Finite Difference Schemes for Time-Space Fractional Diffusion Equations in One-and Two-Dimensions

In this paper,finite difference schemes for solving time-space fractional diffusion equations in one dimension and two dimensions are proposed.The temporal derivative is in the Caputo-Hadamard sense for both cases.The spatial derivative for the one-dimensional equation is of Riesz definition and the two-dimensional spatial derivative is given by the fractional Laplacian.The schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent.The numerical results are in line with the theoretical analysis.

Research on Anti-Fluctuation Control of Winding Tension System Based on Feedforward Compensation

In the fiber winding process,strong disturbance,uncertainty,strong coupling,and fiber friction complicate the winding constant tension control.In order to effectively reduce the influence of these problems on the tension output,this paper proposed a tension fluctuation rejection strategy based on feedforward compensation.In addition to the bias harmonic curve of the unknown state,the tension fluctuation also contains the influence of bounded noise.A tension fluctuation observer(TFO)is designed to cancel the uncertain periodic signal,in which the frequency generator is used to estimate the critical parameter information.Then,the fluctuation signal is reconstructed by a third-order auxiliary filter.The estimated signal feedforward compensates for the actual tension fluctuation.Furthermore,a time-varying parameters fractional-order PID controller(TPFOPID)is realized to attenuate the bounded noise in the fluctuation.Finally,TPFOPID is enhanced by TFO and applied to control a tension control system considering multi-source disturbances.The stability of the method is analyzed by using the Lyapunov theorem.Finally,numerical simulations verify that the proposed scheme improves the tracking ability and robustness of the system in response to tension fluctuations.

Atomistic evaluation of tension–compression asymmetry in nanoscale body-centered-cubic AlCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy

The tension and compression of face-centered-cubic high-entropy alloy(HEA) nanowires are significantly asymmetric, but the tension–compression asymmetry in nanoscale body-centered-cubic(BCC) HEAs is still unclear. In this study,the tension–compression asymmetry of the BCC Al Cr Fe Co Ni HEA nanowire is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show a significant asymmetry in both the yield and flow stresses, with BCC HEA nanowire stronger under compression than under tension. The strength asymmetry originates from the completely different deformation mechanisms in tension and compression. In compression, atomic amorphization dominates plastic deformation and contributes to the strengthening, while in tension, deformation twinning prevails and weakens the HEA nanowire.The tension–compression asymmetry exhibits a clear trend of increasing with the increasing nanowire cross-sectional edge length and decreasing temperature. In particular, the compressive strengths along the [001] and [111] crystallographic orientations are stronger than the tensile counterparts, while the [110] crystallographic orientation shows the exactly opposite trend. The dependences of tension–compression asymmetry on the cross-sectional edge length, crystallographic orientation,and temperature are explained in terms of the deformation behavior of HEA nanowire as well as its variations caused by the change in these influential factors. These findings may deepen our understanding of the tension–compression asymmetry of the BCC HEA nanowires.

Eudragit®-PEG Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization and Interfacial Tension Measurements

The objectives of this study are to understand the mechanisms involved in the stabilization of water/oil interfaces by polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) (Eudragit®). Eudragit L100 NPs of various sizes and Zeta potentials were studied and compared at a water/cyclohexane model interface using a droplet tensiometer (Tracker Teclis, Longessaigne, France). The progressive interfacial adsorption of the NPs in the aqueous phase was monitored by tensiometry. The model interface was maintained and observed in a drop tensiometer, analyzed via axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA), to determine the interfacial properties. Given the direct relationship between the stability of Pickering emulsions (emulsions stabilized by solid nanoparticles) and the interfacial properties of these layers, different nanoparticle systems were compared. Specifically, Eudragit NPs of different sizes were examined. Moreover, the reduction of the Zeta potential with PEG-6000 induces partial aggregation of the NPs (referred to as NP flocs), significantly impacting the stability of the interfacial layer. Dynamic surface tension measurements indicate a significant decrease in interfacial tension with Eudragit® nanoparticles (NPs). This reduction correlates with the size of the NPs, highlighting that this parameter does not operate in isolation. Other factors, such as the contact angle and wettability of the nanoparticles, also play a critical role. Notably, larger NPs further diminished the interfacial tension. This study enhances our understanding of the stability of Pickering emulsions stabilized by Eudragit® L100 polymeric nanoparticles.

