Hippocampal Neuron-Derived Extracellular Matrix Coated Nanofibrous Scaffold for Neural Tissue Engineering

The aim of this study is to prepare poly-L-lactide(PLLA)electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds coated with hippocampal neuron-derived extracellular matrix(N-ECM)and construct a novel neural tissue engineering scaffold.Neonatal rat hippocampal neurons were seeded on PLLA nanofibers,and then decellularized to derive a cell-free extracellular matrix loaded N-ECM/PLLA modified scaffolds.The morphology and ingredients of N-ECM/PLLA were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and immunofluorescence staining respectively,and the cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds was characterized by cell count kit-8(CCK-8)assay.The N-ECM was clearly identified loading on scaffolds when being imaged via SEM and immunofluorescence staining results showed that the N-ECM was made up of fibronectin and laminin.Most importantly,compared with tissue culture polystyrene and pure scaffolds,N-ECM/PLLA scaffolds could effectively facilitate the proliferation of rat adrenal neuroma cells(PC12 cells),indicating their better cell compatibilities.Based on the combination of N-ECM and PLLA biomaterials,the present study has fabricated a unique and versatile neural tissue engineering scaffold,offering a new thought for future neural tissue engineering.

The Effects of Extracellular Matrix on Tissue Engineering Construction of Cartilage in Vitro

The effects of various cartilage extracellular matrix on the construction of rabbit growth plate cartilage tissue in vitro were studied. The results show that collagen, proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid can promote the growth of cultured chondrocytes but the effects of various cartilage extracellular matrix(ECM)on chondrocyte differentiation are different. Collagen can promote the hypertrophy of chondrocytes while proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid inhibit the transition of mature chondrocytes into hypertrophied chondrocytes.

Extracellular matrix based biomaterials for central nervous system tissue repair: the benefits and drawbacks

Functional repair of injured tissue in the adult central nervous system （CNS） still remains a big challenge for current biomed- ical research and its upcoming clinical translation. The axonal regeneration of the adult CNS is generally low, and it is addi- tionally restricted after injury by the presence of inhibitory mol- ecules, generated by the glial scar.

Smart scaffolds in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review of literature

AIM: To improve osteogenic differentiation and attachment of cells.METHODS: An electronic search was conducted inPub Med from January 2004 to December 2013. Studies which performed smart modifications on conventional bone scaffold materials were included. Scaffolds with controlled release or encapsulation of bioactive molecules were not included. Experiments which did not investigate response of cells toward the scaffold(cell attachment, proliferation or osteoblastic differentiation) were excluded. RESULTS: Among 1458 studies, 38 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main scaffold varied extensively among the included studies. Smart modifications included addition of growth factors(group Ⅰ-11 studies), extracellular matrix-like molecules(group Ⅱ-13 studies) and nanoparticles(nano-HA)(group Ⅲ-17 studies). In all groups, surface coating was the most commonly applied approach for smart modification of scaffolds. In group I, bone morphogenetic proteins were mainly used as growth factor stabilized on polycaprolactone(PCL). In group Ⅱ, collagen 1 in combination with PCL, hydroxyapatite(HA) and tricalcium phosphate were the most frequent scaffolds used. In the third group, nano-HA with PCL and chitosan were used the most. As variable methods were used, a thorough and comprehensible compare between the results and approaches was unattainable.CONCLUSION: Regarding the variability in methodology of these in vitro studies it was demonstrated that smart modification of scaffolds can improve tissue properties.

A review on biocompatibility nature of hydrogels with 3D printing techniques,tissue engineering application and its future prospective

Recently,tissue engineering (TE)is one of the fast growing research fields due the accessibility of extra-molecular matrix (ECM)at cellular and molecular level with valuable potential prospective of hydrogels.The enhancement in the production of hydrogel-based cellular scaffolds with the structural composition of ECM has been accelerated with involvement of rapid prototyping techniques.Basically,the recreation of ECM has been derived from naturally existed or synthetic hydrogelbased polymers.The rapid utilization of hydrogels in TE puts forward the scope of bioprinfing for the fabrication of the functional biological tissues,cartilage,skin and artificial organs.The main focus of the researchers is on biofabrication of the biomaterials with maintaining the biocompatibility,biodegradability and increasing growth efficiency.In this review, biological development in the structure and cross-linking connections of natural or synthetic hydrogels are discussed.The methods and design criteria that influence the chemical and mechanical properties and interaction of seeding cells before and after the implantations are also demonstrated.The methodology of bioprinting techniques along with recent development has also been reviewed.In the end,some capabilities and shortcomings are pointed out for further development of hydrogels-based scaffolds and selection of bioprinting technology depending on their application.

