Perihematoma Damage at Different Time Points in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage

The damage degree of neurons in perilesion at different time points was observed in order to explore the optimal operation occasion. Piglet lobar hematomas were produced by pressure-controlled infusions of 2.5 mL autonomous blood into the right frontal hemispheric white matter over 15 min, and the metabolic changes were ambulatorily detected with MRS at 3rd, 12th, 24th and 48th h after hematoma induction. Brain tissues of perihematoma were also obtained at different time points. The transcription level of Bax gene was detected by in situ hybridization and apoptosis by TUNEL technique, and the pathologic change of neurons was observed under an electron microscope. The results showed that the number of Bax positive cells reached the peak at 24 h （79.00± 4.243/5 fields）. There was no significant difference in A values between 3 h and 6 h, 12 h （P〉 0. 05）, but there significant difference between 24 h and 3 h, 6 h, 12 h （P〈0. 05）. The number of apoptotic cells reached the peak at 24 h （P〈0. 001）, and there was no significant difference between 3 h and 6 h （P=0. 999）. The area of the apoptotic cells showed no significant difference between 3 h and 6 h or among 3 h, 6 h and 6 h （P〉0.05）. Lac peak mainly occurred at 24 h and 48 h, while on the healthy side, no Lac peak was detectable. The ratio of NAA/Cr presented a descent tendency, but there was no significant difference among the groups before 12 h （P〉0. 05）, there was very significant difference between 3, 6 and 24, 48 h （P〈0. 01）. Under electronic microscopy, the neuronal damage surrounding hematoma in 3 to 6 h was milder than in 24 h to 48 h. It was concluded that the secondary apoptosis, damage and metabolic disturbance of the neurons surround- ing hematoma was milder in 3-6 h in acute intracerebral hemorrhage, while obviously aggravated in 24-48 h. An effective intervention is needed to reduce secondary damage as soon as possible.

An Early-Stop Adjoint Transient Sensitivity Analysis Method for Objective Functions Associated with Many Time Points

Transient sensitivity analysis aims to obtain the gradients of objective functions(circuit performance)with respect to design or variation parameters in a simulator,which can be widely used in yield analysis and circuit optimization,among others.However,the traditional method has a computational complexity of O(N^(2))for objective functions containing circuit states at N time points.The computational complexity is too expensive for large N,especially in time-frequency transform.This paper proposes a many-time-point sensitivity method to reduce the computational complexity to O(N)in multiparameter many-time-point cases.The paper demonstrates a derivation process that improves efficiency by weighting the transfer chain and multiplexing the backpropagation process.We also proposed an early-stop method to improve efficiency further under the premise of ensuring accuracy.The algorithm enables sensitivity calculation of performances involving thousands of time points,such as signal-to-noise and distortion ratio and total harmonic distortion,with significant speed improvements.

Stereo Matching of Planar Curves Composed of Time Stamped Points

Matching features such as curve segments in stereo images play a very important role in scene recomtruction. In this paper, a stereo matching algorithm for the trajectories composed of time stamped points is proposed. Based on time stamped points, planar curve match measurements are given first, such as time constraint, cross-ratio invariant constraint and eplpolar geometry constraint; then, a trajectory matching method is proposed based on epipolar geometry constraint and cross-ratio invariant constraint. In order to match the planar curve segments projected by perspective projection system, the curve start time and end time are selected first to prepare match candidates. Then, the epipolar equation is used to discard the unmatched curve segment candidates. At last, a cross ratio invariant constxaint is used to find the most matched curve segments. If their match measurement is higher than the specialized threshold, a candidate with the least cross ratio difference is then selected as the match result; otherwise, no match is found. Unlike the conventional planar curve segments matching algorithm, this paper presents a weakly calibrated binocular stereo vision system which is based on wide baseline. The stamped points are obtained by targets detecting method of flying objects from image sequences. Due to wide baseline, there must exist the projection not in epipolar monotonic order or the curve segments located in very short distance and keeping the epipolar monotonic order. By using the method mentioned above, experiments are made to match planar curve segments not only in epipolar monotonic order but also not in epipolar monotonic order. The results show that the performance of our curve matching algorithm is effective for matching the arc-like planar trajectories composed of time stamped points.

