Time-effect relationship of acupuncture on histopathology, ultrastructure, and neuroethology in the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage

Many clinical studies have addressed the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage using acupuncture. However, few studies have examined the relationship between time of acupuncture and curative effect on cerebral hemorrhage. By observing the effect of acupuncture on changes in histopathology, ultrastructure, and neuroethology in a cerebral hemorrhage model of rats, we have directly examined the time-effect relationship of acupuncture. The rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was produced by slowly injecting autologous blood to the right caudate nucleus. The experimental groups were: 3-, 9-, 24-, and 48-hour model groups; and 3-, 9-, 24-, and 48-hour acupuncture groups. The sham-operation group was used for comparison. Acupuncture was performed at the Neiguan(PC6) and Renzhong(DU26) acupoints, twice a day, 6 hours apart, for 5 consecutive days. Brain tissue changes were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Neuroethology was assessed using Bederson and Longa scores. Our results show that compared with the sham-operation and model groups, Bederson and Longa scores were lower in each acupuncture group, with visibly improved histopathology and brain tissue ultrastructure. Further, the results were better in the 3-and 9-hour acupuncture groups than the 24-and 48-hour acupuncture groups. Our findings show that acupuncture treatment can relieve pathological and ultrastructural deterioration and neurological impairment caused by the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage, and may protect brain tissue during this period. In addition, earlier acupuncture intervention following cerebral hemorrhage(by 3 or 9 hours) is associated with a better treatment outcome.

Time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound inhibiting platelet aggregation

Aim To evaluate the time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound （PHAAC） inhibiting platelet aggregation. Methods For the time-effect study, 190 Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were devided into 19 groups （n- 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h）. Rats were singly intra- gastic administration of the vehicle, the PHAAC （5 mg·kg^-1） or the prasugrel hydrochloride （5 mg · kg^-1 ）, re- spectively. Blood samples were taken at each time point for the determination of platelet aggregation rate （PAR）. For the dose-effect study, 110 SD rats were devided into 11 groups （n= 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （ 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） . Blood samples were taken at 4 h after drug administration for the determination of PAR. Results Compared with the vehicle group, PHAAC has significant anti-platelet ag- gregative effects （P 〈 0.05） at the time of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 h, and the effect at the time of 4 h was the strongest. There were no obvious differences between the effect of PHAAC （5 mg · kg^-1） and prasugrel hydrochlo- ride （5 mg · kg^-1） at each time point. Compared with the vehicle group, intragastic administration of PHAAC at the doses of 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1 could obviously inhibite the platelet aggregation, and showed a dose- dependent manner. There were no significant differences between the effect of PHAAC and prasugrel hydrochloride at the same dose. Conclusion PHAAC can inhibit platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect at 4 h after drug administration is the strongest. The action strength and duration of PHAAC are similar with that of the prasugrel hydrochloride.

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT NEEDLE-RETAINING DURATION ON CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS OF CEREBRAL PARALYSIS CHILDREN

Objective: To investigate the effects of different needle-retaining duration on cerebral hemodynamics in cerebral paralysis (CP) children. Methods: A total of 20 cases of CP children were subjected into this study. Changes of systolic peak value (Vs), blood flow velocity at the end-diastolic phase (Ved), mean velocity (Vm), pulsation index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of the cerebral hemodynamics before and after performing JIN’s Three-Needling Therapy with the needles retained for 30 min (group A) and 5 min (group B) were observed by using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). Results: After acupuncture, the blood flow in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was accelerated, and the resistance of blood vessels decreased. The effect of needle-retaining-30 min was better than that of needle-retaining-5 min. Conclusion: In treating cerebral paralysis by using JIN’s Three-Needling Therapy, sufficient stimulation provided by needle remaining is an important factor for achieving satisfactory therapeutic effects.

Structural characteristics of the basement and the prospective of favorable oil and gas blocks in the Tacheng basin

The Tacheng basin has been identified as a Carboniferous basement with a central uplift, sur- rounded by orogenic belts. This identification was based on the comprehensive analysis of field outcrops, regional magnetic and gravimetric data, skeleton seismic profiles, magnetotelluric profiles and drilling data. Here, we present gravimetric and magnetic data analyses of the basement structures of the Tacheng basin and its base formation. We also provide a magnetotelluric profile analysis of the structural features and tectonic framework of basin-mountain patterns. We use local geology, drilling data, and other comprehensive information to document the tectonic framework of the basement of the basin. Small-scale nappe structures are found in the northern basin, whereas stronger and more pronounced thrusting structures are found to the south and east of the basin. The basin is divided into four first-order tectonic units： a central uplift, a northern depression, a southeastern depression and a western depression. In addition, the Emin sag is suggested as a possible reservoir for oil and gas.