Biocompatibility Evaluation of Vessel Extracellular Matrix as a Matrix for Urethral Reconstruction

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of vessel extracellular matrix （VECM） from rabbit and to discuss the feasibility of vessel extracellular matrix as a matrix for urethral reconstruction. Primary cultured bladder smooth muscle cells isolated from New Zealand rabbits were implanted on VECM .The effects of VECM on rabbit bladder smooth muscle cells （RBSMCs） metabolic activity, attachment, proliferation were monitored in vitro with the aid of an inverted light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The cell viability was monitored by MTT（methythiazolye tetrazolium bromide） after 1, 3, 5 days seeding. The in vivo tissue response to VECM was investigated by implanting them into the subcutaneous of rabbits. VECM exhibited a nontoxic and bioactive effect on RBSMCs. RBSMCs could be attached to and proliferated on VECM and maintained their morphologies. MTT assay showed RBSMCs cultured with the extracts of VECM were not significantly different from those of negative controls. In vivo, VECM demonstrated a favorable tissue compatibility without tissue necrosis, fibrosis and other abnormal response. VECM exhibited nontoxic and bioactive effects on RBSMC. It is a suitable material for urethral reconstruction.

Nanofibrous Scaffold Containing Osteoblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix for the Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Extracellular matrix( ECM) plays a prominent role in establishing and maintaining an appropriate microenvironment for tissue regeneration. The aims of this study were to construct a tissue engineered scaffold by reconstituting osteoblast cell-derived ECM( O-ECM) on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold,and further to evaluate its subsequent application for promoting the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs). To engineer a biomimetic scaffold, calvarial osteoblasts and electrospun poly-llactic acid( PLLA) nanofibers were prepared and subjected to decellularize for O-ECM deposition. To evaluate and characterize the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold, the morphology was examined and several specific mark proteins of osteoblasts matrix were evaluated.Furthermore,the cell counting kit-8( CCK-8) assay was used to detect the proliferation of the BMSCs cultivated on the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold. The results indicated O-ECM/PLLA scaffold was loaded with Collagen I, Fibronectin, and Laminin, as the composition of the marrow ECM. After decellularization,O-ECM deposition was observed in O-ECM/PLLA scaffold. Moreover,the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold could significantly enhance the proliferation of BMSCs,suggesting better cytocompatibility compared to the other groups tested. Taken together,a biomimetic scaffold based on the joint use of O-ECM and PLLA biomaterials,which represents a promising approach to bone tissue engineering, facilitates the expansion of BMSCs in vitro.

Peripheral nerve allograft prepared by an acellular,hypotonic tissue engineering method

BACKGROUND：Tissue engineered acellular nerves are good autologous nerve substitutes. Acellular peripheral nerves prepared using a conventional chemical extraction method cause a great deal of damage to nerve structures, and the allograff affects the nerve regeneration following transplantation.OBJECTIVE：To prepare peripheral nerve grafts through an acellular tissue engineering method, and observe their histology, ultrastructure, protein components and histocompatibility.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A randomized, controlled, in vivo nerve tissue engineering experiment was performed at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, China, from September 2006 to June 2007.MATERIALS：Triton X-100, Pepstatin A, Aprotinin and Leupeptin were purchased from Sigma, USA; Tris （hydroxymethyl） aminomethane was purchased from Gibco, USA.METHODS：The bilateral sciatic nerves of Wistar rats were harvested, treated with 0.05 mol/L Tris-HCI buffer, followed by proteinase inhibitor and Triton X-100 to prepare acellular peripheral nerves. The nerves were implanted in the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy Wistar rats.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：Tissue structure and ultrastructure of acellular peripheral nerves were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Growth associated proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nerve allograft and the surrounding muscles were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS：Acellular treatment eliminated Schwann cells, epineurium or perineurium cells, myelin sheaths and axons of nerve fibers in normal peripheral nerves, while the spatial structure, comprising basement membrane tubes of Schwann cells and the extracellular matrix of perineurium and nerve fascicles was maintained. Protein bands at the region of 30 kD were no longer visible, had slightly decreased at 43 kD and remained unchanged at 65 kD. Following implantation for 7 days, epineurium cells were absorbed. However, increased fibroblasts, decreased newly-generated capillaries and maturation of granulation tissue were observed.CONCLUSION：The acellular nerve allograft prepared through the use of a hypotonic, acellular method displays good histocompatibility, eliminates immune substances and retains growth associated proteins that induce the growth of the neural axis. In addition, this method provides an ideal scaffold to construct artificial nerves.

