Induction chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The value of adding induction chemotherapy(IC) to concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) for the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) remains unclear.In our recent article entitled "Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma:a phase 3,multicentre,randomised controlled trial" published in the Lancet Oncology,we reported the results of a phase Ⅲ,multicenter,randomized controlled trial comparing cisplatin,5-fluorouracil,and docetaxel(TPF) IC plus CCRT versus CCRT alone in patients wit hT3-4N1/TxN2-3M0 NPC(Clinical Trials.gov registration number NCT01245959).The IC-plus-CCRT group showed significantly higher 3-year failure-free survival,overall survival,and distant failure-free survival rates than the CCRT-alone group,with an acceptable toxicity profile.Our study suggests that adding TPF IC to CCRT could increase survival rates and reduce distant failure in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC.However,long-term follow-up is required to assess the eventual efficacy and toxicity of this strategy,and a more accurate method to determine prognosis is needed to enable better tailoring of treatment strategy for individual patients.

PhaseⅡstudy of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with raltitrexed and cisplatin in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective:For locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(LA-NPC)patients,high incidences of distant metastases and severe treatment related toxicities are the main obstacles needed to be overcome.Raltitrexed,a specific thymidylate synthase inhibitor with a convenient administration schedule,has an acceptable and manageable toxicity,and possesses radio-sensitizing properties.To investigate the efficacy and safety of raltitrexed and cisplatin induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy(IC+CCRT)in patients with LA-NPC,a phaseⅡclinical study was conducted.Methods:Sixty eligible patients with LA-NPC were enrolled into this study.A raltitrexed-cisplatin combination was used as part of an IC+CCRT regimen.Raltitrexed-cisplatin IC was given once every 3 weeks(q3 w)for two cycles,followed by raltitrexed-cisplatin based CCRT q3 w for two cycles.Intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)was given for all enrolled patients.Results:All patients were included in survival analysis according to the intent-to-treat principle.The objective response rate(ORR)3 months after treatment was 98%.The 2-year overall survival(OS)rate was 92%.The median relapse-free survival(RFS)time was 30.5[95%confidence interval(95%CI),28.4-32.3]months.The 2-year RFS rate was 85%.The 2-year local failure-free survival(LFFS)rate was 97%and the 2-year distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS)rate was 88%.Acute toxicities were mostly grade 2 and 3 reactions in bone marrow suppression,gastrointestinal side effect and oropharyngeal mucositis.Only two patients occurred grade 4 acute toxicities,one was bone marrow suppression and the other was dermatitis radiation.Conclusions:The combination of raltitrexed and cisplatin has a comparable efficacy to those in standard firstline therapy.

Induction chemotherapy with albumin-bound paclitaxel plus lobaplatin followed by concurrent radiochemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND Albumin-bound paclitaxel(ABP)has been used as second-and higher-line treatments for advanced esophageal cancer,and its efficacy and safety have been well demonstrated.Lobaplatin(LBP)is a third-generation platinum antitumor agent;compared with the first two generations of platinum agents,it has lower toxicity and has been approved for the treatment of breast cancer,small cell lung cancer,and chronic granulocytic leukemia.However,its role in the treatment of esophageal cancer warrants further investigations.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy with ABP plus LBP followed by concurrent radiochemotherapy(RCT)for locally advanced esophageal cancer.METHODS Patients with pathologically confirmed advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)at our hospital were enrolled in this study.All patients were treated with two cycles of induction chemotherapy with ABP plus LBP followed by concurrent RCT:ABP 250 mg/m^(2),ivgtt,30 min,d1,every 3 wk;and LBP,30 mg/m^(2),ivgtt,2 h,d1,every 3 wk.A total of four cycles were scheduled.The dose of the concurrent radiotherapy was 56-60 Gy/28-30 fractions,1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction,and 5 fractions/wk.RESULTS A total of 29 patients were included,and 26 of them completed the treatment protocol.After the induction chemotherapy,the objective response rate(ORR)was 61.54%,the disease control rate(DCR)was 88.46%,and the progressive disease(PD)rate was 11.54%;after the concurrent RCT,the ORR was 76.92%,the DCR was 88.46%,and the PD rate was 11.54%.The median progression-free survival was 11.1 mo and the median overall survival was 15.83 mo.Cox multivariate analysis revealed that two cycles of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent RCT significantly reduced the risk of PD compared with two cycles of chemotherapy alone(P=0.0024).Non-hematologic toxicities were tolerable,and the only grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity was radiation-induced esophagitis(13.79%).The main hematologic toxicity was neutropenia,and no grade 4 adverse event occurred.CONCLUSION Induction chemotherapy with ABP plus LBP followed by concurrent RCT is effective in patients with locally advanced ESCC,with mild adverse effects.Thus,this protocol is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Predictive value of tumor volume reduction rates before and after induction chemotherapy in determining the radiosensitivity and prognosis of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinomas

Objective This study investigated the predictive value of tumor volume reduction rates(TVRRs) before and after induction chemotherapy in determining the radiosensitivity and prognosis of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinomas(NPCs). Methods The clinical data of 172 patients with locally advanced primary NPCs who were treated from January 2009 to December 2012 were collected. Tumor regression was evaluated based on the results of the computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging studies. Data about the tumor diameters before and after induction chemotherapy and after radiotherapy as well as the survival times of the patients were obtained. Results All 172 patients had NPCs. After radiotherapy, the TVRR in patients without residual tumor cells was higher than that in patients with residual tumor cells after induction chemotherapy(median values: 47.7% and 15.1%, respectively), and the 5-year survival rates were 80.3% and 45.6%, respectively. Neck lymph node metastasis was observed in 161 of 172 patients, and the TVRRs were similar(median values: 46.8% in 161 patients without residual tumor cells and 11.1% in 161 patients with residual tumor cells). The 5-year survival rate of the 161 patients without residual tumor cells was 84.5%, and that of patients with residual tumor cells was 37.3%. As shown by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, the area under the curve(AUC) of the ROC curve for TVRRs in patients with primary NPCs but without residual tumors was 0.851, whereas that for TVRRs in patients with neck lymph node metastasis but without residual tumors was 0.784. This result indicates that TVRR has a high diagnostic performance. The univariate Cox regression analysis showed that clinical stage, TVRR in primary NPCs, neck lymph node metastatic lesions before and after induction chemotherapy, presence or absence of residual tumor cells in primary NPCs, and neck lymph node metastatic lesions after radiotherapy were significantly correlated to overall survival(OS). Results of the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that clinical stage and presence or absence of residual tumor cells in the lymph nodes after radiotherapy were the independent prognostic factors of OS.Conclusion The TVRR after induction chemotherapy may be an effective predictive indicator of the treatment efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with NPC.

Successful treatment for esophageal carcinoma with lung metastasis by induction chemotherapy followed by salvage esophagectomy: Report of a case

We here report a case of a 51-year-old man with lung metastasis from esophageal carcinoma that was initially treated by combination chemotherapy consisting of fluorouracil and nedaplatin. Because metastatic disease disappeared, salvage esophagectomy was performed. Although chest wall recurrence developed at the thoracotomy wound, prolonged survival of 48 months was achieved by local tumor resection and additional chemotherapy. This combination chemotherapy is regarded as a promising and considerable treatment for metastatic esophageal carcinoma.

Clinical analysis of preoperative induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the curative effect and adverse reaction of preoperative induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:This prospective randomized controlled trial included 115 patients with locally advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and were treated from January 2007 to January 2010.The experimental group of 63 cases was treated with two cycles of induction chemotherapy before operation,radical surgery had been performed about three weeks after completion of chemotherapy,followed by received two cycles of chemotherapy.And the control group(52 cases) was treated at first with radical surgery,then treated with four cycles of chemotherapy.Two groups of the cases received routine thoracic radiotherapy with a total dose of 45 Gy.One cycle of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin regimen included gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 on day 1,day 2 and day 3 by intravenous infusion,with 21 days as one cycle.The tumor recurrence was evaluated by chest CT and abdominal B-ultrasound.Efficacy and toxicity results were compared by two groups.Results:All patients were followed up for three months to two years.The surgical stage of the experimental group reduced,two-years disease-free survival and postoperative recovery in the experimental group were better than in the control group,the difference was statistical significant.Toxicity and side effect after chemotherapy were mainly bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reactions,other complications included thrombocytopenia,leukopenia,anemia,liver and kidney dysfunction were no significant difference in two groups.Conclusion:Preoperative induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for locally advanced lung cancer can reduce the surgical staging and extend the postoperative disease-free survival.