Neuroimaging in atypical normal tension glaucoma:debating routine implementation in the absence of classic neurological findings

●AIM:To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma(NTG)who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations.●METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 atypical NTG patients who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)due to atypical symptoms.The demographic characteristics,clinical parameters,and radiological findings were recorded.●RESULTS:Among the patients,66.7%had abnormal radiology results,with the most common findings being gliosis(34.4%),sequelae of cerebrovascular events and vascular malformations(14.4%),and benign intracranial mass lesions(11%).Non-glaucomatous visual field defects were more frequently observed in patients with abnormal neuroimaging results.However,there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure,optic disc parameters,retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,and visual field indices between patients with normal and abnormal radiological results.The mean age of the patients was 58.74y.Interestingly,there was a significant age difference,with the abnormal radiology group having a higher median age(P=0.021).●CONCLUSION:The study highlights the importance of cranial imaging in older NTG patients to detect underlying pathologies and prevent misdiagnosis.It suggests that neuroimaging may be warranted in NTG patients with atypical visual field defects incompatible with glaucoma.However,routine neuroimaging in all NTG patients without classic neurological signs may not be necessary.

Geometry and formation mechanism of tension gashes and their implication on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep-seated strata of sedimentary basin:A case from Shunnan area of Tarim Basin

With the theoretical and technological developments related to cratonic strike-slip faults,the Shuntuoguole Low Uplift in the Tarim Basin has attracted considerable attention recently.Affected by multi-stage tectonic movements,the strike-slip faults have controlled the distribution of hydrocarbon resources owing to the special fault characteristics and fault-related structures.In contrast,the kinematics and formation mechanism of strike-slip faults in buried sedimentary basins are difficult to investigate,limiting the discussion of these faults and hydrocarbon accumulation.In this study,we identified the characteristics of massive sigmoidal tension gashes(STGs)that formed in the Shunnan area of the Tarim Basin.High-resolution three-dimensional seismic data and attribute analyses were used to investigate their geometric and kinematic characteristics.Then,the stress state of each point of the STGs was calculated using seismic curvature attributes.Finally,the formation mechanism of the STGs and their roles in controlling hydrocarbon migration and accumulation were discussed.The results suggest that:(1)the STGs developed in the Shunnan area have a wide distribution,with a tensile fault arranged in an enéchelon pattern,showing an S-shaped bending.These STGs formed in multiple stages,and differential rotation occurred along the direction of strike-slip stress during formation.(2)Near the principal displacement zone of the strike-slip faults,the stress value of the STGs was higher,gradually decreasing at both ends.The shallow layer deformation was greater than the deep layer deformation.(3)STGs are critical for connecting source rocks,migrating oil and gas,sealing horizontally,and developing efficient reservoirs.This study not only provides seismic evidence for the formation and evolution of super large STGs,but also provides certain guidance for oil and gas exploration in this area.

Effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses and capsular tension rings implantation for cataract patients with axial high myopia

●AIM:To assess effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs)and capsular tension rings in treating cataract patients with axial high myopia.●METHODS:A prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.Totally 98 eyes(74 patients)who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)with trifocal IOLs were enrolled in the study and followed up for 2y after surgery:46 eyes(33 patients)with capsular tension ring implantation in the long axial lengths(AL)group(26<AL<29 mm)and 52 eyes(41 patients)in the normal AL group(22<AL<24.5 mm).Postoperative outcomes about effectivity and safety,including the subjective and objective visual quality,and postoperative complications were assessed.●RESULTS:Uncorrected distance visual acuity at 5 m and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity at 60 and 80 cm in the long AL group were significantly worse than those in the normal AL group at 3mo postoperatively(P<0.05).The differences in reading speed,spectacle independence and potential visual complaints between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The dysfunctional lens index and total modulation transfer function(MTF)average height were similar between the two groups.The postoperative internal coma aberrations in the axial high myopia eyes were significantly higher than that in the normal AL group(P<0.05).The total satisfaction score in the long AL group(91.32±2.76)was slightly higher than that in the normal AL group(90.36±3.47),but there was no difference(P=0.136).A statistically negative correlation was found between corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)and dysfunctional lens index(r=-0.382,P=0.009),and between CDVA and the total MTF average height(r=-0.374,P=0.01).But there was no significant correlation between CDVA and total satisfaction score(r=0.059,P=0.696).Postoperative complications mainly presented as posterior capsular opacity(PCO),retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema.There was no difference in the incidence of fundus disease(6.5%vs 3.8%,P=0.663)or PCO(17.4%vs 7.7%,P=0.217)between the two groups at two years.●CONCLUSION:The utilization of trifocal IOL and capsular tension ring implantation is beneficial for cataract patients with axial high myopia undergoing FLACS.This approach not only ensures excellent subjective feelings and objective visual quality,but also does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications.

