Time-Domain Protection for Transmission Lines Connected to Wind Power Plant based on Model Matching and Hausdorff Distance

The system impedance instability,high-order harmonics,and frequency offset are main fault characteristics of wind power system.Moreover,the measurement angle of faulty phase is affected by rotation speed frequency component,which causes traditional directional protections based on angle comparison between voltage and current to operate incorrectly.In this paper,a time-domain protection for connected to wind power plant based on model matching is proposed,which compares the calculated current and the measured current to identify internal faults and external faults.Under external faults,the calculated current and measured current waveform are quite similar because the protected transmission lines is equivalent to a lumped parameter model and the model itself is not damaged.However,the similarity of calculated current and measured current is quite low,due to destroyed integrity of model under internal faults.Additionally,Hausdorff distance is introduced to obtain the similarity of the calculated current and measured current.Since the proposed protection scheme is applied in time domain,it is independent from current frequency offsets of wind energy system,high-order harmonics,and system impedance variations.Comprehensive case studies are undertaken through Power Systems Computer Aided Design(PSCAD),while simulation results verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach in fault identification.

Source Range Estimation Based on Pulse Waveform Matching in a Slope Environment

An approach of source range estimation in an ocean environment with sloping bottom is presented. The approach is based on pulse waveform correlation matching between the received and simulated signals. An acoustic prop- agation experiment is carried out in a slope environment. The pulse signal is received by the vertical line array, and the depth structure can be obtained. For the experimental data, the depth structures of pulse waveforms are different, which depends on the source range. For a source with unknown range, the depth structure of pulse waveform can be first obtained from the experimental data. Next, the depth structures of pulse waveforms in dif- ferent ranges are numerically calculated. After the process of correlating the experimental and simulated signals, the range corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient is the estimated source range. For the explosive sources in the experiment with two depths, the mean relative errors of range estimation are both less than 7%.

An effective method for laboratory acoustic emission detection and location using template matching

In this paper, a template matching and location method, which has been rapidly adopted in microseismic research in recent years, is applied to laboratory acoustic emission(AE) monitoring. First, we used traditional methods to detect P-wave first motions and locate AE hypocenters in three dimensions. In addition, we selected events located with sufficient accuracy(normally corresponding AE events of relatively larger energy, showing clear P-wave first motion and a higher signal-to-noise ratio in most channels) as template events. Then, the template events were used to scan and match other poorly located events in triggered event records or weak events in continuous records. Through crosscorrelation of the multi-channel waveforms between the template and the event to be detected, the weak signal was detected and located using a grid-searching algorithm(with the grid centered at the template hypocenter). In order to examine the performance of the approach, we calibrated the proposed method using experimental data of different rocks and different types of experiments. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the detection capability and location accuracy, and can be applied to various laboratory and in situ experiments, which use multi-channel AE monitoring with waveforms recorded in either triggering or continuous mode.

A spherical higher-order finite-difference time-domain algorithm with perfectly matched layer

A higher-order finite-difference time-domain（HO-FDTD） in the spherical coordinate is presented in this paper. The stability and dispersion properties of the proposed scheme are investigated and an air-filled spherical resonator is modeled in order to demonstrate the advantage of this scheme over the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） and the multiresolution time-domain（MRTD） schemes with respect to memory requirements and CPU time. Moreover, the Berenger＇s perfectly matched layer（PML） is derived for the spherical HO-FDTD grids, and the numerical results validate the efficiency of the PML.

Transmission cable fault detector based on waveform reconstruction

In order to improve the accuracy of cable fault position location at a low cost and make the testing results intuitive, a cable fault detector based on wave form reconstruction is designed. In this detector, the cable fault position is located based on the time-domain pulse reflection （TDR） principle. A pulse waveform is injected in the tested cable, and a high-speed comparator with changeable reference voltages is used to binarize the test pulse waveform to a binary sequence on a certain voltage. Through scanning the reference voltage in a full voltage range, multi-sequences are acquired to reconstruct the pulse waveform transmission in the cable, and then the pulse attenuation feature, electrical open circuit fault, electrical short circuit fault, and the fault position of the cable are diagnosed. Experimental results show that the designed cable fault detector can determine the fault type and its position of the cable being tested, and the testing results are intuitive.