Induction chemotherapy followed by weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in inoperable stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancers: results of a phase Ⅱ trial

Objective： several trials have suggested the superiority of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. It has been hypothesized that the addition of systemic dose sequential chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiotherapy, as induction or as consolidation, might further improve survival rates. So we sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of induction paclitaxel and carboplatin followed by weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Fifty-six patients with stage III inoperable NSCLC received induction chemotherapy with 2 cycles of paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC-6 every 3 weeks then patients were assigned to concurrent chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel 45 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC-2 weekly along with concurrent radiotherapy at dose of 60 Gy （1.8 Gy/d x 5 d/week）. Results： Median age of the 56 eligible patients was 61 years, most of them were males （87.5%）. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common pathological type （55.4%） and 85.7% had a performance status of 1. The majority of patients were presented with stage IIIB （62.5%）. Neutropenia was the most common toxicity during induction therapy （12.5% expressed grade 3） whereas esophagitis was the most common non hematologic adverse reaction during concurrent chemoradiotherapy （14.3% of grade 3）. The overall response rate was 71.6% with complete response in 19.6%. After median follow up of 20 months, the median survival time was 13 months （95% CI： 10.917-15.083） and 1 year overall survival rate was 53.6%. Conclusion： This regimen has demonstrated an acceptable toxicity profile and encouraging response to treatment. Evaluation of this regimen in larger number and a phase III trial are recommended.

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse after complete remission by standard induction chemotherapy

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of haploidentical hematopoietic stem - cell transplantation ( Haplo - PBSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse after complete remission by standard induction chemotherapy. Methods Eighty - nine cases of AML in first relapse after complete remission by standard DA

Gemcitabine plus carboplatin used as induction regimen for elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine(GEM) and carboplatin(CBP) used as induction regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:Seventy-eight cases of elderly patients have been cytologically and pathologically confirmed with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC,the age of the patients ranged from 65 to 75 years.The patients were treated with the combined regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin.GEM 1000 mg/m2 intravenously injected by drip on the 1st,8th day and the dosage of CBP was AUC 4 that was used on the 1st day,21 days apart to each cycle,most patients received 2 cycles.Treatment response was evaluated according to the criteria of RECIST(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor),the side effect of the regimen was judged based on WHO criteria.Results:Seventy-eight patients were evaluated and received a total of 156 cycles chemotherapy.There were no complete regression that could be observed,but 32 cases had partial regression(PR),37 cases with no change(NC) and 9 cases with progression disease(PD).The overall response rate was 41.0%.The main side effects were hematological toxicity.Conclusion:The GC regimen could be used as induction treatment for elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC,and the regimen could be well tolerated and is safe in terms of side effects.

地西他滨联合预激方案治疗首程标准诱导化疗未缓解初诊AML患者的效果观察

目的:探讨地西他滨联合预激方案治疗首程标准诱导化疗未缓解初诊急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的疗效及对调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)相对含量的影响。方法:收集2013年3月-2019年3月陕西省人民医院收治的102例初诊经首程标准诱导化疗未缓解的AML患者(除急性早幼粒细胞白血病)的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方案不同对患者进行分组,51例采用预激方案治疗为常规组,51例采用地西他滨联合预激方案治疗为联合组。比较两组疗效、毒副反应发生率、治疗前后生活质量核心量表(QLQ-C30)评分、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、Treg)及3年总生存率。结果:联合组治疗总有效率为80.39%,显著高于常规组的62.75%(P<0.05);治疗后联合组QLQ-C30评分为60.27±6.96,较常规组65.73±7.96低(P<0.001);两组毒副反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后联合组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平较常规组高(均P<0.001),而Treg水平较常规组低(P<0.001);联合组3年总生存率为72.55%,高于常规组的52.94%(P<0.001)。结论:地西他滨联合预激方案治疗初诊首程标准诱导化疗未缓解AML患者效果显著,可通过调节Treg相对含量减少抗肿瘤免疫抑制,增强机体免疫功能,从而延长患者生存时间,提高生存质量,且未增加不良反应。

