澳大利亚Consolidated Tin Mines获批开发新资源

日前，澳大利亚昆士兰州州政府已经批准该州Consolidated Tin Mines（CTM）公司对Windermere锡项目进行开发，该项目将并入CTM公司位于Caims附近的MtGarnet项目区域范围内。

Mineralogical characterization of tin-polymetallic ore occurred in Mengzi,Yunnan Province,China

A detailed mineralogical characterization of a tin-polymetallic ore from Mengzi,Yunnan Province,China,was undertaken by automated electron microprobe-based mineral mapping and quantitative analysis methods.The results show that the most valuable metal is Sn（0.98%,mass fraction）.The main tin minerals are cassiterite and stannite,which account for 94.90% of total tin.Other metals,such as Cu（0.261%）,Zn（0.612%） and Pb（0.296%） can also be seen as valuable metal to be recovered.Minerals such as pyrrhotite,pyrite,arsenopyrite,sphalerite,galena and chalcopyrite are disseminated in the ore.Quartz,sericite and dolomite are the main gangue.The optimal grinding fineness should be chosen as 0.037 mm to make sure that most of the tin minerals can be liberated from other minerals.

Structural Controls and Predictive Mapping of Tin, Niobium and Tantalum Mineralization Associated with the Mayo Darlé Stanniferous Granitoids;Contributions of Geostatistics

The aim of this study of the spatial dispersion of tin, niobium and tantalum mineralization associated with the Mayo Darlé granitoids was to produce prospecting guides through predictive maps of Sn, Nb and Ta in the region. It was based on a database (in appendix) obtained after analysis of rock samples (greisens and quartz veins) collected in the field, using a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. Two approaches were used: 1) structural studies in the field using the directions of veins and fractures 2) the use of variographic maps, an essential element in geostatistics for determining directional anisotropies. A joint synthesis of the modelling results shows that tin, tantalum and niobium mineralization at Mayo Darlé is concentrated along strike intervals N315E to N320E, with mineralization also occurring along strike N35E for high-grade Sn, medium-grade Ta and low-grade Nb. In short, mineral concentrations disperse progressively in space: positively from east to west for tantalum and niobium, and inversely for tin.

Mineral Geochemical Compositions of Tourmalines and Their Significance in the Gejiu Tin Polymetallic Deposits, Yunnan, China

The Gejiu tin polymetallic deposits are located in the southeastern part of Yunnan Province in China. A detailed electronic microprobe study has been carried out to document geochemical compositions of tourmalines from the deposits. The results indicate a systematic change of mineral geochemical compositions, which might be used as a mineral geochemical tracer for post-magmatic hydrothermal fluid, basin fluid and their mixture. The tourmalines from granite are schori with Fe/ （Fe＋Mg） ratios of 0.912-1.00 and Na/（Na＋Ca） ratios of 0.892-0.981. Tourmalines as an inclusion in quartz from the ore bodies are dravite with Fe/（Fe＋Mg） ratios of 0.212-0.519 and Na/（Na＋Ca） ratios of 0.786--0.997. Tourmalines from the country rocks are dravite with Fe/（Fe＋Mg） ratios of 0.313--0.337 and Na/（Na＋Ca） ratio of 0.599-0.723. Tourmalines from cassiterite-tourmaline veins that occur in crannies within the country rocks show distinct optical zoning with alternate occurrence of dravite and schorl, Fe/（Fe＋Mg）=0.374-0.843, Na/（Na＋Ca）=0.538-0.987. It suggests that schorl in granite and dravite in carbonatite are related to magmatic fluid and basin fluid respectively. When magmatic fluid rose up and entered into crannies of the country rocks, consisting mainly of carbonatite, basin fluid would be constantly added to the magmatic fluid. The two types of fluid were mixed in structural crannies of the sedimentary basin accompanied with periodic geochemical oscillations to form material records in chemical composition zonings of tourmalines.