Hubble Tension Explanation from This Cosmological Model AΛΩ (Slow Bang Model, SB)

In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of the evolution of space-time as well as an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms. We find an explanation of the Hubble tension H0. Indeed, we have seen that this constant depends on the transceiver pair which can vary from the lowest observable value, from photons of the CMB (theoretical [km/s/Mpc]) to increasingly higher values depending on the earlier origin of the formation of the observed galaxy or cluster (ETG ~0.3 [Gy], ~74 [km/s/Mpc]). We have produced a theoretical table of the values of the constant according to the possible pairs of transmitter/receiver in the case where these galaxies follow the Hubble flow without large disturbance. The calculated theoretical values of the constant are in the order of magnitude of all values mentioned in past studies. Subsequently, we applied the models to 9 galaxies and COMA cluster and found that the models predict acceptable values of their distances and Hubble constant since these galaxies mainly follow the Hubble flow rather than the effects of a galaxy cluster or a group of clusters. In conclusion, we affirm that this Hubble tension does not really exist and it is rather the understanding of the meaning of this constant that is questioned.

Unveiling the silent link:Normal-tension glaucoma's enigmatic bond with cardiac blood flow

This comprehensive review embarks on a captivating journey into the complex relationship between cardiology and normal-tension glaucoma(NTG),a condition that continues to baffle clinicians and researchers alike.NTG,characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss despite normal intraocular pressure,has long puzzled clinicians.One emerging perspective suggests that alterations in ocular blood flow,particularly within the optic nerve head,may play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.While NTG shares commonalities with its high-tension counterpart,its unique pathogenesis and potential ties to cardiovascular health make it a fascinating subject of exploration.It navigates through the complex web of vascular dysregulation,blood pressure and perfusion pressure,neurovascular coupling,and oxidative stress,seeking to uncover the hidden threads that tie the heart and eyes together in NTG.This review explores into the intricate mechanisms connecting cardiovascular factors to NTG,shedding light on how cardiac dynamics can influence ocular health,particularly in cases where intraocular pressure remains within the normal range.NTG's enigmatic nature,often characterized by seemingly contradictory risk factors and clinical profiles,underscores the need for a holistic approach to patient care.Drawing parallels to cardiac health,we examine into the shared vascular terrain connecting the heart and the eyes.Cardiovascular factors,including systemic blood flow,endothelial dysfunction,and microcirculatory anomalies,may exert a profound influence on ocular perfusion,impacting the delicate balance within the optic nerve head.By elucidating the subtle clues and potential associations between cardiology and NTG,this review invites clinicians to consider a broader perspective in their evaluation and management of this elusive condition.As the understanding of these connections evolves,so too may the prospects for early diagnosis and tailored interventions,ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those living with NTG.

A Comment on the Hubble Expansion Parameter Tension

We point out that the recent baryon acoustic oscillation measurement by the Dark Energy Survey collaboration relieves the Hubble expansion parameter tension.

Crealet presents its innovative warp tension solutions at Techtextil 2024

Crealet is the world leader in sophisticated warp feeding technology and tailored solutions.Controlled warp tension stands also for controlled fabric quality.The Swiss firm presents its latest developments for technical textile applications at Techtextil 2024 in Frankfurt,Germany.

