Bending and wave propagation analysis of axially functionally graded beams based on a reformulated strain gradient elasticity theory

A new size-dependent axially functionally graded(AFG) micro-beam model is established with the application of a reformulated strain gradient elasticity theory(RSGET). The new micro-beam model incorporates the strain gradient, velocity gradient,and couple stress effects, and accounts for the material variation along the axial direction of the two-component functionally graded beam. The governing equations and complete boundary conditions of the AFG beam are derived based on Hamilton's principle. The correctness of the current model is verified by comparing the static behavior results of the current model and the finite element model(FEM) at the micro-scale. The influence of material inhomogeneity and size effect on the static and dynamic responses of the AFG beam is studied. The numerical results show that the static and vibration responses predicted by the newly developed model are different from those based on the classical model at the micro-scale. The new model can be applied not only in the optimization of micro acoustic wave devices but also in the design of AFG micro-sensors and micro-actuators.

Nonlinear vibration of embedded single-walled carbon nanotube with geometrical imperfection under harmonic load based on nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory

Based on the nonlocal continuum theory, the nonlinear vibration of an embedded single-walled carbon nanotube （SWCNT） subjected to a harmonic load is in- vestigated. In the present study, the SWCNT is assumed to be a curved beam, which is unlike previous similar work. Firstly, the governing equations of motion are derived by the Hamilton principle, meanwhile, the Galerkin approach is carried out to convert the nonlinear integral-differential equation into a second-order nonlinear ordinary differ- ential equation. Then, the precise integration method based on the local linearzation is appropriately designed for solving the above dynamic equations. Besides, the numerical example is presented, the effects of the nonlocal parameters, the elastic medium constants, the waviness ratios, and the material lengths on the dynamic response are analyzed. The results show that the above mentioned effects have influences on the dynamic behavior of the SWCNT.

Bending of small-scale Timoshenko beams based on the integral/differential nonlocal-micropolar elasticity theory: a finite element approach

A novel size-dependent model is developed herein to study the bending behavior of beam-type micro/nano-structures considering combined effects of nonlocality and micro-rotational degrees of freedom. To accomplish this aim, the micropolar theory is combined with the nonlocal elasticity. To consider the nonlocality, both integral (original) and differential formulations of Eringen’s nonlocal theory are considered. The beams are considered to be Timoshenko-type, and the governing equations are derived in the variational form through Hamilton’s principle. The relations are written in an appropriate matrix-vector representation that can be readily utilized in numerical approaches. A finite element (FE) approach is also proposed for the solution procedure. Parametric studies are conducted to show the simultaneous nonlocal and micropolar effects on the bending response of small-scale beams under different boundary conditions.

Isogeometric analysis of free-form Timoshenko curved beams including the nonlinear effects of large deformations

In the present paper, the isogeometric analysis（IGA） of free-form planar curved beams is formulated based on the nonlinear Timoshenko beam theory to investigate the large deformation of beams with variable curvature. Based on the isoparametric concept, the shape functions of the field variables（displacement and rotation） in a finite element analysis are considered to be the same as the non-uniform rational basis spline（NURBS） basis functions defining the geometry. The validity of the presented formulation is tested in five case studies covering a wide range of engineering curved structures including from straight and constant curvature to variable curvature beams. The nonlinear deformation results obtained by the presented method are compared to well-established benchmark examples and also compared to the results of linear and nonlinear finite element analyses. As the nonlinear load-deflection behavior of Timoshenko beams is the main topic of this article, the results strongly show the applicability of the IGA method to the large deformation analysis of free-form curved beams. Finally, it is interesting to notice that, until very recently, the large deformations analysis of free-form Timoshenko curved beams has not been considered in IGA by researchers.

