Surface and thermal effects on vibration of embedded alumina nanobeams based on novel Timoshenko beam model

This paper deals with the free vibration analysis of circular alumina （Al2O3） nanobeams in the presence of surface and thermal effects resting on a Pasternak foun- dation. The system of motion equations is derived using Hamilton＇s principle under the assumptions of the classical Timoshenko beam theory. The effects of the transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are also considered within the framework of the mentioned theory. The separation of variables approach is employed to discretize the governing equa- tions which are then solved by an analytical method to obtain the natural frequencies of the alumina nanobeams. The results show that the surface effects lead to an increase in the natural frequency of nanobeams as compared with the classical Timoshenko beam model. In addition, for nanobeams with large diameters, the surface effects may increase the natural frequencies by increasing the thermal effects. Moreover, with regard to the Pasternak elastic foundation, the natural frequencies are increased slightly. The results of the present model are compared with the literature, showing that the present model can capture correctly the surface effects in thermal vibration of nanobeams.

Timoshenko beam model for chiral materials

Natural and artificial chiral materials such as deoxyribonucleic acid （DNA）, chromatin fibers, flagellar filaments, chiral nanotubes, and chiral lattice materials widely exist. Due to the chirality of intricately helical or twisted microstructures, such materials hold great promise for use in diverse applications in smart sensors and actuators, force probes in biomedical engineering, structural elements for absorption of microwaves and elastic waves, etc. In this paper, a Timoshenko beam model for chiral materials is developed based on noncentrosymmetric micropolar elasticity theory. The governing equations and boundary conditions for a chiral beam problem are derived using the variational method and Hamilton＇s principle. The static bending and free vibration problem of a chiral beam are investigated using the proposed model. It is found that chirality can significantly affect the mechanical behavior of beams, making materials more flexible compared with nonchiral counterparts, inducing coupled twisting deformation, relatively larger deflection, and lower natural frequency. This study is helpful not only for understanding the mechanical behavior of chiral materials such as DNA and chromatin fibers and characterizing their mechanical properties, but also for the design of hierarchically structured chiral materials.

A new Timoshenko beam model for simulation of mechanical system with large deformation

Beam model has been used widely in computer aided engineering for mechanical systems and the simulation results largely depend on the beam model, there are great demand for beam model with high accuracy and efficiency in simulating the mechanical system with large deformation. In this work, a new model of Timoshenko beam for large deformations is proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency. Absolute nodal coordinate formulation and geometrically-exact beam formulation, which make the model very suitable to simulate large deformation mechanical system, are first combined in the new beam model, the governing equations are then discrete by finite element methods and numerical difficulties are well solved by applying the shape function strategy. The new beam model is then applied to simulate the mechanical systems with large deformation and the simulations based on the traditional beam model and hexahedron element were also carried out to verify the results. The results show that good precision and efficiency in simulating the mechanical systems with large deformation can be obtained by the new Timoshenko beam model at the same time. The presented new method also serves as a good foundation for other simulation of mechanical systems.

Assessment of Timoshenko Beam Models for Vibrational Behavior of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes using Molecular Dynamics

In this paper,we study the flexural vibration behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)for the assessment of Timoshenko beam models.Extensive molecular dynamics(MD)simulations based on second-generation reactive empirical bond-order(REBO)potential and Timoshenko beam modeling are performed to determine the vibration frequencies for SWCNTs with various length-todiameter ratios,boundary conditions,chiral angles and initial strain.The effectiveness of the local and nonlocal Timoshenko beam models in the vibration analysis is assessed using the vibration frequencies of MD simulations as the benchmark.It is shown herein that the Timoshenko beam models with properly chosen parameters are applicable for the vibration analysis of SWCNTs.The simulation results show that the fundamental frequencies are independent of the chiral angles,but the chirality has an appreciable effect on higher vibration frequencies.The SWCNTs is very sensitive to the initial strain even if the strain is extremely small.

基于Timoshenko梁模型的变截面体心立方梯度点阵结构力学特性研究

针对由变截面杆构成的体心立方(Body-Centered Cubic, BCC)梯度点阵结构,推导了BCC线性变截面弯折杆弯矩的分布表达式,应用于Timoshenko梁理论,得到了梯度点阵结构的力学特性参数化理论预测模型;采用六面体实体单元建立了BCC变截面单胞单元和梯度点阵结构的有限元模型,完成了仿真分析,验证了理论预测模型的有效性.对于梯度点阵结构则采用3D打印技术并选择316L金属粉末制备试样,开展了准静态压缩力学试验,同时也完成了同样工况下的有限元仿真分析,验证了Timoshenko梁模型对于长径比10以下梯度点阵结构力学特性研究的适用性,最后通过理论模型讨论了不同长径比、单胞尺寸、单胞数量和梯度方向等各种梯度点阵结构力学特性的变化规律.研究结果表明:对于线性变截面弯折杆,文中所推导的弯矩分布更加精确,能有效降低理论解的误差;采用本文中的理论预测模型,若长径比在3.5~8.7区间内,BCC变截面单胞单元及梯度点阵结构的等效弹性模量解的误差在3%以内.