L1 norm optimal solution match processing in the wavelet domain

Greater attention has been paid to vintage-merge processing of seismic data and extracting more valuable information by the geophysicist. A match filter is used within many important areas such as splicing seismic data, matching seismic data with different ages and sources, 4-D seismic monitoring, and so on. The traditional match filtering method is subject to many restrictions and is usually difficult to overcome the impact of noise. Based on the traditional match filter, we propose the wavelet domain L1 norm optimal matching filter. In this paper, two different types of seismic data are decomposed to the wavelet domain, different detailed effective information is extracted for Ll-norm optimal matching, and ideal results are achieved. Based on the model test, we find that the L1 norm optimal matching filter attenuates the noise and the waveform, amplitude, and phase coherence of result signals are better than the conventional method. The field data test shows that, with our method, the seismic events in the filter results have better continuity which achieves the high precision seismic match requirements.

Borehole-GPR numerical simulation of full wave field based on convolutional perfect matched layer boundary

The absorbing boundary is the key in numerical simulation of borehole radar.Perfect match layer(PML) was chosen as the absorbing boundary in numerical simulation of GPR.But CPML(convolutional perfect match layer) approach that we have chosen has the advantage of being media independent.Beginning with the Maxwell equations in a two-dimensional structure,numerical formulas of finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method with CPML boundary condition for transverse electric(TE) or transverse magnetic(TM) wave are presented in details.Also,there are three models for borehole-GPR simulation.By analyzing the simulation results,the features of targets in GPR are obtained,which can provide a better interpretation of real radar data.The results show that CPML is well suited for the simulation of borehole-GPR.

基于地震波波形相似的薄互层识别方法

随着油田勘探开发程度的深入,目标储层大都具有薄、小、深、碎的特点,高精度薄互层识别成为储层预测的热点和重点。目前常用的时频分析方法和谱分解技术受限于地震数据,无法满足薄互层精确刻画的要求;高分辨率反演方法也因地球物理反演的非线性特征导致结果存在多解性。为此,提出基于地震波波形相似的薄互层识别方法:首先采用波形库思想,构建井旁道—测井敏感曲线波形库;之后利用改进Manhattan距离联合线性相关系数法计算波形相似度,进行波形匹配;最后将波形相似度作为唯一驱动,建立地震数据与高分辨率测井数据间的数学联系,最终得到高分辨率处理剖面。该方法充分利用了地震、测井数据分别具有的横向和纵向高分辨率优势,能够有效识别薄互层目标,极大地降低了反演结果的多解性。模型试算验证了方法的可行性;实际资料处理结果表明该方法显著提高了纵向分辨率,对调谐尺度内的薄互层识别提供了技术支撑。

基于波形域的匹配滤波前抗间歇采样转发干扰方法

间歇采样转发干扰属于一类脉内相干欺骗干扰,其运用欠采样原理,在距离维上产生多个虚假的目标峰,从而干扰真实目标的检测与跟踪。为了解决这一问题,该文提出了一种基于波形域的匹配滤波前抗间歇采样转发干扰方法。首先,考虑到间歇采样转发干扰的部分匹配特性,该文在匹配滤波过程中引入了扩展域,即波形域,以研究干扰信号与真实目标回波信号元素的局部特征,并在每个波形域上定义了自适应的阈值函数。其次,引入卡尔曼滤波对波形域信号进行状态估计,通过自适应阈值检测筛选出波形域信号中的有效积分元素与无效积分元素,并建立关于有效积分元素的估计状态空间。最后,在抑制波形域信号中的无效积分元素的同时,从有效积分元素的估计状态空间中补充相应长度的积分元素,保留剩余的有效积分元素,通过积分得到不含虚假目标的距离像结果。该文所提方法不倚赖于任何干扰机参数等先验信息,即可有效抑制间歇采样转发干扰。仿真实验表明,与传统方法相比,该文方法实现的抗间歇采样转发干扰性能更优。