TIME-SPACE CONCEPT FOR PRECISION MEASUREMENT

The transformation between time and space is discussed. To improve real-time response speed of intelligent measuring system, the concept of exchanging program execution time with more circuitry is presented working in cycle mode. Displacement measuring by magnification is achieved with period measurement by magnification. To change the condition that traditional precision measurement depends on machining precision greatly, the concept of measuring space with time and theory of time-space coordinate transformation are proposed. Guided by the idea of measuring space with time, differential frequency measurement system and time grating displacement sensor are developed based on the proposed novel methods. And high-precision measurement is achieved without high-precision manufacture, which embeds the remarkable characteristics of low cost but high precision to the devices. Experiment and test results conform the validity of the proposed time-space concept.

Adaptive time-space resource and waveform control for collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam

Collocated multiple input multiple output(MIMO)radar,which has agile multi-beam working mode,can offer enhanced multiple targets tracking(MTT)ability.In detail,it can illuminate different targets simultaneously with multi-beam or one wide beam among multi-beam,providing greater degree of freedom in system resource control.An adaptive time-space resource and waveform control optimization model for the collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam is proposed in this paper.The aim of the proposed scheme is to improve the overall tracking accuracy and meanwhile minimize the resource consumption under the guarantee of effective targets detection.A resource and waveform control algorithm which integrates the genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to solve the optimization problem.The optimal transmitting waveform parameters,system sampling period,sub-array number,binary radar tracking parameterχ_i(t_k),transmitting energy and multi-beam direction vector combination are chosen adaptively,where the first one realizes the waveform control and the latter five realize the timespace resource allocation.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Adaptive resource management for multi-target tracking in co-located MIMO radar based on time-space joint allocation

Compared with the traditional phased array radar, the co-located multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar is able to transmit orthogonal waveforms to form different illuminating modes, providing a larger freedom degree in radar resource management. In order to implement the effective resource management for the co-located MIMO radar in multi-target tracking,this paper proposes a resource management optimization model,where the system resource consumption and the tracking accuracy requirements are considered comprehensively. An adaptive resource management algorithm for the co-located MIMO radar is obtained based on the proposed model, where the sub-array number, sampling period, transmitting energy, beam direction and working mode are adaptively controlled to realize the time-space resource joint allocation. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the co-located MIMO radar using the proposed algorithm can satisfy the predetermined tracking accuracy requirements with less comprehensive cost compared with the phased array radar.

An ADRC Parameters Self-Tuning Control Strategy of Tension System Based on RBF Neural Network

High precision control of substrate tension is the premise and guarantee for producing high-quality products in roll-to-roll precision coating machine.However,the complex relationships in tension system make the problems of decoupling control difficult to be solved,which has limited the improvement of tension control accuracy for the coating machine.Therefore,an ADRC parameters self-tuning decoupling strategy based on RBF neural network is proposed to improve the control accuracy of tension system in this paper.Firstly,a global coupling nonlinear model of the tension system is established according to the composition of the coating machine,and the global coupling model is linearized based on the first-order Taylor formula.Secondly,according to the linear model of the tension system,a parameters self-tuning decoupling algorithm of the tension system is proposed by integrating feedforward control,ADRC and RBF.Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed tension control strategy has good decoupling control performance and effectively improves the tension control accuracy for the coating machine.

A Time-Space Optimal Parallel Sorting on a Hypercube

In this paper we discuss a parallel sorting algorithm on a hypercube. Its time complexity is O(n logn/p) +O(n). Here, P is the number of processors available and n, the amount of items to be sorted. Take the problem of time-space optimization into consideration, when P≤ O(log n), this algorithm is both timespace optimal and cost optimization. But this means only speedup is O(P) and it is not linear speedup. Therefore, we further discuss relevant parallel efficiency problems.