旋转Timoshenko输流管道的固有频率和稳定性分析

基于Timoshenko梁模型,本文研究了旋转输流管道在自由振动状态下的流固耦合振动特性.考虑流体压力、重力、初始轴应力作用,基于Hamilton原理和欧拉角转换,推导得到了旋转Timoshenko输流管道的偏微分方程.根据Galerkin截断法将运动方程进行离散,通过求解系统的特征方程即得到输流管一阶复频率的实部和虚部,实部代表固有频率,虚部代表能量变化.在流速较高时,研究发现必须考虑4阶及以上Galerkin截断,才能得到稳定的结果.通过与Euler-Bernoulli梁模型对比,验证了本文结果的正确性.研究发现针对短粗型管道,Timoshenko梁模型更加精确.此外研究了多种参数对旋转Timoshenko输流管道固有频率和振动稳定性的影响.研究结果表明质量比、流速、剪切系数对Timoshenko输流管道流固耦合振动的稳定性影响显著,而转动惯量、重力、流体压力和初始轴应力在一定程度上也会影响管道振动的频率和稳定性.转速的出现将管道频率分为两个量值,但转速并不影响系统能量变化.

Dynamic and quasi-static bending of saturated poroelastic Timoshenko cantilever beam

Based on the three-dimensional Gurtin-type variational principle of the incompressible saturated porous media, a one-dimensional mathematical model for dynamics of the saturated poroelastic Timoshenko cantilever beam is established with two assumptions, i.e., the deformation satisfies the classical single phase Timoshenko beam and the movement of the pore fluid is only in the axial direction of the saturated poroelastic beam. Under some special cases, this mathematical model can be degenerated into the Euler-Bernoulli model, the Rayleigh model, and the shear model of the saturated poroelastic beam, respectively. The dynamic and quasi-static behaviors of a saturated poroelastic Timoshenko cantilever beam with an impermeable fixed end and a permeable free end subjected to a step load at its free end are analyzed by the Laplace transform. The variations of the deflections at the beam free end against time are shown in figures. The influences of the interaction coefficient between the pore fluid and the solid skeleton as well as the slenderness ratio of the beam on the dynamic/quasi-static performances of the beam are examined. It is shown that the quasi-static deflections of the saturated poroelastic beam possess a creep behavior similar to that of viscoelastic beams. In dynamic responses, with the increase of the slenderness ratio, the vibration periods and amplitudes of the deflections at the free end increase, and the time needed for deflections approaching to their stationary values also increases. Moreover, with the increase of the interaction coefficient, the vibrations of the beam deflections decay more strongly, and, eventually, the deflections of the saturated poroelastic beam converge to the static deflections of the classic single phase Timoshenko beam.

中低速磁悬浮铁路路基轨道梁计算方法

研究目的:中低速磁悬浮铁路是一种新型交通运输系统,其路基-轨道梁结构对系统的安全性、运行稳定性和乘坐舒适性有重要影响。为简单合理确定车辆荷载作用下路基-轨道梁结构的挠度和内力以便为实际工程设计提供理论依据,基于Winkler弹性地基上的Timoshenko梁模型,建立中低速磁悬浮铁路路基轨道梁计算方法。研究结论:(1)通过拟静力法将车辆动力荷载转换为等效惯性力,结合梁体边界条件,采用Laplace变换方法,推导出了竖向集中荷载作用下轨道基础梁的挠度和内力的计算公式,并通过室内模型试验和现场测试进行了验证;(2)轨道基础梁的挠度和弯矩沿梁体长度均呈中间大、两端小的抛物线型分布模式,二者理论值与试验值的最大误差分别约为10%、5.6%;(3)梁体剪力沿长度呈跨中为零的线性分布,理论值与试验值最大误差约为5%;(4)本文所建立的计算方法可为中低速磁悬浮铁路路基轨道梁的实际工程设计提供参考。

