A time domain induced polarization relaxation time spectrum inversion method based on a damping factor and residual correction

Relaxation time spectra （RTS） derived from time domain induced polarization data （TDIP） are helpful to assess oil reservoir pore structures. However, due to the sensitivity to the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, the inversion accuracy of the traditional singular value decomposition （SVD） inversion method reduces with a decrease of SNR. In order to enhance the inversion accuracy and improve robustness of the inversion method to the SNR, an improved inversion method, based on damping factor and spectrum component residual correction, is proposed in this study. The numerical inversion results show that the oscillation of the RTS derived from the SVD method increased with a decrease of SNR, which makes it impossible to get accurate inversion components. However, the SNR has little influence on inversion components of the improved method, and the RTS has high inversion accuracy and robustness. Moreover, RTS derived from core sample data is basically in accord with the pore-size distribution curve, and the RTS derived from the actual induced polarization logging data is smooth and continuous, which indicates that the improved method is practicable.

Calculation of the reactor neutron time of flight spectrum by convolution technique

It is a very complex and time-consuming process to simulate the nuclear reactor neutron spectrum from the reactor core to the export channel by applying a Monte Carlo program. This paper presents a new method to calculate the neutron spectrum by using the convolution technique which considers the channel transportation as a linear system and the transportation scattering as the response function. It also applies Monte Carlo Neutron and Photon Transport Code （MCNP） to simulate the response function numerically. With the application of convolution technique to calculate the spectrum distribution from the core to the channel, the process is then much more convenient only with the simple numerical integral numeration. This saves computer time and reduces some trouble in re-writing of the MCNP program.

A Study on Two-dimensional Spectrum Analysis System of Energy and Time

Proposed is a two-dimensional(2D)spectrum analysis system for acquiring the statistical information of radioactive particles on two dimensions,i.e.energy and time.Based on pulse width modulation readout circuit,such a system with 4-channels is designed,which converts the radiation signal into a rectangular pulse signal with pulse width modulated.The pulse width,occurrence time,and pulse count of the rectangular pulses are measured simultaneously with digital counters,so that the 2D spectra on energy and time of the radioactive particles can be obtained efficiently based on bi-parameter statistical analysis.A prototype of this 2D system is tested with gamma rays from 241Am isotopes,from which both the correlated 2D spectra and the independent spectra on energy and time are obtained.The energy spectra of four channels shows all characteristic peaks of 241Am gamma rays,among which the full-energy peak at 59.5keV exhibits energy resolution of about 5-6%,suggesting a good energy resolution and channel uniformity of the system.The regression of the time spectra of the characteristic peaks can give the time constants of each characteristic peak,revealing the time characteristics of the nuclear reactions in the radiative source.

Measurement of Attenuation of Ultrasonic Propagating through the Thin Layer Media with Time Delay Spectrum

The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is one of the most important acoustic parameters to character the performance of a thin layer media, but it can not be measured due to mutual superposition of multiple reflected waves at the same interface in ultrasonic testing. Ultrasonic pulse echo and lamb wave to evaluate the thin layer media can not obtain attenuation coefficient at present. In this paper, analytical method was used to study the acoustics characteristic of thin layer media with the ultrasonic echo testing. Meanwhile, the process of ultrasonic attenuation measurement was presented. Simulation and experimental investigation is focused on a thin layer of rubber. Attenuation coefficient was introduced and evaluation mathematics model was established by the two echoes cross-correlation with and without the thin layer media based on the time delay spectrum. It involved the parameters related to the acoustic properties of the thin layer media. Through calculating the sound velocity and acoustic impedance with the evaluation model, it can deduce the relation between the attenuation coefficient and the frequency. Through analyzing the simulation results, it indicated that the attenuation coefficients were invariable with the varying of the frequency. However, the attenuation coefficients increased with the frequency increasing by ultrasonic testing the thin layer of rubber. The reason was that the attenuation factor was not taken into account during the simulation. This method overcomes shortcomings that the traditional ultrasonic testing can not evaluate the thin layer media whose thickness is less than motivation wavelength. It is a new solution to study the attenuation characteristic and on-line nondestructive evaluation in the thin layer media.

Denoising Nonlinear Time Series Using Singular Spectrum Analysis and Fuzzy Entropy

We present a hybrid singular spectrum analysis （SSA） and fuzzy entropy method to filter noisy nonlinear time series. With this approach, SSA decomposes the noisy time series into its constituent components including both the deterministic behavior and noise, while fuzzy entropy automatically differentiates the optimal dominant components from the noise based on the complexity of each component. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid approach in reconstructing the Lorenz and Mackey--Class attractors, as well as improving the multi-step prediction quality of these two series in noisy environments.