Bending of functionally graded nanobeams incorporating surface effects based on Timoshenko beam model

The bending responses of functionally graded （FG） nanobeams with simply supported edges are investigated based on Timoshenko beam theory in this article. The Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory is adopted to analyze the influences of surface stress on bending response of FG nanobeam. The material properties are assumed to vary along the thickness of FG nanobeam in power law. The bending governing equations are derived by using the minimum total potential energy principle and explicit formulas are derived for rotation angle and deflection of nanobeams with surface effects. Illustrative examples are implemented to give the bending deformation of FG nanobeam. The influences of the aspect ratio, gradient index, and surface stress on dimensionless deflection are discussed in detail.

FE Modeling and Analysis of Isotropic and Orthotropic Beams Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory

In the present work, a finite element model is developed to analyze the response of isotropic and orthotropic beams, a common structural element for aeronautics and astronautic applications. The assumed field displacements equations of the beams are represented by a first order shear deformation theory, the Timoshenko beam theory. The equations of motion of the beams are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The shear correction factor is used to improve the obtained results. A MATLAB code is constructed to compute the natural frequencies and the static deformations for both types of beams with different boundary conditions. Numerical calculations are carried out to clarify the effects of the thickness-to-length ratio on both the Eigen values and the deflections of the beams due to the applied mechanical load. The obtained results of the proposed model are compared to the available results of other investigators, good agreement is generally obtained.

一种新的计算Timoshenko梁截面剪切系数的方法

Timoshenko梁理论中考虑了截面剪切变形的影响,推导了一种新的计算剪切系数的方法.首先采用悬臂梁纯弯曲变形条件下截面剪应力分布的精确解,基于能量原理得到了各种梁截面剪切系数新的表达式,然后推导了弯扭耦合变形条件下截面剪应力分布的精确解,进一步获得了该条件下截面的剪切系数.结果表明,悬臂梁端面作用力偏离截面的弯曲中心将使剪切系数变小,通过与Cowper计算结果的对比发现结果偏小,其原因是Cowper没有考虑与外力垂直的剪应力的影响,因此新的计算结果更优越.

基于Timoshenko梁理论的薄壁梁弯扭耦合分析

该文主要以截面形心与剪切中心不重合的等截面空间薄壁梁为研究对象。以Timoshenko梁理论和薄壁杆件理论为基础,考虑横向剪切变形以及横向剪力和二次剪应力所产生的翘曲,将转角位移和翘曲位移采取独立插值,利用虚功原理推导出薄壁截面空间梁元的弯扭耦合刚度矩阵。算例表明:所建立的模型具有很好的精度,满足工程应用;当截面有非对称轴时,计算须考虑弯扭耦合的影响。

基于Timoshenko梁理论纤维模型巨型钢框架结构非线性地震反应分析方法

巨型钢框架结构中,组成主结构的杆件截面高度很大,荷载作用下截面剪切变形对杆件承载力和塑性发展的影响不能忽略,即基于弯曲梁理论的截面纤维模型梁柱单元用于此类结构非线性分析时精度并不高。本文基于刚度法将截面纤维模型与Timoshenko梁理论结合,考虑剪切屈服与弯曲屈服相分离建立杆件单元刚度矩阵;通过有限元软件MSC.Marc二次开发,将单元矩阵嵌入到程序中,进行结构的动力非线性分析。采用此单元进行巨型钢框架结构的动力非线性反应分析,可以得到结构中屈服杆件的数量与位置。

黏弹性基体中挠曲电Timoshenko纳米梁振动特性分析

以黏弹性基体中的Timoshenko纳米梁为研究对象,综合考虑非局部效应、压电效应和挠曲电效应的影响,基于哈密顿原理建立了系统的振动控制方程和相应的边界条件,给出了两端简支边界条件下挠曲电纳米梁控制方程的求解方法,系统地研究了非局部参数、挠曲电系数以及黏弹性基体对挠曲电纳米梁振动特性的影响规律。结果表明:横向挠曲电系数能显著增加挠曲电纳米梁的结构刚度,而非局部效应和切向挠曲电系数则会降低系统的结构刚度。此外,通过研究黏弹性基体的影响规律,可得到挠曲电纳米梁不再发生往复振动时对应的黏弹性基体临界阻尼系数。相关研究结果可为挠曲电纳米梁在俘能器中的推广应用提供理论基础。

饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁的动、静力弯曲

在经典单相Timoshenko梁变形和孔隙流体仅沿饱和多孔弹性梁轴向运动的假定下,基于不可压饱和多孔介质的三维Gurtin型变分原理,首先建立了饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁动力响应的一维数学模型.在若干特殊情形下,该模型可分别退化为饱和多孔弹性梁的Euler-Bernoulli模型、Rayleigh模型和Shear模型等.其次,利用Laplace变换,分析了固定端不可渗透、自由端可渗透的饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁在自由端阶梯载荷作用下的动静力响应,给出了梁自由端处挠度随时间的响应曲线,考察了固相与流相相互作用系数、梁长细比等参数对悬臂梁动静力行为的影响.结果表明:饱和多孔弹性梁的拟静态挠度具有与粘弹性梁挠度类似的蠕变特征.在动力响应中,随着梁长细比的增大,自由端挠度的振动周期和幅值增大,且趋于稳态值的时间增长,而随着两相相互作用系数的增大,梁挠度振动衰减加快,并最终趋于经典单相弹性Timoshenko梁的静态挠度.

饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁的非线性变形分析

基于微观不可压饱和多孔介质理论和固相骨架有限变形假定,在孔隙流体仅沿梁轴向扩散的限定下,建立了饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁非线性弯曲变形的数学模型。在此基础上,利用Galerkin截断法,研究了两端可渗透简支饱和多孔Timoshenko梁在突加横向载荷作用下的拟静态弯曲,给出了饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁弯曲时固相挠度、弯矩和孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应。比较了饱和多孔Timoshenko梁和Euler-Ber-noulli梁的非线性弯曲,揭示了他们间的差异,指出Timoshenko梁的挠度始终大于Euler-Bernoulli梁的挠度。但不同于Euler-Bernoulli梁,由于剪切变形产生的附加挠度,当载荷突加于梁时,Timoshenko梁挠度由零突增为非零,且随着时间的增加,其挠度逐渐增大至稳态值。同时,由于孔隙流体压力等效力偶逐渐减小至零,梁骨架逐步承担全部的外载荷。

三维耦合Timoshenko梁功率流主动控制研究

研究了三维耦合梁结构中的功率流传播与主动控制。首先基于Timoshenko梁理论,采用行波方法建立了包含弯曲波、纵波与扭转波的三维耦合梁结构动力学模型,并获得了其精确动力学响应;进一步得到结构中传播的主动功率流,分析了纵波与扭转波对总功率流计算结果的影响;以主动功率流为目标函数,优化得到了最优控制力的大小与相位,然后对结构施加最优控制力,最终实现了三维耦合梁结构的功率流主动控制;进行了数值仿真,结果表明:采用行波方法计算三维耦合梁结构的动力学响应准确可靠;在进行三维耦合梁结构功率流计算时,需考虑纵波和扭转波的影响;包含剪切变形和转动惯量影响的Timoshenko梁模型较Euler-Bernoulli梁模型计算的结果更为精确,且在中、高频段尤为突出;功率流主动控制可以明显降低三维耦合梁结构在频域和空间域中的振动功率流,且最优控制力的微小偏差与误差传感器的位置对控制效果的影响较小。

Timoshenko梁的动力问题探讨——基于回转射线矩阵法的动力响应分析

针对梁结构动力响应计算的精度及适用性问题,以经典Timoshenko梁理论为研究对象,采用回转射线矩阵法对单跨梁、多跨连续梁的动力响应进行计算分析。结果表明,回传射线矩阵法作为一种全新的数学方法,创新性的引入了双坐标系统,从而使得散射矩阵为常数矩阵,避免了数值不稳定问题和超越函数的问题。通过与传递矩阵法计算结果对比,得出的结论是:回传射线矩阵法不仅可以计算梁的自振频率、稳态响应及瞬态响应,还可以计算梁结构在受突加荷载初期的波动响应,可以明确地看到波的传播和反射等现象。这是波动和振动理论上一个突破性的进展。