考虑土体剪切与接头剪切效应的盾构隧道纵向变形计算模型

针对紧接盾构隧道或盾构穿切桩基工程中附加外力作用下的盾构隧道纵向非均匀变形和受力问题,利用计算解析方法,将盾构隧道视为置于Pasternak双参数地基上的铁摩辛柯梁,同时引入修正等效连续化模型和传递矩阵法,提出一种新的盾构隧道纵向变形计算模型,并采用室内模型试验的方法进行验证。结果表明:模型试验中,在集中荷载与围压共同作用下,整个隧道处于弹性变形阶段,各环管片收敛变形、拱顶和拱底竖向位移、环缝错台量均随集中荷载的增加而近似线性增大,并以集中荷载为中心沿纵向呈对称分布,变形趋势与计算结果相同,且2种方法下环缝错台量最大相对误差仅为8.75%;2种方法得到的结果在分布特征和量值上基本一致,验证了计算模型的可行性。该计算模型能够反映土弹簧间的剪切作用、收敛变形对隧道纵向变形刚度的影响及接头的非连续性,可对盾构隧道纵向变形和内力进行预测分析,并为紧接盾构隧道工程中既有盾构隧道的安全评估提供理论指导。

基于Kerr地基模型的沉管隧道纵向变形与内力的分析

假定软土地区沉管隧道地基土为三参数Kerr模型,同时沉管隧道管节等效为Timoshenko梁,采用竖向弹簧及旋转弹簧模拟管节接头,建立沉管隧道的简化计算模型。基于Kerr地基上Timoshenko梁理论,推导出沉管隧道整体结构的解析表达式。通过对比基于空间实体有限元的数值模拟结果,合理选取Kerr地基模型中的参数值,然后对Kerr地基模型上土层厚度与压缩模量的敏感性因素进行了分析。结果表明:合理的Kerr地基模型参数使沉管隧道纵向变形结果与实际符合程度好。另外,Kerr地基上土层厚度的增加以及土层压缩模量的减小都会使沉管整体结构纵向变形以及两端弯矩增大。

基于弹性力学第一性原理的数据驱动力学建模

提出了一种基于弹性力学第一性原理的数据驱动力学建模方法,其能够从基于弹性力学方程的数值计算结果建立简洁且能准确捕捉变形机制的力学模型。基于有限元计算得到的高精度数据和无监督数据驱动控制方程识别方法Seq-SVF,从梁的载荷和位移数据中自动识别出了Timoshenko梁形式的弯曲控制微分方程,得到了三种不同加载条件下剪切影响系数关于结构尺寸和力学参数的函数表达式。揭示了经典模型适用的加载条件,同时还给出了一种未发现的新模型。通过将基于弹性力学的第一性原理计算与数据驱动范式相结合,克服了传统建模方法的局限性和对人类经验的强依赖性,为建立简洁的力学模型提供了一种新途径。

轴向运动Timoshenko梁固有频率的求解方法研究

研究两端铰支边界条件下Timoshenko模型轴向运动梁的横向振动问题,分别利用复模态分析方法和Galerkin方法求解系统的固有频率;讨论轴向运动梁前两阶固有频率随轴向运动速度的变化情况;最后给出数值算例,分析复模态分析方法、二阶Galerkin截断和四阶Galerkin截断方法对固有频率结果精确度的影响。

响应耦合子结构法的轴类工件频响函数预测

轴类工件切屑过程中,容易产生颤振影响加工稳定性,快速计算工件频响函数,便能为防止颤振提供依据。由于车削加工工件频繁更换,针对以往测量工件频响函数往往采用锤击法需要重复测量等问题,提出一种改进的子结构划分方法。该方法将主轴-卡盘-工件系统划分为主轴-卡盘-夹持部分、工件悬伸部分,使用子结构响应耦合法(RCSA)、有限差分法、Timoshenko梁模型求取轴类工件任意截面频响函数,并利用该方法探究了尾座对工件频响函数的影响。此划分方法避免了结合面的参数辨识,能够快速方便预测工件任意截面频响函数,与仿真所得频响函数进行对比,预测结果与仿真结果对比误差在5.38%以内,验证了该预测模型的有效性。

Timoshenko模型轴向运动梁的横向振动特性分析

通过对梁微单元体的受力分析,导出Timoshenko模型的轴向运动梁横向振动的运动方程,并利用复模态分析方法及半解析半数值方法,研究两端铰支条件下轴向运动梁横向振动的振动模态及固有频率。文中还讨论运动梁前两阶固有频率随轴向运动速度变化的情况。最后利用数值算例对Timoshenko梁、Euler梁、Rayleigh梁及剪切梁的固有频率进行比较,分析转动惯量及剪切变形的影响。

