Aqueous solutions of azo dyes undergo degradation to form harmless intermediates and colorless products following irradiation by visible light in the presence of titanium dioxide thin films. The dyes that were studied...Aqueous solutions of azo dyes undergo degradation to form harmless intermediates and colorless products following irradiation by visible light in the presence of titanium dioxide thin films. The dyes that were studied in this work are： Chicago Sky Blue 6B and Benzopurpurin 4B. Results obtained indicated that complete mineralization of the dyes took place under the experimental conditions. There was an increase in conductivity after the complete mineralization experiments possibly indicating the formation of ions such as NO3^- and SO4^2-. Chemical oxygen demand（COD） measurements show a decrease in organic matter for both dyes following complete degradation. The effect of how changing experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and starting concentrations of dyes affected the rate of dye degradation was measured. There was an increase in the rate of disappearance of the dye color at lower pH. High concentrations of dye solutions reauired Iona dearadation time.展开更多
Titania-based composite catalysts were prepared through a sol-gel route employing multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different diameters. The materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen ads...Titania-based composite catalysts were prepared through a sol-gel route employing multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different diameters. The materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis absorption spectra. The application of the catalysts to photocatalytic degradation of phenol was tested under UV-Vis irradiation. A synergetic effect on phenol removal was observed in case of composite catalysts, which was evaluated in terms of apparent rate constant, total organic carbon removal and photonic efficiency.展开更多
Diatomite-based porous ceramics were adopted as carriers to immobilize nano-TiO2 via a hydrolysis-deposition technique. The thermal degradation of as-prepared composites was investigated using thermogravimetric-differ...Diatomite-based porous ceramics were adopted as carriers to immobilize nano-TiO2 via a hydrolysis-deposition technique. The thermal degradation of as-prepared composites was investigated using thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and the phase and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the carriers were encapsulated by nano-TiO2 with a thickness of 300-450 nm. The main crystalline phase of TiO2 calcined at 650~C was anatase, and the average grain size was 8.3 nm. The FT-IR absorption bands at 955.38 cm1 suggested that new chemical bonds among Ti, O, and Si had formed in the composites. The photocatalytic （PC） activity of the composites was investigated un- der UV irradiation. Furthermore, the photodegradation kinetics of formaldehyde was investigated using the composites as the cores of an air cleaner. A kinetics study showed that the reaction rate constants of the gas-phase PC reaction of formaldehyde were k = 0.576 mg＇m3·min^-1 and K = 0.048 m3/mg.展开更多
Complex nanometer particles WO3/TiO2 were prepared using a sol-gel process and characterized using XRD spectra. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be increased by doping W^6＋ with TiO2 because the doped W^6＋ th...Complex nanometer particles WO3/TiO2 were prepared using a sol-gel process and characterized using XRD spectra. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be increased by doping W^6＋ with TiO2 because the doped W^6＋ that entered into the crystal lattices of TiO2 led to the formation of defects in the crystal lattices of TiO2 and thereby improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.When WO3 doped in TiO2 exceeded 3%, the excess W^6＋ did not enter into the crystal lattices of TiO2 but were uniformly dispersed in TiO2 or they covered the surface of TiO2, which reduced the effective illumination area of TiO2 and thereby lowered the photocatalytic activity of TiOE.The relationship among the composition of the catalyst, the amount of photocatalyst, the illumination time, and the decolorizing rate of methyl orange （MO） were discussed. The results show that the decolorizing rate of MO can reach 82.3% using WO3/TiO2 as the photocatalyst, with the composition of WO3/TiO2 -3：97, the mass of catalyst = 0.400 g, the initial concentration of MO = 20 mg/L, pH = 6.5, and the illumina- tion time = 7 h.展开更多
TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by sol-gel and supercritical CO2 fluid drying method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Their catalytic propertie...TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by sol-gel and supercritical CO2 fluid drying method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Their catalytic properties were tested through the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and aniline in wastewater. The results show that the developed fluidized photocatalytic reactor (FPR) and TiO2 catalyst had better performance in degrading pollutants as compared with slurry photocatalytic reactor (SPR) and commercial TiO2 catalyst. The composition and crystal form of TiO2-SiO2 composite oxide had obvious influence on catalytic effect and TiO2-SiO2 photocatalysts showed better catalytic activity and stability.展开更多
