Microstructure and Growth Kinetics of Silicide Coatings for TiAl Alloy

In order to improve the oxidation resistance of Ti Al alloy, silicide coatings were prepared by pack cementation method at 1273, 1323, and 1373 K for 1-3 hours. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） were employed to investigate the microstructures and phase constitutions of the coatings. The experimental results show that all silicon deposition coatings have multi-layer structure. The microstructure and composition of silicide coatings strongly depend on siliconizing temperatures. In order to investigate the rate controlling step of pack siliconizing on Ti Al alloy, coating growth kinetics was analyzed by measuring the mass gains per unit area of silicided samples as a function of time and temperature. The results showed that the rate controlling step was gas-phase diffusion step and the growth rate constant（k） ranged from 1.53 mg^2/（cm^4·h^2） to 2.3 mg^2/（cm^4·h^2）. Activation energy（Q） for the process was calculated as 109 k J/mol, determined by Arrhenius＇ equation： k = k0 exp[–Q/（RT）].

Immobilization of TiO_2 nanoparticles on activated carbon fiber and its photodegradation performance for organic pollutants

The immobilization of titanium dioxide （TiO2） on activated carbon fiber （ACF）, （TiO2/ACF）, was accomplished by sol-gel-adsorption method followed by calcination at temperatures varying from 300 to 600℃ in an argon atmosphere. The material properties were determined by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and nitrogen adsorption. The photodegradation behavior of TiO2 /ACF was investigated in aqueous solutions using phenol and methyl orange （MO） as target pollutants. The effects of calcination temperature, photocatalyst dosage, initial solution pH and radiation time on the degradation of organic pollutants were studied. It was found that organic pollutants could be removed rapidly from water by the TiO2/ACF photocatalyst and the sample calcined at 500℃ exhibited the highest removal efficiency. Kinetics analysis showed that the photocatalytic degradation reaction can be described by a first-order rate equation. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the photocatalyst was also confirmed. Moreover, TiO2 is tightly bound to ACF and can be easily handled and recovered from water. It can therefore be potentially applied for the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants.

Liquid phase heterogeneous photocatalytic ozonation of phenol in liquid-solid fluidized bed:Simplified kinetic modeling

The isotherms of original AC （activated carbon） and photocatalysts （TiO2-AC） calcined at 500 ℃ for phenol were measured. The results showed a reversible adsorption of phenol onto both kinds of particles at 25 ℃, and could be fitted well to the Freundlich adsorption equation for the dilute solution. Five oxidation processes, namely O3, O3 [UV, O3/UV/AC, O2/UV/TiO2 and O3/UV/TiO2, for phenol degradation in fluidized bed were evaluated and compared, and the photocatalytic ozonation was found to give the highest phenol conversion because of the combined actions of homogenous ozonafion in the liquid phase, heterogeneous ozonation on the surface of the catalyst support, i.e. activated carbon, and heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation on the TiO2 catalyst surface. With the simplified kinetic model, photolytic ozonation was confirmed to predominantly take place on the particle surface in comparison with the heterogeneous and homogeneous photolytic ozonation. Additionally, the heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation constant was found to be enhanced by 3.73 times in photocatlaytic ozonation process with ozone as the scavenger compared to the photocatalytic oxidation process with oxygen as the scavenger.

PREPARATION OF TiO_2 PHOTOCATALYST ANCHORED ON ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS AND ITS PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE

TiO2 particulate photocatalyst anchored on activated carbon fibers (ACFs) was prepared by a molecular adsorption-deposition method. The TiO2 particles deposited on the carbon fibers formed a coating of about 100 nm in thickness. The photocatalyst prepared was characterized by means of SEM, EDS, XRD and UV-vis adsorption spec-troscopy. Anatase-type TiO2 was uniquely developed, and the micrographic structure of ACFs was not damaged during preparation. The roomy space between adjacent carbon fibers could allow UV-light to penetrate into the felt-form photocatalyst to a certain depth, so that a three dimensional environment was formed for the photocatalytic reaction. Such TiO2/ACFs photocatalyst exhibited its photocatalytic reactivity in photodegradation of concentrated methylene blue (MB) solutions. The MB molecules in the bulk solutions was supposed to be condensed around TiO2 particles by ad-sorption by ACFs. Therefore, the photocatalyst possesses the combined effect of adsorption by activated carbon fibers and photocatalytic reactivity of anatase-type TiO2 on MB photodegradation.