Time-frequency response spectrum of rotational ground motion and its application

The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS） of the rotational motions is calculated and its characteristics are analyzed, then the TFRS is applied to analyze the damage mechanism of one twelve-storey frame concrete structure. The results show that one of the ground motion components can not reflect the characteristics of the seismic motions completely; the characteristics of each component, especially rotational motions, need to be studied. The damage line of the structure and TFRS of ground motion are important for seismic design, only the TFRS of input seismic wave is suitable, the structure design is reliable.

Time frequency spectrum of atmospheric turbulence and sweeping hypothesis

The present study is focused on the structure of time frequency spectrum.A scaling law for Eulerian time frequency spectrum and the corresponding temporal structure function are calculated from the sweeping hypothesis and Kolmogorov’s similarity law regarding spatial structure function.An experiment is designed to study this scaling law in the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer.The results well support the conclusion derived from relevant theoretical analysis.

TIME DOMAIN PROCESSING MODE SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEM

The construction and specifications of a surface acoustic wave storage correlator are described. A time domain processing mode spread spectrum system is presented. An analysis of the interference rejection for this system is provided. The formula for calculating the probability of error of the system is given. The experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis.

高速铁路0.01~1 m波段高低轨道不平顺特性分析

随着我国高速铁路发展规模的不断扩大及运营速度的不断提升,轨道短波不平顺引起的振动与噪声问题日益严重。深入研究高速铁路短波不平顺的时域、频域与时频域特征,对精准掌握高速铁路轨道短波平顺状态及其引起的车-轨系统振动、伤损等一系列问题具有重要的参考价值。以某高速铁路实测0.01~1 m波段轨面高低不平顺数据为研究对象,经过数据预处理剔除异常值并消除趋势项后,对实测不平顺数据进行时域分析,得到该高铁线路短波不平顺数据的统计与分布特性。采用平均周期图法计算该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺功率谱密度,应用非线性最小二乘拟合优化算法进行拟合,提出高速铁路轨道短波不平顺谱。从时频域角度对该段数据进行经验模态分解与希尔伯特变换,分析该高铁线路短波不平顺的希尔伯特谱与边际谱。研究结果表明:该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺数据各统计量幅值都较小,且近似服从正态分布;该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺功率谱密度存在与钢轨波磨有关的多个周期性成分,提出的高速铁路短波不平顺谱函数能够很好地对实测功率谱密度进行拟合,且拟合效果优于经典的SATO建议的短波谱与50 kg/m钢轨的短波谱;对该高铁线路轨道可能存在的短波病害进行识别与定位,时频域分析的方法可以较好地应用于高速铁路轨道平顺性的分析与日常的管理维护。

基于多模态神经网络的微地震事件检测

针对微地震有效信号时序特征存在的局限导致微地震事件识别准确率不高的问题,提出了一种基于多模态学习的神经网络微地震事件检测方法。首先,利用道集数据的相关性以目标道为轴对称制作多道时域模态,对目标道进行时频分析得到S域模态特征;然后,联合时域模态和S域模态设计微地震事件检测神经网络,综合多模态的特征进行训练学习,提高微地震事件识别的精度;最后,为验证方法的有效性,对合成微地震信号进行低信噪比数据分析、小幅值数据分析以及实际油井微地震监测信号事件分析。结果表明,该方法可以有效检测低信噪比及微弱的微地震事件;与支持向量机、卷积神经网络、基于监督机器学习方法的对比实验结果表明该方法具有更高的抗噪性与准确率。

User-Based Discrete-Time Queuing Analysis for Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks

In cognitive radio networks, the spectrum utilization can be improved by cognitive users opportunistically using the idle channels licensed to the primary users. However, the new arrived cognitive users may not be able to use the channel immediately since the channel usage state is random. This will impose additional time delay for the cognitive users. Excessive waiting delay can make cognitive users miss the spectrum access chances. In this paper, a discrete-time Markov queuing model from a macro point of view is provided. Through the matrix-geometric solution theory, the average sojourn time for cognitive users in the steady state before accessing the spectrum is obtained. Given the tolerant delay of cognitive users, the macro-based throughput is derived and an access control mechanism is proposed. The numerical results show the effects of service completion probability on average sojourn time and throughput. It is confirmed that the throughput can be obviously improved by using the proposed access control mechanism. Finally, the performance evaluations based on users are compared to that based on data packets.

Comparison between Response Spectrum and Time History Method of Dynamic Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dam

Dam structure built to store water has failed with resulting loss of life, social, economic and environmental losses due to seismic vibrations. These vibrations are dynamic in nature. These vibrations must be reduced with proper application of engineering principles and for estimating the behavior of concrete gravity dam dynamic analysis plays an extraordinary role. This paper presents the dynamic time history analysis and response spectrum method of a concrete gravity dam by using STAAD-PRO. Here Finite Element Approach is used to analyze the dam. A concrete gravity dam model is prepared in STAAD-PRO to perform the time history analysis and response spectrum analysis and a comparison is done between both these methods. Concrete gravity dam is a large structure which retains a very large amount of water on its upstream side and it is very crucial for a dam to survive against vibrations of earthquake. So it is a matter of study to check the behaviour of a dam during and after the application of the loading.