维奈克拉联合阿扎胞苷治疗不耐受强化疗的初治老年急性髓系白血病的临床疗效

目的:总结35例不耐受强化疗的初治老年急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)的临床特点,评估维奈克拉(venetoclax,VEN)联合阿扎胞苷(azacytidine,AZA)的疗效及安全性。方法:纳入本院2021年2月至2022年3月间诊断的35例不耐受强化疗的初治老年AML患者,接受VEN+AZA诱导治疗,回顾性分析其临床特征、VEN+AZA诱导的缓解情况及治疗安全性。结果:患者中位年龄68岁,继发AML 9例。所有患者均完成骨髓细胞遗传学及分子生物学评估,其中低危患者10例,中危12例,高危13例。常见的基因突变为DNA甲基转移酶3A(DNA methyltransferase 3A,DNMT3A)(11例)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶1/2(isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2,IDH1/2)(11例)、TET癌基因家族成员2(ten⁃eleven translocation 2,TET2)(9例)、核仁磷酸蛋白1(nucleophosmin 1,NPM1)(8例)、Fms⁃样酪氨酸激酶3⁃内部串联重复(Fms⁃related tyrosine kinase 3⁃internal tandem duplication,FLT3⁃ITD)(6例)。总完全缓解(complete remission,CR)率65.7%(23例),NPM1、FLT3⁃ITD、IDH1/2突变患者CR率分别为87.5%、66.7%、72.7%。CR患者中总微小残留病变(minimal residual disease,MRD)阴性率73.9%。中位随访时间10.1个月,中位无事件生存(event⁃free survival,EFS)期11.3个月。缓解患者中,相比于MRD阳性患者,MRD阴性患者EFS及总生存(overall survival,OS)期更长(P<0.05)。早期死亡率5.7%,治疗过程中最常见的不良反应为血液学毒性(3~4级中性粒细胞减少31.4%、3~4级血小板减少25.7%、中性粒细胞减少性发热48.6%)及肺部感染(17.1%)。结论:VEN+AZA在不耐受强化疗的初治老年AML中治疗的总缓解率较高。NPM1突变可能提示更高缓解率。MRD转阴患者EFS期及OS期较MRD阳性患者延长,死亡风险下降。VEN+AZA是目前不能耐受强化疗的初治老年AML重要的治疗选择之一。

尼妥珠单抗联合TP方案诱导化疗对EGFR阳性局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及其安全性

目的探讨尼妥珠单抗(NTZ)联合TP方案诱导化疗对表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)阳性局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及其安全性。方法前瞻性选取贵州省人民医院2020年1月-2022年12月收治的Ⅲ-ⅣA期鼻咽癌患者48例,采用随机数表法分为NTZ+多西他赛/白蛋白紫杉醇+顺铂(NTP)组(n=24)与多西他赛/白蛋白紫杉醇+顺铂(TP)组(n=24)。NTP组2或3个周期诱导治疗后序贯NTZ配合顺铂同步放化疗,采用免疫组化检测肿瘤组织EGFR表达水平,探究NTP组患者EGFR表达强度和尼妥珠单抗的治疗效果;比较两组诱导治疗结束后的近期疗效、肿瘤退缩率及不良反应发生情况。结果NTP组EGFR阳性表达率为100%,EGFR表达强度与联合NTZ的诱导治疗疗效相关(P<0.05);诱导治疗结束后的两组疗效比较,NTP组颈部淋巴结的客观缓解率(ORR)明显高于TP组(75.0%vs.45.8%,P=0.039),两组肿瘤原发病灶及总体(肿瘤原发病灶和颈部淋巴结)ORR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不良反应方面,NTP组白细胞减少、胃肠道反应发生率低于TP组(P<0.05),皮疹发生率高于TP组(P<0.05),两组肝功能异常、血红蛋白及血小板减少比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论鼻咽癌组织中存在不同强度的EGFR表达,EGFR表达强度较高时,联合NTZ诱导治疗临床获益更明显;NTZ联合TP诱导方案治疗对于局部晚期鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结的近期疗效和安全性较好。