Decellularized extracellular matrix-based composite scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Despite the considerable advancements in fabricating polymeric-based scaffolds for tissue engineering,the clinical transformation of these scaffolds remained a big challenge because of the difficulty of simulating native organs/tissues'microenvironment.As a kind of natural tissue-derived biomaterials,decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)-based scaffolds have gained attention due to their unique biomimetic properties,providing a specific microenvironment suitable for promoting cell proliferation,migration,attachment and regulating differentiation.The medical applications of dECM-based scaffolds have addressed critical challenges,including poor mechanical strength and insufficient stability.For promoting the reconstruction of damaged tissues or organs,dif-ferent types of dECM-based composite platforms have been designed to mimic tissue microenvironment,including by integrating with natural polymer or/and syntenic polymer or adding bioactive factors.In this review,we summarized the research progress of dECM-based composite scaffolds in regenerative medicine,highlighting the critical challenges and future perspectives related to the medical application of these composite materials。

Decellularised extracellular matrix-based injectable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications

Decellularised extracellular matrix(dECM)is a biomaterial derived from natural tissues that has attracted considerable attention from tissue engineering researchers due to its exceptional biocompatibility and malleability attributes.These advantageous properties often facilitate natural cell infiltration and tissue reconstruction for regenerative medicine.Due to their excellent fluidity,the injectable hydrogels can be administered in a liquid state and subsequently formed into a gel state in vivo,stabilising the target area and serving in a variety of ways,such as support,repair,and drug release functions.Thus,dECM-based injectable hydrogels have broad prospects for application in complex organ structures and various tissue injury models.This review focuses on exploring research advances in dECM-based injectable hydrogels,primarily focusing on the applications and prospects of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering.Initially,the recent developments of the dECM-based injectable hydrogels are explained,summarising the different preparation methods with the evaluation of injectable hydrogel properties.Furthermore,some specific examples of the applicability of dECM-based injectable hydrogels are presented.Finally,we summarise the article with interesting prospects and challenges of dECM-based injectable hydrogels,providing insights into the development of these composites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质复合外泌体构建组织工程尿道

背景:小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质已被临床与基础研究证实可用于尿道的修复重建,但其单独应用时存在宿主细胞生长缓慢、支架血管化不足而成活困难、重建尿道狭窄梗阻等问题,仅适用于较短的尿道狭窄。目的:探讨应用小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质复合外泌体构建组织工程尿道的可行性。方法:从新西兰大白兔骨髓间充质干细胞中分离提取外泌体;制备猪小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,将外泌体负载于小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质上。将小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体(PKH26染料标记)复合物与脐静脉内皮细胞共培养12 h,观察细胞摄取外泌体情况。选取生长状态良好的脐静脉内皮细胞,分3组培养:空白组常规培养,对照组加入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,实验组加入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体复合物,通过划痕实验、成管实验、血管生成因子分泌检测评估血管生成情况。取30只新西兰大白兔,建立长段(3 cm)尿道缺损模型,采用随机数字表法分3组干预(n=10):单独材料组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,对照组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-骨髓间充质干细胞复合物,实验组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体复合物,植入后12周进行尿道造影、尿动力学检查及重建尿道切片病理观察。结果与结论:(1)荧光显微镜下可见小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质中的外泌体可被脐静脉内皮细胞摄取。(2)与空白组、对照组相比,实验组材料可促进脐静脉内皮细胞的迁移、成血管能力以及成血管因子血管内皮生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、白细胞介素8的分泌(P <0.05)。(3)尿道造影结果显示,单独材料组10只兔均出现尿道狭窄,对照组10只兔中2只出现尿道狭窄,实验组10只兔均未出现尿道狭窄。尿动力检查结果显示,单独材料组兔材料植入后12周的最大尿道压高于术前(P <0.05),对照组、实验组兔植入后12周的最大尿道压均低于空白组(P <0.05)。苏木精-伊红、Masson与免疫组化染色显示,单独材料组可见明显的再生上皮层、少量的皮下平滑肌与血管,以纤维组织增生为主,伴有明显炎性细胞浸润;对照组可见较完整的再生上皮与少量胶原,可见大量的皮下血管与平滑肌,伴有炎性细胞浸润;实验组可见完整的再生上皮层与大量的皮下血管、平滑肌,未见明显炎性细胞浸润,实验组AE1/AE3、ɑ-平滑肌肌动蛋白、CD31阳性表达均高于单独材料组、对照组(P <0.05)。(4)结果表明,小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体组织工程尿道可通过促进血管生成来修复尿道缺损。