IN718镍基高温合金熔体脱氮和TiN析出热力学研究

低氮含量可控制TiN夹杂物生成,从而提高镍基高温合金冶金质量和综合性能。通过比较镍基和铁基金属液中标准吉布斯自由能和合金元素对N、Ti活度相互作用系数的差别,指出镍基和铁基中两套不同的热力学数据,二者不能混用。以目前已有的镍基高温合金的热力学参数建立了IN718合金脱氮热力学模型,得出在满足其他冶炼条件的前提下,适当降低温度和提高真空度以降低氮气分压是降低合金液中氮含量的直接手段,以及不同合金元素加入对脱氮的不同影响。同时,建立TiN析出的热力学模型以及偏析模型,计算结果得出,在IN718的生产温度1450℃条件下,控制合金液中的w[N]在43.69×10^(-6)以下,凝固过程中溶质元素N、Ti在液相中富集TiN析出,计算析出温度为1468 K,此时固相分率fs为0.829。若要控制固相分率fs分别在90%或95%以上才会析出TiN夹杂物,w[N]需分别控制在25.00×10^(-6)和15.00×10^(-6)以下。

The Igneous Rock Series and Tin Polymetailic Minerogenetic Series in the Tengchong Area, Yunnan

This paper discusses the late Yanshanian-Himalayan igneous rock series and minerogenetic series (Cheng et al., 1979, 1982) related to tin polymetallic deposits in the Tengchong area. The multi-stage differentiation and evolution of the igneous rock series led to the concentration of metal and ore-forming elements in a cupola of a granite body formed in the late stage. The minerogenetic series shows a zoning of Nb-Ta-W-Sn, Sn-Fe and Sn around the cupola in space and a multi-stage regularity in time. Finally a minerogenetic model and three key factors of tin minerogenesis are put forward for tin polymetallic deposits in the area.

基于机械干态颗粒涂层技术制备cBN@TiN粉体

采用机械干态颗粒涂层技术分别制备了cBN@TiO_(2)(TiO_(2)包覆立方氮化硼)粉体和cBN@(TiO_(2)+C)(TiO_(2)+碳包覆立方氮化硼)粉体,然后在1600℃、N_(2)气氛下进行高温热处理制备cBN@TiN(TiN包覆立方氮化硼)粉体,研究了高温热处理前后粉体的物相组成与微观形貌以及高温反应机理。结果表明:机械干态颗粒涂层技术可以使纳米TiO_(2)和纳米TiO_(2)+C颗粒均匀包裹在cBN颗粒表面。在高温热处理过程中,TiO_(2)与cBN反应生成液相B_(2)O_(3),促进了cBN相变成六方氮化硼(hBN),cBN的高温稳定性差,以cBN@TiO_(2)为原料制备的cBN@TiN粉体颗粒表面形成由TiN相和hBN相组成的片状结构层;当存在碳时,TiO_(2)会优先与碳发生还原反应生成TiN,抑制B_(2)O_(3)的生成,从而降低cBN相变量,此时cBN的高温稳定性好,以cBN@(TiO_(2)+C)为原料制备的cBN@TiN粉体颗粒表面形成主要为TiN相的颗粒结构层。

晶面取向对TiN涂层导电性能的影响研究

目的TiN涂层的晶面择优生长取向对其性能有显著影响,当前TiN涂层晶面取向对其导电性能的影响机理尚未明确。因此,将模拟计算与实验研究相结合,开展晶面取向对涂层导电性能影响的研究。方法采用第一性原理计算研究了晶面取向对TiN表面能、能带结构、态密度、电荷布居及自由电子相对浓度的影响。同时,利用HiPIMS技术实现了不同晶面取向TiN涂层的制备。结果经过理论计算,TiN(200)晶面模型具有更高的自由电子相对浓度,主要是因为(200)晶面模型中,Ti—N键对电子的“束缚”更小。接触电阻测试证明,涂层中的(200)晶面生长取向越明显,涂层的ICR值越低。结论经过理论计算与实验验证表明,TiN涂层中的(200)晶面生长取向有利于提升TiN涂层的导电性能,该取向越明显,涂层的ICR值越低。

镁处理对TiN液析行为的影响

为研究镁处理对钛微合金钢在凝固过程中TiN液析行为的影响,采用真空感应炉冶炼了试验钢.利用SEM-EDS结合图像处理软件,分析铸坯径向不同位置处镁处理钢对比非镁处理钢中夹杂物的成分和尺寸变化,并用FactSage软件对夹杂物的形成和析出进行了计算.结果表明:钢中TiN夹杂均在凝固前沿的液相中生成.氮含量增加,凝固过程中TiN的析出温度升高和析出量增加,并对后续Ti4C2S2和MnS的析出产生影响.非镁处理条件下,铸坯1/4处和中心处TiN夹杂的平均粒径分别为2.48和2.11μm,镁处理后,尺寸分别降为1.50,1.45μm和1.48,1.38μm,数密度也有所增大.添加微量Mg,MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)即可稳定存在于钢中并在钢液降温过程中成为TiN的凝固核心,促使TiN夹杂分布弥散,减少了大尺寸TiN的生成.