经口微创手术治疗诱导化疗后下咽癌疗效分析

目的对局部晚期下咽癌经诱导化疗降期后行微创及开放手术患者预后及喉功能保留情况分析。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2021年12月北京同仁医院接受诱导化疗并疗效评估为大部分缓解(partial response,PR),即肿瘤靶病灶最大径之和减少≥70%后,行保留喉功能手术的54例下咽癌患者临床资料,对接受经口微创手术和颈外入路开放手术的患者术后喉功能恢复情况、生存率等进行对比分析。结果54例患者中接受经口微创手术28例,接受颈外入路部分下咽和(或)部分喉切除手术26例,两组患者术后3年生存率分别为63%和59%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.288,P>0.05),微创手术组术后呼吸功能(χ^(2)=14.676,P<0.05)、吞咽功能(χ^(2)=10.956,P<0.05)及发声功能(χ^(2)=13.290,P<0.05)的恢复优于开放手术组,差异均有统计学意义。结论经口微创治疗在诱导化疗后降期的下咽癌患者治疗中能够获得与开放手术近似的生存率,且经口微创手术后喉功能恢复更好。

基于MRI影像组学模型预测鼻咽癌诱导化疗疗效的研究

目的:探讨基于MRI的影像组学模型预测鼻咽癌诱导化疗疗效的价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的184例(132例作为训练集,52例作为验证集)接受诱导化疗的鼻咽癌患者治疗前2周内、诱导化疗结束后T_(2)WI和CE-T_(1)WI两个序列图像。根据实体肿瘤疗效评价标准,将患者分为反应组(102例)和无反应组(82例)。分别勾画治疗前两个序列图像中肿瘤的瘤体作为感兴趣区进行影像组学特征提取。分析影像组学特征、临床病理特征及治疗前的血液学指标,构建了3个模型,用于预测鼻咽癌诱导化疗疗效,分别为模型1(CE-T_(1)WI+T_(2)WI影像组学)、模型2(临床病理特征+治疗前血液学指标)、模型3(模型1+模型2)。绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线并评估模型的预测效能。利用决策分析曲线评价不同风险阈值下模型的净获益情况。结果:模型3其训练集的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为0.951、0.831、0.869、0.881、0.815,验证集对应的值分别为0.948、0.774、0.952、0.960、0.741。在训练集及验证集中,模型1的性能均优于模型2(0.940 vs.0.745,0.952 vs.0.608,P值均<0.001),同时模型3的预测性能均高于模型2(0.951 vs.0.745,0.948 vs.0.608,P值均<0.001)。决策曲线示三个模型在评价鼻咽癌诱导化疗疗效时均有明确临床获益,并且模型3、模型1均优于模型2。结论:与使用治疗前临床病理特征+血液学指标模型相比,影像组学模型以及影像组学+临床病理+血液学指标模型均能更好地预测鼻咽癌诱导化疗的疗效,对鼻咽癌化疗方案的制定具有一定的指导价值。