particle size （5.0 nm）, large specific surface area （213.45 m1 2/g）, and efficient response to broadband light over the entire ultraviolet-visible spectrum with a narrow band gap of 1.84 eV. In addition, TiO2 -18...particle size （5.0 nm）, large specific surface area （213.45 m1 2/g）, and efficient response to broadband light over the entire ultraviolet-visible spectrum with a narrow band gap of 1.84 eV. In addition, TiO2 -180℃ exhibited the optimal reaction rate constant for the degradation of methylene blue （0.08287 mg/（Lmin））, which is six times higher than that of the mixed rutile/anatase phase TiO2 photocatalytic standard P25 （0.01342 mg/（L min））. Furthermore, cycling photodegradation ex-periments confirmed the stability and reusability of this catalyst. The unique physicochemical properties resulting from the low-temperature preparation of TiO2 -180℃, including its broadband visible absorption associated with a high concentration of oxygen vacancies, large surface area, and enriched surface -OH/H2O may be responsible for this excellent photocatalytic performance. The use of as-prepared TiO2 -180℃ for practical applications is expected after further optimization.展开更多
Combining molecular imprinting technique with titanium dioxide(TiO2)photocatalysis technique can improve the degradation ability and selectivity of TiO2 nanoparticles towards pollutants.In this work,methyl orange-impr...Combining molecular imprinting technique with titanium dioxide(TiO2)photocatalysis technique can improve the degradation ability and selectivity of TiO2 nanoparticles towards pollutants.In this work,methyl orange-imprinted polysiloxane particles(MiPs)were synthesized using TiO2 as matrix and silane as functional monomers.The adsorption capacity(Qe)of MiPs was 20.48 mg-g-1,while the imprinting efficiency(IE)was 3.4.Such MIPs exhibited stable imprinting efficiencies and adsorption efficiencies towards methyl orange(MO)in the multi-cycle stability test.Photocatalytic degradation performances of both MiPs and non-imprinted polysiloxane particles(NiPs)were investigated.Compared with NiPs,MiPs exhibited better photocatalytic degradation performance towards MO,with the degradation efficiency of 98.8%in 12 min and the apparent rate constant(Kobs)of 0.077 min-1.The interaction between silane and MO was also studied through molecular dynamics simulation.This work provides new insights into the use of silane for the synthesis of MiPs as well as the molecular imprinting technique forapplications in the field of TiO2 photocatalysis.展开更多
Photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide （TiO2） dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such a...Photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide （TiO2） dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.展开更多
The feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of X 3B azo dye by TiO 2/beads photocatalyst was studied. The effects of parameters such as the amount of TiO 2/beads, airflow, as well as the concentrations of H ...The feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of X 3B azo dye by TiO 2/beads photocatalyst was studied. The effects of parameters such as the amount of TiO 2/beads, airflow, as well as the concentrations of H 2O 2, Fe 3+ , Mg 2+ and Na + on the photocatalytic degradation of X 3B azo dye were also studied. The results showed that 25 mg/dm 3 X 3B azo dye can be photocatalytically degraded completely by 30 min illumination with a 375W medium pressure mercury lamp. Adding a small amount of H 2O 2 or Fe 3+ , the efficiencies of photocatalytic degradation of X 3B azo dye were increased rapidly. The mechanisms of the reaction and the role of the additives were also investigated. After 120 hours TiO 2/beads showed no significant loss of the photocatalytic activity.展开更多
A series of Ag/TiO2 with various Ag contents were prepared by photoreduction method. Commercial TiO2 from Evonik-Degussa was used as the catalyst. Ag was used as the cocatalyst. This facial synthesis method is cheap a...A series of Ag/TiO2 with various Ag contents were prepared by photoreduction method. Commercial TiO2 from Evonik-Degussa was used as the catalyst. Ag was used as the cocatalyst. This facial synthesis method is cheap and easy. TiO2 was suspended in water with various concentrations of silver nitrate. The solution was illuminated by UV light for 36 h. Ag would deposit on the surface of TiO2. This method can deposit all Ag cation in the starting material on TiO2 after 36 h irradiation by UV light. X-ray diffraction, high resolution-TEM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface, morphology and chemical composition of the catalysts. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in water on these catalysts was carried out under UV and visible light irradiation, respectively. The methylene blue concentration in water was measured by a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the bulk structure of TiO2 did not change and some of Ag was incorporated into the surface of TiO2 lattice. The change in the electronic state of Ti on surface is attributed to the replacement of titanium atoms by silver atoms on the TiO2 surface structure which induced visible light response and enhanced the photocatalytic activity. 1 wt% Ag is the optimum loading to have high activity.展开更多
The feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of the formaldehyde gas by titanium dioxide （TiO2）/polyester non-woven fabrics was studied. Tbe effects of parameters such as tbe concentration of TiO2 solution, pH valu...The feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of the formaldehyde gas by titanium dioxide （TiO2）/polyester non-woven fabrics was studied. Tbe effects of parameters such as tbe concentration of TiO2 solution, pH value, and drying temperature on the photocatalytic degradation of the formaldehyde gas were also studied. The results showed that the photodegradation efficiency of the formaldehyde gas increased rapidly with the increasing of the concentration of TiO2 solution up to 15g/L, but when the concentration was in excess of 15g/L, the photodegradation efficiency decreased gradually and fluctuated due to light obstruction and disperse state of TiO2. Adjusting the pH value in the solution, the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of the formaldehyde gas could be improved. The mechanisms of the reaction and the role of the additives were also investigated. After 42hours, TiO2/ polyester non-woven fabric showed no significant loss of the photocatalytic activity.展开更多
A novel visible-light-responding InVO4-Cu2O-TiO2 ternary nanoheterostructure was designed on the basis of the strategy of energy gap engineering and prepared through ordinary wet chemistry methods. The as-prepared nan...A novel visible-light-responding InVO4-Cu2O-TiO2 ternary nanoheterostructure was designed on the basis of the strategy of energy gap engineering and prepared through ordinary wet chemistry methods. The as-prepared nanoheterostructure was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM） and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy（UV-vis/DRS）. The TEM and HRTEM images of 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 confirm the formation of nanoheterostructures resulting from contact of the nanosized TiO2, Cu2O and InVO4 in the size of 5–20 nm in diameter. The InVO4-Cu2O-TiO2 nanoheterostructure, when compared with TiO2, Cu2O, InVO4, InVO4-TiO2 and Cu2O-TiO2, shows significant enhancement in the photocatalytic performance for the degradation of methyl orange（MO） under visible-light irradiation. With a 9 W energy-saving fluorescent lamp as the visible-light source, the MO degradation rate of 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 reaches close to 90% during 5 h, and the photocatalytic efficiency is maintained at over 90% after six cycles. This may be mainly ascribed to the matched bandgap configurations of TiO2, Cu2O and InVO4, and the formations of two p-n junctions by the p-type semiconductor Cu2O with the n-type semiconductors TiO2 and InVO4, all of which favor spatial photogenerated charge carrier separation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） characterization for the used 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 reveals that only a small shakeup satellite peak appears for Cu（II） species, implying bearable photocorrosion of Cu2O. This work could provide new insight into the design and preparation of novel visible-light-responding semiconductor composites.展开更多
文摘Aqueous solutions of azo dyes undergo degradation to form harmless intermediates and colorless products following irradiation by visible light in the presence of titanium dioxide thin films. The dyes that were studied in this work are： Chicago Sky Blue 6B and Benzopurpurin 4B. Results obtained indicated that complete mineralization of the dyes took place under the experimental conditions. There was an increase in conductivity after the complete mineralization experiments possibly indicating the formation of ions such as NO3^- and SO4^2-. Chemical oxygen demand（COD） measurements show a decrease in organic matter for both dyes following complete degradation. The effect of how changing experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and starting concentrations of dyes affected the rate of dye degradation was measured. There was an increase in the rate of disappearance of the dye color at lower pH. High concentrations of dye solutions reauired Iona dearadation time.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported Science Foundation of China by the National Natural （No.20703042）.