不同黏度合成油下CrN/TiN多层薄膜的摩擦学特性研究

目的探究在不同黏度合成酯润滑油的作用下,CrN/TiN多层薄膜的摩擦学性能及协同润滑机制。方法选用聚α烯烃(PAO)与三羟甲基丙烷辛癸酸酯(TME)复配,得到不同黏度梯度的合成油。利用全自动黏度测定仪、倾点测试仪、开口闪点测定器和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分别对合成油的运动黏度(40、100℃)、倾点、闪点和表面官能团进行表征。利用反应磁控溅射技术在316不锈钢和单晶硅片基底表面制备CrN/TiN多层薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪和FIB-TEM表征手段对薄膜的微观结构进行分析,并用纳米压痕仪和划痕仪测试了薄膜的力学性能。利用球-盘式摩擦试验机表征薄膜在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,利用XPS对摩擦实验后的磨痕元素价态进行表征。结果CrN/TiN薄膜具有典型的面心立方结构(FCC)、异质多层结构,且其硬度可达32.2 GPa。在干摩擦条件下,与裸316基体相比,经表面镀制CrN/TiN薄膜后平均摩擦因数由0.95降至0.71,磨损深度由25.0μm降至16.8μm。在合成油作用下,316不锈钢-GCr15钢球(钢-钢摩擦副)、CrN/TiN多层薄膜-GCr15钢球(CrN/TiN多层薄膜-钢摩擦副)2种摩擦配副的摩擦因数和磨损率随着合成油黏度的增加均呈现降低趋势,且在同一黏度条件下薄膜试样的磨损率更低。结论CrN/TiN多层薄膜在PAO与TME复配获得的一系列不同黏度合成油的作用下,随着合成油黏度的增加,薄膜的磨损率和磨损深度逐渐下降,其减摩抗磨性能得到显著提升。通过磨痕表面的XPS分析可知,合成油中极性的酯基吸附在滑动界面,增强了油膜的承载性能,从而减缓了对偶间的摩擦阻力。

Relationship between Crustal Structure and Tin Mineralization in South China

A close relationship between tin metallogenic and crustal structure in South China is demonstrated, which is based on a careful study on crustal structure and a detailed comparison between typical deposits in different tectonic units. Types, locations, emplacement of ore bodies and ore genesis of tin deposits are relative to crustal structure. Tin mineralization zones of South China can be divided into three tin metallogenic units including the west part corresponding to Youjiang fold belt, middle part corresponding to fold belt of Hunan Guangdong Jiangxi provinces and the east part corresponding to Southeast China coastal volcanic faulting depression. From the above, it is concluded that crustal compositions and structures are the main facts of Sn concentration in South China.

Synthesis, Structure, Luminescence and Theoretical Investigations on a New Tin Complex with (2,3-f)-pyrazino(1,10)phenanthroline-2,3-dicarboxylic Acid

A new tin complex Sn（CH3HPPDA）Ch （1） was prepared from SnCh＇5H2O with （2,3-f）-pyrazino（1,10）phenanthroline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid （H2PPDA） by solvothermal reaction in methanol, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, optical absorption spectrum and photoluminescence. Compound 1 crystallizes in a monoclinic centrosymmetric space group of P21/c with a = 12.418（2）, b = 11.9467（12）, c = 15.845（3） A, β= 107.948（7）°, V= 2236.2（6） A3, Z = 4, Mr = 594.78, D, = 1.767 g/cm3, μ= 1.651 mm-1, F（000） = 1160, S= 1.023 and T= 293（2） K. The final R = 0.0847 and wR = 0.2431 for 3144 observed reflections with 1 〉 2σ（I）. The discrete mononuclear Sn（CH3HPPDA）CI4 complex is connected into a supramolecular network of 1 by intramolecular and intermolecular C-H...C1 and intermolecular C-H……O hydrogen bonding interactions. Compound 1 displays fluorescence with a lifetime value of about 7.58 ns in the visible region under visible-light excitation, and the origin of the luminescent emission is primarily assigned to the combination of intraligand charge-transfer of CH3HPPDA and C1-to-CH3HPPDA charge-transfer mechanism which is probed by the density of states （DOS） calculations.