ASL-MRI对局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗反应及近期疗效的早期预测价值

目的:通过动脉自旋标记磁共振成像(ASL-MRI)监测局部晚期鼻咽癌(LA-NPC)诱导化疗前、后的肿瘤血流量(TBF),探讨ASL-MRI早期预测LA-NPC诱导化疗反应及近期疗效的价值。方法:收集38例初诊LA-NPC患者,于诱导化疗前、后行ASL-MRI,以获得诱导化疗前TBF(Pre-TBF)和诱导化疗后TBF(Post-TBF),并计算诱导化疗前、后的TBF变化值(ΔTBF)及变化率(ΔTBF%)。在诱导化疗后,将完全缓解(CR)和部分缓解(PR)归为反应组,疾病稳定(SD)及疾病进展(PD)归为非反应组。在放疗后3个月评估近期疗效,分为CR组和非CR组(PR、SD及PD)。采用单因素及多因素二分类logistic回归分析TBF参数对诱导化疗效果及近期疗效的影响。采用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线确定诊断效能。结果:38例患者中诱导化疗反应组23例(60.5%),非反应组15例(39.5%)。放疗后3个月CR组22例(57.9%),非CR组16例(42.1%)。诱导化疗反应组在放疗后3个月的CR率显著高于非反应组(73.9%vs.33.3%,P=0.02)。38例患者Pre-TBF显著高于Post-TBF(Z=4.227,P<0.001)。诱导化疗反应组Pre-TBF、ΔTBF及ΔTBF%显著高于非反应组(均P<0.05);放疗后3个月CR组的Pre-TBF、ΔTBF及ΔTBF%显著高于非CR组(均P<0.05)。多因素二分类logistic回归结果显示,Pre-TBF是诱导化疗效果的独立影响因素(P=0.027),ROC曲线下面积为0.745(P=0.012);T分期及ΔTBF%是近期疗效的独立影响因素(均P<0.05),ΔTBF%的ROC曲线下面积为0.807(P=0.001)。结论:治疗前LA-NPC肿瘤血流高灌注提示更好的疗效,Pre-TBF可以预测LA-NPC诱导化疗效果,ΔTBF%可以预测LA-NPC近期疗效。

NLR对局晚期口腔鳞状细胞癌患者术前尼妥珠单抗联合新辅助化疗疗效预测价值研究

目的探讨尼妥珠单抗联合新辅助化疗前外周血中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lympho-cyte ratio,NLR)对局晚期口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)患者术前新辅助治疗近期疗效的预测价值,为临床提供参考。方法本研究获得伦理委员会审批和患者知情同意,收集2020年9月至2023年6月就诊于山西医科大学第一医院口腔颌面外科的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期OSCC患者59例,所有患者临床资料完整,都经病理学确诊为鳞状细胞癌,并接受术前尼妥珠单抗+TP(多西他赛+顺铂)新辅助化疗;分析其临床资料,收集治疗前及治疗后外周血中性粒细胞数值、淋巴细胞数值;计算比值NLR,使用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)计算得到阈值,根据尼妥珠单抗联合TP新辅助化疗前NLR阈值将患者分为高NLR组和低NLR组;根据实体瘤疗效评价标准评估尼妥珠单抗联合TP新辅助化疗后临床疗效,分析NLR与近期疗效的相关性;使用免疫组织化学染色方法检测尼妥珠单抗联合TP新辅助化疗前后OSCC组织中表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)的表达,分析不同NLR组间EGFR表达差异。结果共收集59例晚期OSCC患者,根据ROC曲线得到NLR阈值为2.377,将患者分为<2.377组(低NLR组)24例,>2.377组(高NLR组)35例;低NLR组较高NLR组近期疗效好(P<0.05);低NLR组和高NLR组治疗后EGFR表达均下降,低NLR组较高NLR组下降幅度更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论尼妥珠单抗联合TP新辅助化疗前低NLR的患者有较好的疗效,此类患者更有可能在术前尼妥珠单抗联合新辅助化疗中受益。