Reflection on the Human-Nature Relationship: Reinterpretation of Emily Dickinson’s “My Life had stood——a Loaded Gun”

Emily Dickenson’s poems have long enjoyed considerable acclaims from critics and common readers for her delicate and profound writing of life and death,love,nature,etc.Her short poem“My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun”is one receiving relatively few academic discussion.Among the rather few existent studies,many discuss Dickenson’s feminist ideas,religious bewilderment,literary creation views or even personal feeling in this poem.This article,instead,gives an interpretation of this poem from an ecocritical perspective.It points out that Emily Dickenson in this poem expresses her condemnation on human’s cruelty and indiffer?ence to nature.After a thorough interpretation of Dickenson’s reflection on human-nature relationship in this poem,the article fur?ther explores Dickenson’s attitudes toward nature through her personal writing background and clues in her other works to support this interpretation.

Clinical Study on Time-effect Relation of Acupuncture for Pain due to Dysmenorrhea

Objective： To observe the time-effect relationship of needling a single point or multiple points for pain relief in patients with severe primary dysmenorrhea. Methods： A total of 20 cases with severe primary dysmenorrhea were randomly allocated into a group of single point. In each treatment, the needles retained for 30 min and 15 person times were observed in each group. The VAS （Visual Analogue Scale） values were recorded immediately before needling, 5 min, 20 min and 30 min upon insertion, and 30 min, 60 min and 120 min upon withdrawal for statistical analysis. Results： Immediate pain relief occurred following acupuncture and the pain-alleviating effect was incremented within the 30 min of needle retaining. At 20 min upon needle insertion, the pain relief from needling multiple points appeared substantially stronger than needling a single point （P〈0.05） and this effect remained until 2 h after withdraw of the needles. Conclusion： Needling a single point or multiple points can both produce remarkably immediate pain relief for patients with severe primary dysmenorrhea and share similar time-effect relationship. However, needling multiple points showed substantially better effects than needling a single point in a number of time points.

America's Love-Hate Relation-ship with Its Lawyers Rosemary Adang

Hi American Professor, I’m a law student in China. In association with my field of study, I’d like toshare with you some of my reflections on the current situation here: China hasbeen constructing its legal system since the 1949 liberation and is now adapting itinto the new market economy. Once almost unheard of , the hiring of an

RNA Regulations and Functions Decoded by Transcriptome-wide RNA Structure Probing

RNA folds into intricate structures that are crucial for its functions and regulations. To date, a multitude of approaches for probing structures of the whole transcriptome, i.e., RNA struc- turomes, have been developed. Applications of these approaches to different cell lines and tissues have generated a rich resource for the study of RNA structure-function relationships at a systems biology level. In this review, we first introduce the designs of these methods and their applications to study different RNA structuromes. We emphasize their technological differences especially their unique advantages and caveats. We then summarize the structural insights in RNA functions and regulations obtained from the studies of RNA structuromes. And finally, we propose potential directions for future improvements and studies.

Narratives in Mamluk architecture： Spatial and perceptual analyses of the madrassas and their mausoleums

Mamluk sultans were known for their patronage of the arts and architecture. Their educational institutions were among the wide array of architectural projects that linked them as ruling elites to the religious scholars of their times. Their tombs were placed in a mausoleum attached to their educational-religious complexes to attest to their legacy. The evolution of their buildings such that both educational and memorial functions are integrated with the dense surroundings is scrutinized through chronological-spatial analysis. The configuration of the built form, the disposition of its boundaries, its patterns of accessibility, and its visual properties are the features that present the buildings to one＇s experience and bring certain perceptions into play. In this study, various spatial descriptor tools of space syntax are employed to analyze the data of 14 Mamluk examples （1260-1517A.D.） and capture the differences in the experience where the expression is preserved. Analyses of the configurational characteristics, axial attributes, visibility structures, and isovists highlight how the spatial and formal properties of the layouts were used to express certain representational relationships. The advantages of combining different spatial investigations allows for understanding historical design principles and how the geometry of forms could hide in its abstract rules, conceptual and perceptual qualities.