Synthesis,Structure and Characterization of Bis(ethylene-1,2-dithiolate)(μ_(2)-di-2-pyridyl-ketone p-phenyldiamine-N,N')-tin(IV)Dichloromethane

A new mononuclear tin（Ⅳ） complex [Sn（edt）2L]·CH2Cl2 （edt = ethane-1,2-dithiolate, L = di-2-pyridyl-ketone p-phenyldiamine） was obtained by a one-pot reaction which involves in situ formation of a new Schiff-base ligand L. The title compound （C22H24C12N484Sn） crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P211n with a = 13.438（1）, b = 12.2657（10）, c = 17.1477（13） k,, β = 99.323（ 1 ）°, V = 2789.1 （4） A, Z = 4, Mr = 662.28, Dc= 1.577g/cm^3, F（000） = 1328,μ= 1.426 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0450 and wR = 0.1077 for 3868 observed reflections （1 〉 2σ））. In the title compound, Sn^4＋ ion is six-coordinated with four sulfur atoms of two edt ligands and two nitrogen atoms of the ligand di-2-pyridyl-ketone p-phenyldiamine to form a highly distorted octahedron.

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of lead-free cesium tin halide perovskite microplates

Tin halide perovskites recently have attracted extensive research attention due to their similar electronic and band structures but non-toxicity compared with their lead analogues. In this work, we prepare high-quality CsSnX_(3)(X=Br,I) microplates with lateral sizes of around 1–4 μm by chemical vapor deposition and investigate their low-temperature photoluminescence(PL) properties. A remarkable splitting of PL peaks of the CsSnBr_(3)microplate is observed at low temperatures. Besides the possible structural phase transition at below 70 K, the multi-peak fittings using Gauss functions and the power-dependent saturation phenomenon suggest that the PL could also be influenced by the conversion from the emission of bound excitons into free excitons. With the increase of temperature, the peak position shows a blueshift tendency for CsSnI_(3), which is governed by thermal expansion. However, the peak position of the CsSnBr3microplate exhibits a transition from redshift to blueshift at ~160 K. The full width at half maximum of CsSnX_(3)broadens with increasing temperature, and the fitting results imply that longitudinal optical phonons dominate the electron–phonon coupling and the coupling strength is much more robust in CsSnBr3than in CsSnI_(3). The PL intensity of CsSnX_(3)microplates is suppressed due to the enhanced non-radiative relaxation and exciton dissociation competing with radiative recombination. According to the Arrhenius law, the exciton binding energy of CsSnBr_(3)is ~38.4 meV, slightly smaller than that of CsSnI_(3).

真空热处理对不锈钢表面TiN薄膜结构及性能的影响

为提高不锈钢材料在海洋环境中的耐腐蚀能力,采用磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢表面沉积TiN薄膜,并在不同温度下对其进行真空热处理,研究热处理温度对TiN薄膜结构及性能的影响。结果表明:适当的真空热处理可提高304不锈钢表面TiN薄膜的结晶度及致密性,缓解其残余应力。与未处理薄膜相比,500℃真空热处理后薄膜内部应力可降低87%,与基底的结合强度提高78%,其腐蚀电流密度由2.42×10^(-6)A/cm^(2)降低到4.43×10^(-7)A/cm^(2),腐蚀电位由-0.247 V提高到-0.044 V,耐腐蚀性能明显提升。

The Geochemical Characteristics and Minerogenic Model for the Amo Hypothermal Tin Deposit in Ximeng County, Yunnan Province

Through studies on the element geochemistry, alteration of country rocks, ore-forming fluids and isotopegeochemistry of the Arno tin deposit in the metamorphic rocks of the Upper Proterozoic Ximeng Group, theauthors consider that the concentration of the B-F-Li-Rb-Cs-Sn association is related to acidic magmatism inthe study area. The Fe-Mg-Li tourmaline in the ore is the replaced product of the country rocks byhypothermal fluid. The δ^(18)O values of mineral separates are +2.01- +13.16‰ and their δ^(34)S values, +2.6-+7.2‰. The ore-forming materials were derived from hydrothermal fluid of granitic magma. For themineralization, the temperature is 450°-350℃, the pressure, 450-1000×10~5 Pa, and the age, Himalayan(21.5 Ma). According to the geochemical characteristics, a minerogenic model is established: the deposit is ahypothermal cassiterite-quartz vein type tin deposit controlled by the hidden Himalayan granites.