细胞外基质硬度对肿瘤进展的影响及治疗策略

背景:细胞外基质是一个复杂的网络结构,不仅为组织构建提供了物理支撑,还在细胞的生存、增殖、分化、死亡等过程中发挥着重要调控作用。细胞外基质生物化学和生物力学性质的异常改变会显著影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、免疫逃逸及治疗抵抗等行为。硬度是细胞外基质的重要力学特性,基质硬度的异常与肿瘤进展紧密相关。目的:通过梳理近年来关于细胞外基质硬化的机制、高硬度基质对肿瘤进展的影响以及降低基质硬度治疗癌症等方面的最新研究进展,深化对细胞外基质力学特性的理解,提升对肿瘤进展复杂机制的认识,为肿瘤治疗提供新的思路和方向。方法:以“细胞外基质功能,细胞外基质硬度,胶原蛋白沉积交联,细胞外基质僵硬治疗,免疫治疗”为中文检索词,以“extracellular matrix function,extracellular matrix stiffness,collagen deposition cross-linking,extracellular matrix stiffness therapy,immunotherapy”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、PubMed数据库、万方数据库2016年1月至2024年6月发表的相关文献,最终纳入80篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:①细胞外基质中胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的沉积和过度交联导致基质重塑,进而增加基质硬度,这种硬化激活了cyclin-D1、Rho/ROCK、p-PXN-Rac1-YAP、STAT3/p-STAT3等促癌信号通路,促进了癌细胞的增殖、转移、肿瘤微血管生成及免疫逃逸等恶性行为,加速了肿瘤的进展;②减少基质蛋白的沉积和交联可以降低基质硬度,不仅可以抑制多种促癌信号通路的活化,还能够增强药物在肿瘤部位的渗透和递送,是癌症治疗的新策略;③目前,基于基质降解以降低肿瘤硬度的药物正在研发中,少数药物已进入临床试验阶段,有望为肿瘤治疗提供新的有力武器。

自制NECM修复兔耳廓软骨缺损的试验研究

目的本研究的目的在于评价自制同种异体天然细胞外基质(NatureExtracellularMatrix,NECM)在修复兔耳廓软骨缺损中的价值,从而在体外研究的基础上进一步证实我们采用的去污剂-酶四步法制作的NECM在组织工程学中的可行性。方法选用10只新西兰大白兔,于其双耳廓制造1郾0×1郾0cm大小的软骨缺损后,分别作以下研究①灰兔NECM修复兔耳廓缺损。②灰兔NECM复合软骨膜修复兔耳廓缺损;③不植任何材料的空白对照。术后4、6、12、24周取材并行组织学检查。结果NECM植入后4、6周有轻重不一的炎症反应,第12周炎症反应消失,NECM周边无包裹现象。第12周时NECM复合软骨膜组有软骨膜细胞长入NECM,此时的软骨膜细胞多处于增殖期,24周时软骨膜细胞继续增殖分化细胞逐渐长入NECM深部,且部分软骨膜细胞发育成熟。单纯NECM修复组,第6周出现纤维结缔组织长入NECM,12、24周纤维结缔组织逐渐长入NECM深部,并逐渐取代NECM。结论①NECM可诱导软骨膜细胞增殖分化生长,修复软骨缺损;②NECM具有较好的组织亲和性和相容性;③软骨膜细胞可以作为NECM再生软骨的种子细胞的来源;④软骨膜可以阻止纤维结缔组织侵入修复区NECM。