文摘Titania-based composite catalysts were prepared through a sol-gel route employing multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different diameters. The materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis absorption spectra. The application of the catalysts to photocatalytic degradation of phenol was tested under UV-Vis irradiation. A synergetic effect on phenol removal was observed in case of composite catalysts, which was evaluated in terms of apparent rate constant, total organic carbon removal and photonic efficiency.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50708037)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of China (No. 51522402)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Projects in Zhengzhou (No. 141PPTGG388)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of the Undergraduate (No. 201610078034)
文摘Diatomite-based porous ceramics were adopted as carriers to immobilize nano-TiO2 via a hydrolysis-deposition technique. The thermal degradation of as-prepared composites was investigated using thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and the phase and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the carriers were encapsulated by nano-TiO2 with a thickness of 300-450 nm. The main crystalline phase of TiO2 calcined at 650~C was anatase, and the average grain size was 8.3 nm. The FT-IR absorption bands at 955.38 cm1 suggested that new chemical bonds among Ti, O, and Si had formed in the composites. The photocatalytic （PC） activity of the composites was investigated un- der UV irradiation. Furthermore, the photodegradation kinetics of formaldehyde was investigated using the composites as the cores of an air cleaner. A kinetics study showed that the reaction rate constants of the gas-phase PC reaction of formaldehyde were k = 0.576 mg＇m3·min^-1 and K = 0.048 m3/mg.
基金This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (No. 050450301).
文摘Complex nanometer particles WO3/TiO2 were prepared using a sol-gel process and characterized using XRD spectra. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be increased by doping W^6＋ with TiO2 because the doped W^6＋ that entered into the crystal lattices of TiO2 led to the formation of defects in the crystal lattices of TiO2 and thereby improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.When WO3 doped in TiO2 exceeded 3%, the excess W^6＋ did not enter into the crystal lattices of TiO2 but were uniformly dispersed in TiO2 or they covered the surface of TiO2, which reduced the effective illumination area of TiO2 and thereby lowered the photocatalytic activity of TiOE.The relationship among the composition of the catalyst, the amount of photocatalyst, the illumination time, and the decolorizing rate of methyl orange （MO） were discussed. The results show that the decolorizing rate of MO can reach 82.3% using WO3/TiO2 as the photocatalyst, with the composition of WO3/TiO2 -3：97, the mass of catalyst = 0.400 g, the initial concentration of MO = 20 mg/L, pH = 6.5, and the illumina- tion time = 7 h.
文摘TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by sol-gel and supercritical CO2 fluid drying method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Their catalytic properties were tested through the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and aniline in wastewater. The results show that the developed fluidized photocatalytic reactor (FPR) and TiO2 catalyst had better performance in degrading pollutants as compared with slurry photocatalytic reactor (SPR) and commercial TiO2 catalyst. The composition and crystal form of TiO2-SiO2 composite oxide had obvious influence on catalytic effect and TiO2-SiO2 photocatalysts showed better catalytic activity and stability.
基金supported by Teamwork Project Funded by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(S2013030012842)~~
文摘particle size （5.0 nm）, large specific surface area （213.45 m1 2/g）, and efficient response to broadband light over the entire ultraviolet-visible spectrum with a narrow band gap of 1.84 eV. In addition, TiO2 -180℃ exhibited the optimal reaction rate constant for the degradation of methylene blue （0.08287 mg/（Lmin））, which is six times higher than that of the mixed rutile/anatase phase TiO2 photocatalytic standard P25 （0.01342 mg/（L min））. Furthermore, cycling photodegradation ex-periments confirmed the stability and reusability of this catalyst. The unique physicochemical properties resulting from the low-temperature preparation of TiO2 -180℃, including its broadband visible absorption associated with a high concentration of oxygen vacancies, large surface area, and enriched surface -OH/H2O may be responsible for this excellent photocatalytic performance. The use of as-prepared TiO2 -180℃ for practical applications is expected after further optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22078244)the Scientific Research and Development Project of China Petrochemical Corporation(Grant No.222443).
文摘Combining molecular imprinting technique with titanium dioxide(TiO2)photocatalysis technique can improve the degradation ability and selectivity of TiO2 nanoparticles towards pollutants.In this work,methyl orange-imprinted polysiloxane particles(MiPs)were synthesized using TiO2 as matrix and silane as functional monomers.The adsorption capacity(Qe)of MiPs was 20.48 mg-g-1,while the imprinting efficiency(IE)was 3.4.Such MIPs exhibited stable imprinting efficiencies and adsorption efficiencies towards methyl orange(MO)in the multi-cycle stability test.Photocatalytic degradation performances of both MiPs and non-imprinted polysiloxane particles(NiPs)were investigated.Compared with NiPs,MiPs exhibited better photocatalytic degradation performance towards MO,with the degradation efficiency of 98.8%in 12 min and the apparent rate constant(Kobs)of 0.077 min-1.The interaction between silane and MO was also studied through molecular dynamics simulation.This work provides new insights into the use of silane for the synthesis of MiPs as well as the molecular imprinting technique forapplications in the field of TiO2 photocatalysis.