时间分辨动态LIBS测量方法

针对激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)研究对时间分辨动态光谱测量方法的需求,建立了基于多通道光纤束的动态LIBS测量方法。该方法首先利用不同长度的光纤组成多通道光纤束,对瞬态LIBS信号进行差异延迟,使按照特定时间序列发射的光谱信号同步到达探测器,而后采用面阵ICCD相机对同步到达的多通道光谱信号进行高时间分辨探测。该方法单次测量即可获得LIBS辐射不同时刻的时间分辨光谱。为了验证基于多通道光纤束的动态LIBS测量方法,研制了具有19个通道的光纤束,光纤束中包含的各个单根光纤长度呈等差数列排布,长度差设置为10 m,对应测量的时间间隔约为50 ns,单次测量记录的总时间长度近900 ns。分别基于短脉冲激光光源和标准光源,开展了系统时间响应和光谱响应特性研究,获得了系统的时间响应数据和光谱响应曲线。用YAG激光器的二倍频激光(532 nm)诱导Si产生等离子体辐射光谱,在线测量了辐射光谱的时间演化历程,获得了Si等离子体辐射过程中SiⅠ390.52 nm,SiⅡ385.51 nm,SiⅡ413.12 nm谱线从0~898 ns时间范围内19个时刻的光谱信息,获得了特征光谱的演化规律,验证了该测量方法的可行性。结果表明,利用该测量方法,单次测量可以获得瞬态LIBS辐射过程中19个时刻的光谱参数,具有很高的测量效率。对于实验成本较高、运行频率低的激光诱导等离子体实验研究,采用该方法可以大大降低了测量成本,有效提升等离子体时间分辨动态光谱测量能力。

时间反转直扩通信系统及性能分析

时间反转传输技术的空时聚焦特性能够有效地提升通信系统的性能.本文设计了一种将时间反转技术应用于直扩通信系统的方案,并对多径衰落信道下单用户和多用户系统的接收信干噪比、系统容量、误比特率等性能进行了理论分析与仿真验证.理论与仿真结果表明,通过时间反转预处理,直扩通信系统的性能得到了改善,且优于复杂度较高的多通道Rake接收的系统,且多径数目越多,优势越明显.

基于定子电流法的绕线转子无刷双馈发电机偏心故障研究

绕线转子无刷双馈电机在船舶轴带发电以及风力发电等领域中具有良好的应用前景。转子偏心是一种常见的机械故障,威胁着现代化工业体系的稳定运转,因此实现其状态检测和故障诊断非常关键。由于无刷双馈电机具有特殊的定、转子绕组结构以及复杂的气隙磁场,因此传统的故障检测方法无法直接用于该类电机。该文通过定子电流法提取了功率绕组电流的特征频率分量作为故障指标,实现对静偏心、动偏心以及混合偏心的无创诊断。建立故障电机的时步有限元模型,并通过详细的故障机理分析,得出不同类型的偏心故障可能导致的特征频率信号。最后,以一台2/4对极无刷双馈电机为例,并通过有限元仿真、样机试验验证解析法的结论,为绕线转子无刷双馈电机偏心故障的精准检测提供了理论依据。

大型铺管船托管架疲劳损伤实时监测应用与研究

托管架长期承受着交变载荷的作用,结构疲劳破坏问题不容忽视。为此,本文分别基于波浪谱和监测数据对托管架的疲劳问题进行研究。通过计算结果的对比分析,发现基于波浪谱的疲劳损伤计算,由于波浪荷载的随机性很强,导致计算结果偏于保守,适用于设计阶段结构的疲劳寿命预报评估;而基于实时监测数据的疲劳损伤计算,数据相对更加准确,适用于实时评估结构当前的疲劳损伤情况,并依此提出适当的维修和保养建议。

基于STFT-AOK的星箭力学环境等效频谱分析

星箭力学环境的频谱特性研究对于力学试验环境条件设计非常重要。工程上通常基于冲击响应谱变换获得力学环境参数等效频谱,然而该方法受稳态放大系数Q取值的影响较大。为此,文章提出一种基于短时傅里叶变换–自适应优化核函数(STFT-AOK)融合技术的星箭力学环境等效频谱分析方法。研究结果表明:STFT-AOK方法可在AOK准确定位频率成分和瞬态特征时频区域的基础上,结合STFT的准确幅值,构造出频率分辨率高且幅值准确的时频分布,实现力学环境等效频谱的有效获取,适用于各种复杂瞬态星箭力学环境参数的频谱分析。