组织工程技术修复颞下颌关节:问题与挑战

背景:颞下颌关节疾病的传统疗法受限于疾病严重程度和个体差异。相比之下,组织工程作为一种新兴治疗方法,可以根据患者具体情况定制个性化治疗方案,减少手术过程中的不确定性,提高治疗效果。目的:综述组织工程修复颞下颌关节的最新研究成果和进展。方法:以“颞下颌关节,组织工程,种子细胞,支架,生长因子,动物模型”为中文检索词,以“temporomandibular joint,tissue engineering,seed cell,scaffold,growth factor,animal model”为英文检索词,分别在PubMed数据库和中国知网进行文献检索,检索时限为各数据库建库时间至2024年3月。通过分析和阅读文献进行筛选,按照排除筛选标准纳入文献,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)随着生物学、材料学与工程学等技术的发展,颞下颌关节组织工程己取得较大进展,例如种子细胞的筛选、新型支架的开发、生长因子作用机制的探索、多种动物模型的构建等,目前大多数研究尚处于体外实验阶段,动物实验等体内研究尚未大规模开展,组织工程修复颞下颌关节的临床应用还需更多证据支持。(2)尽管颞下颌关节组织工程研究仍存在许多问题和挑战等待解决,依然展现出广阔的临床应用前景,有望在将来成为颞下颌关节疾病出色高效的治疗方式。

猪小肠与犬食管脱细胞基质(ECM)构建组织工程化人工食管的比较研究

背景骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)具有多向分化潜能,来源广泛、分离方便、增殖迅速,是目前公认的组织工程最佳种子细胞;脱细胞基质膜(ECM)有良好的组织相容性,充足的孔隙率,利于种子细胞的附着、增殖,并诱导细胞沿"模具"的性状生长、分化,是组织工程的理想支架材料。目的为比较研究骨髓间充质干细胞在体外在不同的支架材料上复合生长情况,分别与猪小肠脱细胞基质(IECM);犬自体食管脱细胞基质(EECM)和人工补片(ePTFE)做对比研究。方法使用物理方法和化学方法制备ECM,扫描电镜观察其表面结构。体外提取分离培养犬骨髓间充质干细胞,做流式细胞学鉴定后,取第三代BMSCs分别与IECM、EECM、ePTFE复合培养,HE染色和扫描电镜观察。结果 ECM为白色菲薄,半透明的膜状物,扫描电镜可见其清晰的纤维网状结构,具有良好的立体三维空间结构,并且之间相互连通。BMSCs经流式细胞学鉴定CD29、CD44、CD90、CD105表达率几乎100%,而CD34、CD45几乎不表达。BMSCs与载体支架复合培养15d后,做HE染色切片观察,细胞与IECM、EECM复合生长率良好,与ePTFE较差。结论复合培养后的IECM组与EECM组生物性状较为接近,同时IECM的来源更加广泛,是组织工程化人工食管支架材料的更好选择。

Porcine vesical acellular matrix graft of tunica albuginea for penile reconstruction

Aim： To characterize the feasibility of the surgical replacement of the penile tunica albuginea （TA） and to evaluate the value of a porcine bladder acellular matrix （BAM） graft. Methods： Acellular matrices were constructed from pigs＇ bladders by cell lysis, and then examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Expression levels of the mRNA of the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） receptor, fibroblast growth factor （FGF）-1 receptor, neuregulin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the acellular matrix and submucosa of the pigs＇ bladders were determined through the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. A 5 mm× 5 mm square was excised from the penile TA of nine rabbits. The defective TA was then covered in porcine BAM. Equal numbers of animals were sacrificed and histochemically examined at 2, 4 and 6 months after implantation. Results： SEM of the BAM showed collagen fibers with many pores. VEGF receptor, FGF-1 receptor and neuregulin mRNA were expressed in the porcine BAM; BDNF mRNA was not detected. Two months after implantation, the graft sites exhibited excellent healing without contracture, and the fusion between the graft and the neighboring normal TA appeared to be well established. There were no significant histological differences between the implanted tunica and the normal control tunica at 6 months after implantation. Conclusion： The porcine BAM graft resulted in a structure which was sufficiently like that of the normal TA. This implantation might be considered applicable to the reconstruction of the TA in conditions such as trauma or Peyronie＇s disease.