剪切系数对Timoshenko梁模型影响研究

Timoshenko首次在梁理论中引入剪切系数用于表征梁的剪应力沿截面的变化,剪切系数对于Timoshenko梁建模至关重要,研究剪切系数对Timoshenko梁模型固有特性的影响。首先采用有限元法建立了动力学模型,给出等截面梁和变截面梁刚度矩阵计算方法,然后研究不同剪切系数对梁频率和振型的影响。结果表明,剪切系数会对模型的频率计算结果带来一定影响,但对振型影响很小,采用第二种剪切系数的模型计算精度更高。

Timoshenko悬臂梁自振特性分析的新方法

考虑剪切变形和转动惯量的影响,建立了Timoshenko悬臂梁自由振动分析的哈密顿体系,采用两端边值特征值问题的本征值计数精细积分法,求解其圆频率,分析自振特性。本文以等截面欧拉悬臂梁自由振动为基础,与解析解对比,验证了本文方法的正确性。进而考虑剪切变形和转动惯量的影响,计算了Timoshenko悬臂梁的自振圆频率,分析其自振特性。从算例结果对比可以看出,本文方法简单、实用,具有较高精度。

非线性弹性Timoshenko梁的动力学问题及应用

提出了几何非线物理线性的Timoshenko梁的构造函数,应用Hamilton原理于导出了非线性动力学偏微分-积分方程组。无量纲化后在其平凡解附近展成线性偏微分方程,并以悬臂梁为例与Bernoulli-Euler的初等假设理论进行了比较,讨论了长细比对梁的动力学特性的影响,分析了结构实验动态参数与两种理论值的关系。

转动Timoshenko梁的动力学建模

目前对 Timoshenko 梁的动力学及控制稳定性,人们已做了许多工作,但尚没有一个公认的合理的分布参数模型.分歧主要表现在如何刻画整体转动和弹性变形之间的相互耦合上.本文以转动规范理论为基础,完善地刻画了变形与转动的耦合,确定了转动的 Timo-shenko 梁的精确动力学方程.

变截面修正Timoshenko梁自振频率的回传射线矩阵法分析

考虑剪切变形对转动惯量的影响,对经典Timoshenko梁理论进行修正,并基于回传射线矩阵法,将横截面线性变化的圆台均匀分为多段分段等截面等效梁,推导并求解三种经典边界(两端简支、两端固支、一端固支一端自由)条件下变截面修正Timoshenko梁的自振频率,进一步分析分段数目和梁长度的变化对变截面修正Timoshenko梁自振频率的影响;将计算结果与相同边界条件下经典Timoshenko梁的相应结果进行对比。研究表明:回传射线矩阵法用于分析变截面梁的自振频率时具有良好的计算精度和收敛性;相同边界条件下修正Timoshenko梁的自振频率小于经典Timoshenko梁,且梁越短粗,修正造成的影响(剪切变形对转动惯量的影响)就越大。

超临界轴向运动Timoshenko梁横向受迫振动

研究外部激励作用下,超临界轴向运动Timoshenko梁横向非线性振动的稳态响应。通过对非零平衡位形的坐标变换,从轴向运动Timoshenko梁的横向振动控制方程推导得到超临界速度下受横向外部激励的陀螺系统标准控制方程。运用Galerkin截断法数值研究超临界下轴向运动Timoshenko梁的稳态周期幅频响应关系,并通过与超临界速度下轴向运动Euler-Bernoulli梁的稳态幅频响应曲线进行对比,研究Euler-Bernoulli梁理论的适用范围。