黏弹性基体中挠曲电Timoshenko纳米梁振动特性分析

以黏弹性基体中的Timoshenko纳米梁为研究对象,综合考虑非局部效应、压电效应和挠曲电效应的影响,基于哈密顿原理建立了系统的振动控制方程和相应的边界条件,给出了两端简支边界条件下挠曲电纳米梁控制方程的求解方法,系统地研究了非局部参数、挠曲电系数以及黏弹性基体对挠曲电纳米梁振动特性的影响规律。结果表明:横向挠曲电系数能显著增加挠曲电纳米梁的结构刚度,而非局部效应和切向挠曲电系数则会降低系统的结构刚度。此外,通过研究黏弹性基体的影响规律,可得到挠曲电纳米梁不再发生往复振动时对应的黏弹性基体临界阻尼系数。相关研究结果可为挠曲电纳米梁在俘能器中的推广应用提供理论基础。

非对称混杂边界轴向运动Timoshenko梁横向振动分析

研究两端带有扭转弹簧且弹簧系数均可任意变化的非对称混杂边界下的轴向运动Timoshenko梁的横向振动.利用非对称混杂边界条件推导对应任意弹簧系数的系统超越方程以及特征函数.运用数值方法计算系统的固有频率及其相应的模态函数,并研究确定梁的刚度、轴向速度以及边界处扭转弹簧的刚度的影响.通过数值算例,比较Timoshenko梁、瑞利梁、剪切梁和欧拉梁的固有频率随轴向速度的变化,分析转动惯量和剪切变形的影响.

开尔文模型粘弹性Timoshenko梁的动力分析与应用

基于Kelvin模型张量形式本构关系导出粘弹性Timoshenko梁自由振动微分方程组,给出两端简支粘弹性梁的固有频率解析解。对粘弹性梁的振动特性进行了分析和比较。以此计算材料开尔文模型粘弹性阻尼系数,结果表明,该方法准确可靠。

一种Timoshenko裂纹梁的静力挠度分析方法

建立了一种Timoshenko裂纹梁的分析模型并且获得了闭合形式的挠度解析解。首先,在一致梁的理论框架下,通过引入δ函数模拟裂纹导致的局部柔度,建立用广义函数表示的Timoshenko裂纹梁的微分控制方程,进而得到挠度的闭合形式的解答;其次,根据线弹性断裂力学理论,利用转角及挠度突变与局部柔度系数的关系,建立Timoshenko裂纹梁的模型参数与裂纹深度的显式表示;最后,通过对裂纹深度与挠度、转角和曲率间关系的分析,总结了结构响应的损伤敏感性及其特征,并且通过与引入裂纹奇异单元的有限元结果进行比较,验证了本文所建分析模型及求解方法的正确性。研究结果表明,本文所建立的Timoshenko裂纹梁的分析模型,具有较高的计算精度和效率,在结构模型修正和损伤识别中具有良好的应用前景。

基于Timoshenko梁模型的车辆-轨道耦合系统垂向随机振动分析

将钢轨视为无限长Timoshenko梁,由两层弹簧阻尼系统连续支撑,在频域建立车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型。提出采用格林函数法求解钢轨运动偏微分方程,可在较宽频域内得到轨道动力响应避免模态截断频率限制,结合车辆方程求解点导纳及传递导纳,运用虚拟激励法将真实轨道谱激励作为系统输入,求解车辆-轨道系统随机振动响应,并将该弹性轨道与传统刚性轨道、简化弹簧轨道模型结果进行对比。研究结果表明,采用格林函数法求解无限长Timoshenko梁弹性轨道模型可快速实现全频域计算,得到轨道系统频率响应特性。利用虚拟激励法及叠加法,可得到轮轨多点接触工况下的车辆与轨道结构随机振动响应。采用刚性轨道结构模型会导致过高估计车辆结构在高频的振动,整个耦合系统振动响应均对速度较敏感。考虑轨道弹性影响的弹性轨道模型更符合实际,采用格林函数法求解轨道模型较为快速精确。

饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁的动、静力弯曲

在经典单相Timoshenko梁变形和孔隙流体仅沿饱和多孔弹性梁轴向运动的假定下,基于不可压饱和多孔介质的三维Gurtin型变分原理,首先建立了饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁动力响应的一维数学模型.在若干特殊情形下,该模型可分别退化为饱和多孔弹性梁的Euler-Bernoulli模型、Rayleigh模型和Shear模型等.其次,利用Laplace变换,分析了固定端不可渗透、自由端可渗透的饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁在自由端阶梯载荷作用下的动静力响应,给出了梁自由端处挠度随时间的响应曲线,考察了固相与流相相互作用系数、梁长细比等参数对悬臂梁动静力行为的影响.结果表明:饱和多孔弹性梁的拟静态挠度具有与粘弹性梁挠度类似的蠕变特征.在动力响应中,随着梁长细比的增大,自由端挠度的振动周期和幅值增大,且趋于稳态值的时间增长,而随着两相相互作用系数的增大,梁挠度振动衰减加快,并最终趋于经典单相弹性Timoshenko梁的静态挠度.