电压电流能量信息融合的低压交流电弧故障检测

针对串联电弧故障检测判据选择难、阈值设置难的问题,本文在传统基于电流检测方法的基础上融合使用电压信息,提出了一种电压电流能量信息融合的交流电弧故障检测方法。以分析开关电源和非开关电源类负荷下的各自故障特征为基础,提出了利用电压半波总能量的开关电源类电弧故障直接判定方法,并融合使用电压电流特征能量波形相关性实现故障线路的选择;提出了基于敏感域电压电流最大瞬时特征能量相位匹配的适用于非开关电源类负荷下的故障检测方法,以特征能量相位信息构建判据,克服了传统检测方法的阈值设定困难问题。本文检测方法判据虽利用了负荷分类思想,但由于开关电源类负荷下的故障检测可利用电压半波总能量幅值实现故障直接判定,因此实际应用中无需辨识负荷类型。相较传统利用电流特征的检测方法,本文方法具有判据简单、易于阈值设定的优势。试验结果表明,本文方法可有效用于多种类型负荷的电弧故障检测,检测时间满足相关标准规定。

一种幅相联合调制雷达波形设计与处理方法

随着脉内特征识别、信号分选等电子侦察技术的发展,雷达波形设计正面临严峻的挑战。幅度调制作为一种新型脉冲调制方式,能够增加信号时域的复杂性,提升波形的反识别能力。本文提出一种幅相联合编码雷达波形,通过幅度相位联合调制提升雷达波形的复杂度,具有良好的反侦察潜力;利用幅度上的稀疏采样特点,提出匹配滤波与压缩感知相结合的回波信号处理方法处理此信号,有效提升低信噪比条件下的检测概率。最后通过仿真实验证明了所提幅相联合调制雷达波形设计与处理方法的有效性。

Hilbert-Huang transform with adaptive waveform matching extension and its application in power quality disturbance detection for microgrid

With the significant improvement of microgrid technology, microgrid has gained large-scale application.However, the existence of intermittent distributed generations, nonlinear loads and various electrical and electronic devices causes power quality problem in microgrid, especially in islanding mode. An accurate and fast disturbance detection method which is the premise of power quality control is necessary. Aiming at the end effect and the mode mixing of original Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT), an improved HHT with adaptive waveform matching extension is proposed in this paper. The innovative waveform matching extension method considers not only the depth of waveform, but also the rise time and fall time. Both simulations and field experiments have verified the correctness and validity of the improved HHT for power quality disturbance detection in microgrid.

三色激光在充气波导管内产生孤立阿秒脉冲相位匹配条件的分析(特邀)

对比优化与未优化的三色光组合发现,当高次谐波场在波导管内传播时,仅当单原子响应中始终保持单个发射峰,或者在合适相位匹配条件下单原子响应中的多余发射峰被抑制时,才能有效地产生孤立阿秒脉冲。比较不同三色光组合下产生的孤立阿秒脉冲的性能,确定基频激光(1600 nm)与其二倍频场(800 nm)、四倍频场(400 nm)的优化组合是在波导管内产生孤立阿秒脉冲的最佳组合。

Unconditionally stable Crank-Nicolson algorithm with enhanced absorption for rotationally symmetric multi-scale problems in anisotropic magnetized plasma

Large calculation error can be formed by directly employing the conventional Yee’s grid to curve surfaces.In order to alleviate such condition,unconditionally stable CrankNicolson Douglas-Gunn(CNDG)algorithm with is proposed for rotationally symmetric multi-scale problems in anisotropic magnetized plasma.Within the CNDG algorithm,an alternative scheme for the simulation of anisotropic plasma is proposed in body-of-revolution domains.Convolutional perfectly matched layer(CPML)formulation is proposed to efficiently solve the open region problems.Numerical example is carried out for the illustration of effectiveness including the efficiency,resources,and absorption.Through the results,it can be concluded that the proposed scheme shows considerable performance during the simulation.

一种自适应波形匹配的EMD端点延拓算法

为了解决EMD分解微多普勒雷达信号的端点效应问题,提出了一种自适应波形匹配的EMD端点延拓算法。将信号划分为含一对极大极小值的多个子波,并对其进行相同点数的等间隔采样,通过设计匹配系数,选取与端点子波匹配度最高的子波作为延拓子波。匹配系数由匹配子波与端点子波采样点的幅度匹配度与频率匹配度加权求和而成,具有幅度和频率自适应性;将延拓后的信号做EMD分解,提取信号中的微多普勒频率;采用文中算法对微多普勒仿真信号与手势微多普勒雷达信号进行处理,实验结果表明,文中算法可以将上述信号分解为不同的频率分量,并且效果优于不延拓、镜像延拓以及极值平均延拓,验证了文中算法的有效性。