A simulation study of sampling time point designing for therapeutic drug monitoring based on a population pharmacokinetic model

Aim To develop a method to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters with the limited sampling time points provided clinically during therapeutic drug monitoring. Methods Various simulations were attempted using a one-compartment open model with the first order absorption to determine PK parameter estimates with different sampling strategies as a validation of the method. The estimated parameters were further verified by comparing to the observed values. Results The samples collected at the single time point close to the non-informative sampling time point designed by this method led to bias and inaccurate parameter estimations. Furthermore, the relationship between the estimated non-informative sampling time points and the values of the parameter was examined. The non-informative sampling time points have been developed under some typical occasions and the results were plotted to show the tendency. As a result, one non-informative time point was demonstrated to be appropriate for clearance and two for both volume of distribution and constant of absorption in the present study. It was found that the estimates of the non-informative sampling time points developed in the method increase with increases of volume of distribution and the decrease of clearance and constant of absorption. Conclusion A rational sampling strategy during therapeutic drug monitoring can be established using the method present in the study.

Study on the development and usage of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation time point recorder

BACKGROUND: To invent a novel cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) time point recorder to synchronously and automatically record the time and to identify its effectiveness in humans.METHODS: A CPR time point recorder was invented after the doctors were familiar with the traditional Utstein recovery registration mode and mastered the registration time points required. The progress of CPR was simulated. The standard and correct times were recorded, and the doctors performing the recovery collected the data about the times using our CPR time point recorder or the memory registration mode.RESULTS: The deviation times were 21.4±24.7 seconds for the memory group and 3.57±4.58 seconds for CPR time point recorder group. The deviation of times increased signifi cantly depending on the increase of the operation items in the memory group. A similar phenomenon was found in the timer group but with a smaller difference(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: A CPR time point recorder could reduce the deviation of operate-time, especially after a long-time operation, and for procedures with more operating items, compared with the memory mode. It was a more advantageous and accurate method for the Utstein registration.

Optimal time point for the transplantation of neural stem cells induced to differentiate with retinoic acid

Previous studies have demonstrated that differentiated neural stem cells （NSCs） are more suitable for transplantation than non-differentiated NSCs. In this study, NSCs were expanded in vitro for two passages, induced with retinoic acid to differentiate, and harvested between 1 6 days later. They were subsequently cultured in artificial cerebrospinal fluid for an additional 3 days, dudng which their growth and morphology was monitored. NSCs induced for 4 days exhibited a peak rate of cells differentiating into neurons and robust growth. Our results indicate that the optimal time point for transplanting NSCs is following a 4-day period of induced differentiation.

Solving the Binary Linear Programming Model in Polynomial Time

The paper presents a technique for solving the binary linear programming model in polynomial time. The general binary linear programming problem is transformed into a convex quadratic programming problem. The convex quadratic programming problem is then solved by interior point algorithms. This settles one of the open problems of whether P = NP or not. The worst case complexity of interior point algorithms for the convex quadratic problem is polynomial. It can also be shown that every liner integer problem can be converted into binary linear problem.

Identification of proteins associated with Fusarium crown rot resistance in wheat using label-free quantification analysis