电力系统强迫振荡源定位的时-频域耗散能量流方法

准确定位强迫振荡源对电力系统的安全稳定运行意义重大。然而,由于强迫振荡模式的可观性和振荡时变特征,传统方法难以从多通道量测信息中有效提取振荡分量,从而降低了基于耗散能量流的强迫振荡源定位方法的定位精度。为此,提出了一种基于耗散能量流的电力系统强迫振荡源时-频域定位方法。首先,根据节点各量测通道间信息相关性,利用同步压缩短时傅里叶变换处理节点多通道量测信息,构建节点统一时-频系数矩阵;然后,根据强迫振荡分量的能量特性,利用时-频域能量筛选并同步提取时-频系数矩阵中的时-频域强迫振荡分量;进一步,根据测量信息的时-频域特性,在传统时域强迫振荡耗散能量流计算模型的基础上推导出基于同步压缩短时傅里叶变换的时-频域耗散能量流计算模型,并根据系统强迫振荡期间的时-频域耗散能量流能量特性定位强迫振荡源;最后,将所提方法应用于WECC 179节点测试系统、WECC 240节点测试系统的仿真振荡场景以及美国New England的实际振荡事件,所得结果表明所提时-频域定位方法可快速、精准定位强迫振荡源。

不同辐照度对雄黄退化的影响

光照对材料的影响是不可避免的,也是不可逆的,而且光照的损害具有积累作用。国际博物馆学会根据材料的光化学稳定性,将材料划分为:不敏感、低敏感、较敏感和极敏感。不同光敏感性材料对光照的承受能力是不同的,因此研究光照对颜料的影响是非常有必要的,这对文物的保护和修复有指导意义。雄黄是众所周知的光敏材料,在可见光的照射下,雄黄退化生成乌宗石(As4S5)和砒石(As_(2)O_(3)),其中乌宗石作为中间产物脱硫后生成副雄黄。光诱导雄黄退化是常见现象,但辐照条件不同,雄黄退化结果和所需时间也不同。拉曼光谱技术是一种无损检测技术,可进行定性、半定量的物质组分分析。在光诱导雄黄退化过程中,根据物质拉曼峰的位置和强度判断物质结构和成分。使用WLED灯照射雄黄,测得不同辐照度下雄黄拉曼信号完全消失的时间,得出辐照度y与雄黄退化时间x的关系为y=e^(9.057)/x^(0.861),表明辐照度越大,雄黄完全退化所需时间越短。且研究还发现雄黄经WLED辐照后的最终产物均是副雄黄和乌宗石共存,这是因为雄黄光照的退化产物副雄黄,在白色光源中含有的蓝光的辐照下,又退化成中间产物乌宗石。在古建筑内部照明中,应尽可能降低光敏颜料表面接收到的辐照度。照明光源不同,对雄黄的影响也有所不同,但该实验采用的照明光源符合目前照明情况,可以根据上述关系式,结合古建筑内部照明的辐照度对古建彩画进行定期修复。

爆破振动强度、波形与频谱研究综述:预测及主动控制

岩石钻孔爆破不可避免地会产生爆破振动效应及危害,准确预测爆破振动效应并进行主动控制具有极大的现实意义。论文综述了近40年来,国内外研究人员在爆破振动预测及主动控制方面取得的研究成果。在爆破振动速度峰值(PPV)预测方面,经验模型预测方法体现出了较大的便捷性,但预测精度与效果较差,将概率统计理论引入经验模型预测方法,提高了PPV预测精度;而基波叠加预测方法可实现对振速、频率和持续时间的综合预测,但是该方法对振动基波的测试精度要求较高,同时亟须在行业内建立对爆破振动采集设备的定期标定与校核机制;人工智能预测方法极大提高了PPV预测精度,同时为多因素影响下的爆破振动效应预测提供了新思路,但需要建立在海量真实有效实测数据的基础上,目前还缺乏充实的振动测试样本数据库;PPV预测理论模型及数值模拟预测法对理论与专业知识、数值模拟技术等要求高,限制了两种方法在工程的普遍应用。在爆破振动速度主动控制上,可以确定合理的延期时间,采用毫秒延迟干扰减振法来降低PPV,但目前多为单一防护对象所提出的延期时间建议值;从调整爆破振动频谱结构的角度,通过主动改变延期时间调控爆破振动频率成分,可避开建(构)筑物自振频带,减小爆破振动危害,然而目前仅仅停留在理论层面或模型试验尺度条件下,缺乏大规模的现场应用实例。最后,对未来爆破振动预测及控制方面重点研究内容进行了展望。