诱导化疗对鼻咽癌患者免疫功能及炎症指标的影响

目的 探讨诱导化疗(IC)对Ⅲ—Ⅳ期鼻咽癌(NPC)患者免疫功能及炎症指标的影响。方法 选取102例经病理证实的Ⅲ—Ⅳ期NPC患者,接受TPF方案(多西他赛、顺铂及5-氟尿嘧啶,72例)或GP方案(吉西他滨及顺铂,30例);评估患者的近期临床疗效;比较不同临床特征患者IC治疗前免疫功能;比较IC前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、B淋巴细胞亚群(CD19^(+))、NK细胞百分比,炎症指标白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值(LMR)和全身免疫炎症指数(SII),以及营养指标总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和前白蛋白(PA)变化;比较不同IC方案和IC周期数患者免疫功能、炎症指标、营养状况。结果102例患者均完成IC,其中0例达完全缓解(CR),87例(85.3%)达部分缓解(PR),13例(12.7%)达到稳定(SD),2例(2.0%)出现进展(PD);客观缓解率(ORR)为85.3%,疾病控制率(DCR)为98.0%。IC后NPC患者CD19^(+)淋巴细胞和NK细胞占比较IC前下降,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)淋巴细胞占比上升,NLR、SII、TP、ALB和PA水平均降低(P<0.05)。与TPF组比较,GP组CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值升高,LMR降低(P<0.05);≤3周期组与>3周期组IC前后的免疫功能、炎症指标及营养状况无统计学意义。结论 IC治疗NPC患者近期疗效可,疾病控制率高,能提高NPC患者的细胞免疫功能,降低体液免疫功能,且炎症指标和营养状况均下降。

常规磁共振成像影像特征在鼻咽癌预后预测中的研究进展

鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)是一种起源于鼻咽黏膜柱状上皮的恶性肿瘤。目前,临床上主要根据磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)上原发肿瘤的侵犯程度以及颈部淋巴结大小和位置来确定患者治疗方案,但仍有约10%~30%患者在治疗后发生疾病进展。目前,多功能MRI技术展现出了比常规MRI技术更好的预后预测性能,但由于常规MRI检查具有分辨率高,稳定性好以及普及性广的特点,其在临床应用中的价值不可忽视。且近年来,多项研究细致探究了NPC颅底结构侵犯情况(如颅底骨质侵犯,软组织浸润等)以及转移淋巴结的其他形态学特征(如包膜外侵,淋巴结坏死等)在NPC预后预测中的价值,且将某些常规MRI特征加入目前第八版分期能够显著提高预测性能。因此,本研究就常规MRI[如T2WI、对比增强T1WI(contrast-enhanced T1WI,CE-T1WI)、弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)]的多维度原发灶和淋巴结特征在NPC预后预测中的价值进行综述,以为临床诊疗提供可靠的依据。

加速超分割放疗联合PD-1抑制剂在小细胞肺癌诱导化疗后的应用价值

目的:分析加速超分割放疗联合程序型死亡受体-1(PD-1)抑制剂在小细胞肺癌(SCLC)诱导化疗后的应用价值。方法:回顾性选取2021年4月—2023年3月新余市人民医院收治的82例SCLC患者的临床资料,依据治疗方式分为观察组(n=42)、对照组(n=40),对照组采用依托泊苷+顺铂/卡铂(EP)或者伊立替康+顺铂/卡铂(IP)方案进行诱导化疗,同时联合加速超分割放疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合新型PD-1抑制剂。对比两组临床疗效及治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物、Karnofsky评分、生存情况与不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组客观缓解率(ORR)明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清胃泌素释放肽前体(ProGRP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白-19的可溶性片段(Cyfra21-1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1、6、12个月,两组Karnofsky评分均高于治疗前,且观察组Karnofsky评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组1年内无进展生存率、总生存率均略高于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组各项不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:加速超分割放疗联合PD-1抑制剂用于SCLC患者诱导化疗后,可明显地提高临床疗效,下调肿瘤标志物水平,安全可靠。

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy and its evolving role in management of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases

Advanced gastric cancer （GC） has been recognized as lethal disease when peritoneal metastases （PM） occurred.There is no standard treatment for advanced GC with PM.Until 1980s,the therapeutic arena for these patients had remained stagnant,with no therapeutic approach having shown a survival gain in GC with PM.However,cytoreductive surgery （CRS） with peritonectomy procedures and intraperitoneal chemotherapy （IPC） promising new combined therapeutic approach to achieve disease control for GC with PM.The recent publications changed the GC with PM treatment landscape by providing an evidence that CRS and IPC led to prolongation in overall survival （OS）.This review will provide an overview of the evolving role of CRS and IPC in the management of advanced GC with PM in the current era.