文摘Photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide （TiO2） dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.
文摘The feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of X 3B azo dye by TiO 2/beads photocatalyst was studied. The effects of parameters such as the amount of TiO 2/beads, airflow, as well as the concentrations of H 2O 2, Fe 3+ , Mg 2+ and Na + on the photocatalytic degradation of X 3B azo dye were also studied. The results showed that 25 mg/dm 3 X 3B azo dye can be photocatalytically degraded completely by 30 min illumination with a 375W medium pressure mercury lamp. Adding a small amount of H 2O 2 or Fe 3+ , the efficiencies of photocatalytic degradation of X 3B azo dye were increased rapidly. The mechanisms of the reaction and the role of the additives were also investigated. After 120 hours TiO 2/beads showed no significant loss of the photocatalytic activity.
文摘A series of Ag/TiO2 with various Ag contents were prepared by photoreduction method. Commercial TiO2 from Evonik-Degussa was used as the catalyst. Ag was used as the cocatalyst. This facial synthesis method is cheap and easy. TiO2 was suspended in water with various concentrations of silver nitrate. The solution was illuminated by UV light for 36 h. Ag would deposit on the surface of TiO2. This method can deposit all Ag cation in the starting material on TiO2 after 36 h irradiation by UV light. X-ray diffraction, high resolution-TEM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface, morphology and chemical composition of the catalysts. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in water on these catalysts was carried out under UV and visible light irradiation, respectively. The methylene blue concentration in water was measured by a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the bulk structure of TiO2 did not change and some of Ag was incorporated into the surface of TiO2 lattice. The change in the electronic state of Ti on surface is attributed to the replacement of titanium atoms by silver atoms on the TiO2 surface structure which induced visible light response and enhanced the photocatalytic activity. 1 wt% Ag is the optimum loading to have high activity.
文摘The feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of the formaldehyde gas by titanium dioxide （TiO2）/polyester non-woven fabrics was studied. Tbe effects of parameters such as tbe concentration of TiO2 solution, pH value, and drying temperature on the photocatalytic degradation of the formaldehyde gas were also studied. The results showed that the photodegradation efficiency of the formaldehyde gas increased rapidly with the increasing of the concentration of TiO2 solution up to 15g/L, but when the concentration was in excess of 15g/L, the photodegradation efficiency decreased gradually and fluctuated due to light obstruction and disperse state of TiO2. Adjusting the pH value in the solution, the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of the formaldehyde gas could be improved. The mechanisms of the reaction and the role of the additives were also investigated. After 42hours, TiO2/ polyester non-woven fabric showed no significant loss of the photocatalytic activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21171174)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(09JJ3024)Provincial Environmental Science and Technology Foundation of Hunan~~
文摘A novel visible-light-responding InVO4-Cu2O-TiO2 ternary nanoheterostructure was designed on the basis of the strategy of energy gap engineering and prepared through ordinary wet chemistry methods. The as-prepared nanoheterostructure was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM） and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy（UV-vis/DRS）. The TEM and HRTEM images of 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 confirm the formation of nanoheterostructures resulting from contact of the nanosized TiO2, Cu2O and InVO4 in the size of 5–20 nm in diameter. The InVO4-Cu2O-TiO2 nanoheterostructure, when compared with TiO2, Cu2O, InVO4, InVO4-TiO2 and Cu2O-TiO2, shows significant enhancement in the photocatalytic performance for the degradation of methyl orange（MO） under visible-light irradiation. With a 9 W energy-saving fluorescent lamp as the visible-light source, the MO degradation rate of 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 reaches close to 90% during 5 h, and the photocatalytic efficiency is maintained at over 90% after six cycles. This may be mainly ascribed to the matched bandgap configurations of TiO2, Cu2O and InVO4, and the formations of two p-n junctions by the p-type semiconductor Cu2O with the n-type semiconductors TiO2 and InVO4, all of which favor spatial photogenerated charge carrier separation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） characterization for the used 10%InVO4-40%Cu2O-50%TiO2 reveals that only a small shakeup satellite peak appears for Cu（II） species, implying bearable photocorrosion of Cu2O. This work could provide new insight into the design and preparation of novel visible-light-responding semiconductor composites.