一种MSK扩频信号的解调算法研究

针对噪声环境下的信号解调问题,本文提出了一种结合CCSK(循环码移键控)软扩频体制的MSK(最小频移键控)非相干解调算法。MSK调制技术因其高效频谱利用和低误码率而被广泛使用,但传统相干解调依赖于精确的载波相位信息,不适用于短突发通信和高动态环境。本算法结合CCSK扩频技术,利用周期自相关特性强的基函数及其循环移位序列,提出了一种基于波形匹配的MSK非相干解调算法,信号的抗干扰能力得到显著提升,简化了接收机设计,并在较低信噪比条件下保持良好的解调性能,宽容度高,对采样点漂移具有一定的容忍度。仿真试验结果表明:在信噪比为-5.5 dB的条件下,系统的误码率(BER)能够保持在10^(-6)以下,显示出良好的抗噪性能。同时,仿真实验分析了采样点漂移的影响,发现1个采样点漂移会使解调性能下降2~3 dB,2个采样点漂移则下降5~6 dB,尽管如此,解调性能仍在可用区间。该算法在较低信噪比和高动态场景下展现出优异的解调性能。综上所述,本文提出的基于波形匹配的MSK非相干解调算法为复杂环境下的无线通信提供了一种高效、可靠的解决方案。

基于动态时间弯曲的地铁跨专业数据同步方法研究

跨专业数据融合分析是打破地铁多部门协作数据壁垒、解决多系统联合仿真困难的重要途径,而跨专业数据同步则是数据融合分析的重要保证。为了实现地铁牵引变电站与车辆数据的时间同步,从波形相似性检测的角度提出了一种基于动态时间弯曲的时间同步方法。通过将牵引变电站的电压波形数据与地铁车辆中的电压波形数据进行匹配分析,实现两者时间同步。结果表明该方法能够计算各个变电站与每一辆列车的时间偏移,具有较高的准确性和有效性,满足工程应用的需求。

EMD自适应三角波匹配延拓算法

波形匹配延拓是遏制经验模态分解(EMD)端点效应的有效方法,针对现有波形匹配延拓方法的不足,提出了一种自适应的三角波形匹配延拓方法,改进了三角波匹配度的计算方法和匹配子波的寻优算法。改进的三角波匹配度计算方法,突出延拓平顺性的同时,加强了端点处数据与内部波形的关联。自适应的匹配寻优算法,首先在固定极值点对应的波段内部搜寻局部最佳子波的截取时刻,截取局部最优匹配子波,然后在局部最优子波内搜寻全局最优匹配子波,提高了子波截取的合理性与匹配的准确性。仿真信号及实验信号分析表明,该方法可有效抑制EMD端点效应,显著提高分解精度。

故障行波全波形时–频特性分析

基于行波信号的故障检测以故障行波的产生、传输特性和折、反射机理为基础。故障行波是一个宽频带阶跃信号,兼具时域和频域的波形特性。融合故障行波时–频域波形,该文提出基于全波形信息的故障行波表现形式,全面刻画行波的传播过程;深度挖掘故障行波全波形与网络拓扑结构、故障点位置和故障点参数的关联,分析折射和反射过程、传输函数和故障点参数对行波全波形传播造成的影响,对区内各点故障和区内、外故障,行波全波形的相似性和差异性进行了定性分析;运用时–频域波形相关系数实现行波全波形的有效辨识,通过大量PSCAD/EMTDC仿真,总结区内不同故障点,区内、外故障以及不同故障点参数,行波全波形相关系数的变化规律,为基于行波信息的故障检测技术搭建了坚实的理论基础。

一种EMD改进方法及其在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

针对经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)中存在的端点效应问题,提出一种波形特征匹配延拓与余弦窗函数相结合的改进方法。首先对信号进行波形特征匹配延拓,实现延拓数据与原信号交界处的光滑过渡,避免边界处瞬时频率的跳跃;其次针对该延拓方法存在延拓误差的问题,对信号加余弦窗处理,将延拓误差控制在信号两端,使其无法(或以较慢速度)向数据内部发展,保证信号有效数据的正确分解,提高信号的分解精度,实现EMD算法的改进。通过仿真分析和不对中故障诊断实例研究表明,该方法能较好地抑制EMD端点效应,实现旋转机械故障的有效诊断。