稀土Ce对BT700L钢中TiN夹杂物形成的热力学分析

汽车大梁钢主要用作重卡汽车底盘上的纵梁、衬梁、横梁等结构件,钢的综合性能对整车的行驶安全和使用寿命至关重要。大尺寸的TiN夹杂物严重危害BT700L钢的加工和使用性能,而稀土能够改善钢中夹杂物数量、形态,提高钢的低温冲击、耐腐蚀性能等。文章基于工业试验和热力学计算,研究了稀土Ce对BT700L钢中TiN夹杂物形成的影响。研究结果表明,不加Ce的BT700L钢中形成的主要是纯TiN夹杂物和复合Al-O+TiN夹杂物,而加Ce后BT700L钢中形成的主要是纯TiN夹杂物和复合Ce-Al-O(-S-Ca)+TiN夹杂物。热力学计算结果表明BT700L钢中随Ce含量增加,TiN夹杂物的析出温度会降低,从而抑制了TiN夹杂物的析出。可采取降低钢中氮和钛含量、增大凝固速率等方式降低TiN夹杂物的尺寸。

TiN纳米陶瓷对ZGMn13微观组织和力学性能影响

为细化ZGMn13的组织,并提升其使用效果。采用TiN纳米陶瓷作为添加剂,以ZGMn13为基体材料,采用吹氩法制备了添加TiN纳米陶瓷的ZGMn13试样,并对试样进行了固溶处理;使用扫描电子显微镜观察了TiN纳米陶瓷对ZGMn13试样微观组织的影响;使用布氏硬度、冲击和磨粒磨损等试验设备,对试样的力学性能、摩擦磨损性能进行测试与研究。结果表明:通过吹氩法加入的TiN纳米陶瓷对ZGMn13的晶粒起到了明显的细化作用,同时组织中的连续网状碳化物也被明显地分散和隔断。添加TiN纳米陶瓷的ZGMn13试样的冲击吸收能量和硬度均有所提升。在试验条件下,添加TiN纳米陶瓷的ZGMn13试样的磨损量降低21.1%,耐磨性明显提高,摩擦磨损性能得到改善。

A new approach for recycling arsenic and tin from low-grade tin middlings using a self-sulfurization roasting

Massive amounts of low-grade tin middlings have been produced from tin tailings,in which arsenic and tin are worthy to be recycled.Owing to high sulfur content in these tin middlings,a novel self-sulfurization roasting was proposed to transform,separate and recover arsenic and tin in this research.There was no extra curing agent to be added,which decreased the formation of pollutant S-containing gas.The self-sulfurization process involved a two-stage roasting of reduction followed by sulfurization.First in reduction roasting,FeAsS decomposed to FeS and As and the As then transformed to As_(4)(g)and As_(4)S_(4)(g),via which the arsenic was separated and recovered.The arsenic content in the first residue could be decreased to 0.72 wt.%.Accompanied with it,the FeS was firstly oxidized to Fe_(1−x)S and then to SO_(2)(g)by the coexisted Fe_(2)O_(3),and finally reduced and combined with the independent Fe_(2)O_(3)to form Fe_(1−x)S.In the followed sulfurization roasting,the Fe_(1−x)S sulfurized SnO_(2)to SnS(g),due to which tin could be recovered and its content in the second residue decreased to 0.01 wt.%.This study provided an efficient method to separate and recover arsenic and tin from low-grade tin middlings.

Impact of strain relaxation on the growth rate of heteroepitaxial germanium tin binary alloy

The growth of high-quality germanium tin(Ge_(1–y)Sn_(y))binary alloys on a Si substrate using chemical vapor deposition(CVD)techniques holds immense potential for advancing electronics and optoelectronics applications,including the development of efficient and low-cost mid-infrared detectors and light sources.However,achieving precise control over the Sn concentration and strain relaxation of the Ge_(1–y)Sn_(y)epilayer,which directly influence its optical and electrical properties,remain a significant challenge.In this research,the effect of strain relaxation on the growth rate of Ge_(1–y)Sn_(y)epilayers,with Sn concentration>11at.%,is investigated.It is successfully demonstrated that the growth rate slows down by~55%due to strain relaxation after passing its critical thickness,which suggests a reduction in the incorporation of Ge into Ge_(1–y)Sn_(y)growing layers.Despite the increase in Sn concentration as a result of the decrease in the growth rate,it has been found that the Sn incorporation rate into Ge_(1–y)Sn_(y)growing layers has also decreased due to strain relaxation.Such valuable insights could offer a foundation for the development of innovative growth techniques aimed at achieving high-quality Ge_(1–y)Sn_(y)epilayers with tuned Sn concentration and strain relaxation.