Regulatory mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell death in normal tension glaucoma and potential therapies

Normal tension glaucoma(NTG)is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by normal intraocular pressure,progressive retinal ganglion cell(RGC)death,and glaucomatous visual field loss.Recent studies have described the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NTG.In addition to controlling intraocular pressure,neuroprotection and reduction of RGC degeneration may be beneficial therapies for NTG.In this review,we summarized the main regulatory mechanisms of RGC death in NTG,including autophagy,glutamate neurotoxicity,oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,immunity,and vasoconstriction.Autophagy can be induced by retinal hypoxia and axonal damage.In this process,ischemia can cause mutations of optineurin and activate the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.Glutamate neurotoxicity is induced by the over-stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate membrane receptors by glutamate,which occurs in RGCs and induces progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy.Oxidative stress also participates in NTG-related glaucomatous optic neuropathy.It impairs the mitochondrial and DNA function of RGCs through the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-JUN N-terminal kinase pathway.Moreover,it increases inflammation and the immune response of RGCs.Endothelin 1 causes endothelial dysfunction and impairment of ocular blood flow,promoting vasospasm and glaucomatous optic neuropathy,as a result of NTG.In conclusion,we discussed research progress on potential options for the protection of RGCs,including TANK binding kinase 1 inhibitors regulating autophagy,N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists inhibiting glutamate toxicity,ASK1 inhibitors regulating mitochondrial function,and antioxidants inhibiting oxidative stress.In NTG,RGC death is regulated by a network of mechanisms,while various potential targets protect RGCs.Collectively,these findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of NTG and potential therapeutic strategies.

Stability of neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes with capsular tension rings

·AIM: To evaluate the stability of neodymium(Nd):YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes with capsular tension rings(CTRs).·METHODS: A total of 60 eyes that underwent cataract surgery and laser posterior capsulotomy postoperatively were included in this retrospective cohort study. To evaluate the safety and stability of capsulotomy, changes in the size of posterior capsulotomy and anterior chamber depth(ACD) in three groups: the group without CTR, the group with 12 mm CTRs, and the group with 13 mm CTRs, at 1wk, 3, 12, and 15mo after capsulotomy, were compared. ·RESULTS: In the group without CTR and the group with 12 mm CTR, there was no significant change in ACD at every post-laser follow-up. In the group with 13 mm CTR, the ACD change was significant until 3mo after capsulotomy. In all groups, there was a significant increase in the area of capsulotomy between 1wk and 3mo post-laser. Between 3 and 12mo post-laser, only the group with 13 mm CTR showed a significant increase in the area of capsulotomy(P<0.01). ·CONCLUSION: Laser posterior capsulotomy is safe in all three groups. The capsulotomy and ACD become stabilized and have not shown significant changes since 1y postlaser, even with larger CTRs. The maintenance of centrifugal capsular tension can last longer with larger CTRs, and the stability of the capsulotomy site can be reached about 12mo after capsulotomy in pseudophakic eyes with larger CTRs.

Modeling of Surface Waves in a Fluid Saturated Poro-Elastic Medium under Initial Stress Using Time-Space Domain Higher Order Finite Difference Method

In this present context, mathematical modeling of the propagation of surface waves in a fluid saturated poro-elastic medium under the influence of initial stress has been considered using time dependent higher order finite difference method (FDM). We have proved that the accuracy of this finite-difference scheme is 2M when we use 2nd order time domain finite-difference and 2M-th order space domain finite-difference. It also has been shown that the dispersion curves of Love waves are less dispersed for higher order FDM than of lower order FDM. The effect of initial stress, porosity and anisotropy of the layer in the propagation of Love waves has been studied here. The numerical results have been shown graphically. As a particular case, the phase velocity in a non porous elastic solid layer derived in this paper is in perfect agreement with that of Liu et al. (2009).

SLC Method and Earthquakes' Clustering Features in Time-Space in the Top Area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc

By using the SLC(Single-Link Cluster)method,this study worked in three respects:(a)set up three-dimensional(3-D)SLC software that can deal with a large catalogue of earthquakes and analyze the characteristics of earthquakes’ clustering and scattering in time-space:(b)defined several parameters to describe the distinguishing feature for the SLC frame and developed a technique to calculate the 3-D SLC frames and these parameters with gradual time-sliding,and inspected their variations with time,especially before large events; and(c)by using these means,treated the earthquake catalogue in the top area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc as well as some valuable results that had been obtained.