Fusarium crown rot(FCR),typically caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum,is a severe soil-borne disease that,in recent years,has become an emerging threat to Chinese wheat crops.For the first time in this study,we investigated and compared the proteomic characteristics of two Chinese wheat varieties(04 Zhong 36 and Xinmai 26)at 24,48,and 72 h post-inoculation using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis.A total of 9234 proteins were successfully quantified,of which 783 were differentially expressed after inoculation.These proteins were mainly involved in metabolic,single-organism,and cellular processes.Thirty-three proteins associated with defense,cell wall formation,photosynthesis,etc.,showed consistently different expression between the two genotypes at multiple time points.In particular,chitinase,which degrades chitin in the fungal cell wall and limits fungal growth,was exclusively and consistently upregulated in 04 Zhong 36 across the three time points.Other proteins such as flavonoid O-methyltransferase,glycosyltransferase,and peroxidase were only upregulated in 04 Zhong 36,and proteins,including the berberine bridge enzyme and rubisco large subunit-binding protein,were specifically downregulated in Xinmai 26.The expression of transcripts encoding eight selected proteins through qRT-PCR analysis supported the proteomic profiles.Overall,the results of this study allow us to understand FCR resistance in wheat at the protein level.Some proteins and their corresponding genes may be useful resources for the genetic improvement of FCR resistance in wheat.

^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of small pancreatic cancer

AIM:To investigate the role of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG-PET) in the diagnosis of small pancreatic cancer. METHODS:This study involved 31 patients with proven invasive ductal cancer of the pancreas.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the maximum diameter of the tumor:TS1(maximum tumor size≤2.0 cm) ,TS2(>2.0 cm and≤4.0 cm) or TS3-4(>4.0 cm) .The relationships between the TS and various diagnostic tools,including FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation,were analyzed. RESULTS:The tumors ranged from 1.3 to 11.0 cm in diameter.Thirty of the 31 patients(97%) had a positive FDG-PET study.There were 5 patients classified as TS1,15 as TS2 and 11 as TS3-4.The sensitivity of FDG-PET,computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonanceimaging(MRI) were 100%,40%,0%in TS1,93%,93%,89%in TS2 and 100%,100%,100%in TS3-4. The sensitivity of FDG-PET was significantly higher in comparison to CT and MRI in patients with TS1(P< 0.032) .The mean standardized uptake values(SUVs) did not show a significant difference in relation to the TS(TS1:5.8±4.5,TS2:5.7±2.2,TS3-4:8.2±3.9) ,respectively.All the TS1 tumors(from 13 to 20 mm) showed higher SUVs in FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation in the delayed phase compared with the early phase,which suggested the lesions were malignant. CONCLUSION:These results indicate that FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation is a useful modality for the detection of small pancreatic cancers with a diameter of less than 20 mm.

Network-level optimization method for road network maintenance programming based on network efficiency

To maintain their capacity,transportation infrastructures are in need of regular maintenance and rehabilitation.The major challenge facing transportation engineers is the network-level policies to maintain the deteriorating roads at an acceptable level of serviceability.In this work,a quantitative transportation network efficiency measure is presented and then how to determine optimally network-level road maintenance policy depending on the road importance to the network performance has been demonstrated.The examples show that the different roads should be set different maintenance time points in terms of the retention capacities of the roads,because the different roads play different roles in network and have different important degrees to the network performance.This network-level road maintenance optimization method could not only save lots of infrastructure investments,but also ensure the service level of the existing transportation system.

SIRT1 facilitates amyloid beta peptide degradation by upregulating lysosome number in primary astrocytes

Previous studies have shown that sirtuin 1（SIRT1） reduces the production of neuronal amyloid beta（Aβ） and inhibits the inflammatory response of glial cells, thereby generating a neuroprotective effect against Aβ neurotoxicity in animal models of Alzheimer＇s disease. However, the protective effect of SIRT1 on astrocytes is still under investigation. This study established a time point model for the clearance of Aβ in primary astrocytes. Results showed that 12 hours of culture was sufficient for endocytosis of oligomeric Aβ, and 36 hours sufficient for effective degradation. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that Aβ degradation in primary astrocytes relies on lysosome function. Enzymatic agonists or SIRT1 inhibitors were used to stimulate cells over a concentration gradient. Aβ was co-cultured for 36 hours in medium. Western blot assay results under different conditions revealed that SIRT1 relies on its deacetylase activity to promote intracellular Aβ degradation. The experiment further screened SIRT1 using quantitative proteomics to investigate downstream, differentially expressed proteins in the Aβ degradation pathway and selected the ones related to enzyme activity of SIRT1. Most of the differentially expressed proteins detected are close to the primary astrocyte lysosomal pathway. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that SIRT1 relies on its deacetylase activity to upregulate lysosome number in primary astrocytes. Taken together, these findings confirm that SIRT1 relies on its deacetylase activity to upregulate lysosome number, thereby facilitating oligomeric Aβ degradation in primary astrocytes.