Growth factor delivery using extracellular matrix-mimicking substrates for musculoskeletal tissue engineering and repair

Therapeutic approaches for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration commonly employ growth factors(GFs)to influence neighboring cells and promote migration,proliferation,or differentiation.Despite promising results in preclinical models,the use of inductive biomacromolecules has achieved limited success in translation to the clinic.The field has yet to sufficiently overcome substantial hurdles such as poor spatiotemporal control and supraphysiological dosages,which commonly result in detrimental side effects.Physiological presentation and retention of biomacromolecules is regulated by the extracellular matrix(ECM),which acts as a reservoir for GFs via electrostatic interactions.Advances in the manipulation of extracellular proteins,decellularized tissues,and synthetic ECM-mimetic applications across a range of biomaterials have increased the ability to direct the presentation of GFs.Successful application of biomaterial technologies utilizing ECM mimetics increases tissue regeneration without the reliance on supraphysiological doses of inductive biomacromolecules.This review describes recent strategies to manage GF presentation using ECM-mimetic substrates for the regeneration of bone,cartilage,and muscle.

Liver bioengineering:Current status and future perspectives

The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical purposes.There are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and regeneration.The first consists of creating a supporting scaffold,either synthetically or by decellularization of human or animal organs,and seeding cells on the scaffold,where they will mature either in bioreactors or in vivo.This strategy seems to offer the quickest route to clinical translation,as demonstrated by the development of liver organoids from rodent livers which were repopulated with organ specific cells of animal and/or human origin.Liver bioengineering has potential for transplantation and for toxicity testing during preclinical drug development.The second possibility is to induce liver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipulating cell pathways.In fact,it is well known that the liver has peculiar regenerative potential which allows hepatocyte hyperplasia after amputation of liver volume.Infusion of autologous bone marrow cells,which aids in liver regeneration,into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their clinical condition,but the specific cells responsible for liver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.A complete understanding of the cell pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of liver stem cell niche is necessary for the clinical translation of regenerative medicine strategies.As well,it will be crucial to elucidate the mechanisms through which cells interact with the extracellular matrix,and how this latter supports and drives cell fate.

CorMatrix在心脏外科中的应用

小肠黏膜下层细胞外基质(small intestinal submucosal extracellular matrix,SIS-ECM)作为组织修复支架被广泛应用于临床,CorMatrix作为其中一种衍生材料应用于心脏手术。相对其他新型组织替代物,CorMatrix因其易于使用、可重构性、无免疫原性、可吸收性以及促进本体组织生长的潜力,在心血管组织工程中得到了广泛认可。本文就CorMatrix的特性、在心脏外科中的应用进行综述,以期提高对该种材料的临床认识。

生物医用支架仿生设计及在组织工程中的应用

背景:基于解剖学对生物组织功能与结构的认识,对于具有恢复、维持或改善组织功能的生物活性材料仿生设计是目前再生医学领域研究的热点。目的:从生物医用支架的机械性能、三维空间结构和生化活性对细胞行为的影响进行讨论,并综述生物医用支架在组织工程领域的应用。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed数据库2003年1月至2023年4月发表的文献,中文检索词为“细胞外基质,组织工程,支架,生物材料,仿生结构,机械性能,三维结构,腱骨界面,骨软骨,神经导管,人造血管”;英文检索词为“extracellular matrix,tissue engineering,scaffolds,biomimetic structures,biomaterials,tendon bone interfaces,osteochondral,neural conduits,artificial blood vessels”。结果与结论:细胞处在一个复杂且动态变化的三维环境中,因此细胞外基质是生物材料模拟的最终目标,在设计生物医用支架的仿生结构时需要与其所处真实的微环境相似,让细胞可以正常地贴壁、生长和迁移,并保持其多样的生理功能。生物医用支架在机械性能、三维空间结构以及生物化学性质方面对细胞外基质的仿生设计可以对组织修复过程中的细胞起到决定性作用,从而影响组织修复最后的结果。进行仿生设计的生物医用支架在腱骨界面、骨软骨界面、神经、血管再生等领域已有广泛的应用,在临床上提供了一个有前途的新思路。