Establishment and application of service mapping model for proactive remanufacturing impeller

Since the complex impeller structure and the difficult remanufacturing process may easily cause advance remanufacturing or excessive use,an optimized design method of impeller and service mapping model was presented for its proactive remanufacturing with setting up to explore the best remanufacturing time point in this work.Considering a certain model of long distance pipeline compressor impeller with the Basquin equation and the design method of impeller,the mathematical relationship between the changes of structure and life of the impeller was established.And the service mapping model between the structure and life was set up and simulated by ANSYS software.Thus,the service mapping model was applied to feedback the original design for proactive remanufacturing.In this work,the best proactive remanufacturing time point of impeller was analyzed with the service mapping model,and the structural parameter values could be optimized at this time point.Meanwhile,in the results of this simulation,it proves that the impeller under this optimization performance could satisfy the impeller operating demands.Therefore,comparing with the traditional optimization design method,the remanufacturing optimized design based on the service mapping model is feasible in proactive remanufacturing for sustainable development.

Ordering and Pricing Decisions of a Retailer in the Presence of Multiple-Time Ordering

This paper studies ordering and pricing issues of a retailer who faces a linear-sensitive demand.The definition of a reasonable retail price is put forward.After that,a deterministic model for trading off sales revenue and total cost is constructed,in which the retailer determines the optimal ordering schedule and the optimal retail price simultaneously for the sake of maximizing its total profit.It is shown that the acquired retail prices are all reasonable.During the process of derivation,both ordering time points and the optimal retail price are expressed as functions of ordering times.By solving a quadratic programming model with an undetermined parameter,we demonstrate that the optimal ordering time points of the retailer are equidistant time points on the given selling periods.Further,the sensitivity of each parameter is analyzed and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.Finally,the ordering times is obtained by analyzing the derivatives of the profit function.

Lie Symmetry Analysis and Conservation Laws of a Generalized Time Fractional Foam Drainage Equation

In this paper, a generalized time fractional nonlinear foam drainage equation is investigated by means of the Lie group analysis method. Based on the Riemann–Liouville derivative, the Lie point symmetries and symmetry reductions of the equation are derived, respectively. Furthermore, conservation laws with two kinds of independent variables of the equation are performed by making use of the nonlinear self-adjointness method.

Ruin Probability and Joint Distributions of Some Actuarial Random Vectors in the Compound Pascal Model

The compound negative binomial model, introduced in this paper, is a discrete time version. We discuss the Markov properties of the surplus process, and study the ruin probability and the joint distributions of actuarial random vectors in this model. By the strong Markov property and the mass function of a defective renewal sequence, we obtain the explicit expressions of the ruin probability, the finite-horizon ruin probability, the joint distributions of T, U（T - 1）, ｜U（T）｜ and inf U（n） （i.e., the time of ruin, the surplus immediately before ruin, the deficit at ruin and maximal deficit from ruin to recovery） and the distributions of some actuarial random vectors.

Comparison of two projection methods for modeling incompressible flows in MPM

Material point method（MPM）was originally introduced for large deformation problems in solid mechanics applications.Later,it has been successfully applied to solve a wide range of material behaviors.However,previous research has indicated that MPM exhibits numerical instabilities when resolving incompressible flow problems.We study Chorin＇s projection method in MPM algorithm to simulate material incompressibility.Two projection-type schemes,non-incremental projection and incremental projection,are investigated for their accuracy and stability within MPM.Numerical examples show that the non-incremental projection scheme provides stable results in single phase MPM framework.Further,it avoids artificial pressure oscillations and small time steps that are present in the explicit MPM approach.