Effect of composite supports on the methanation activity of Co-Mo-based sulphur-resistant catalysts

The effects of composite supports of CeO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3, TiO2-Al2O3 or ZrO2-Al2O3 on the methanation activity of supported Co-Mo-based sulphur-resistant catalysts were investigated. The catalysts were further characterized by nitrogen adsorption measurement, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst of 5%CoO-15%MoO3 supported on CeO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3, TiO2-Al2O3 or ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides, respectively, showed different catalytic performances of syngas methanation in the presence of hydrogen sulphide as compared with that of the 5%CoO-15%MoO3/Al2O3 catalyst. The Co-Mo/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst shows the highest methanation activity among the tested catalysts. The enhanced methanation activity may be attributed to the improvement of the dispersion of active metal species and the inhibition of the formation of S6＋.

Ceramic Supported PDMS and PEGDA Composite Membranes for CO2 Separation

Composite membranes have attracted increasing attentions owing to their potential applications for CO2 separation. In this work, ceramic supported polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） and poly （ethylene glycol） diacrylate （PEGDA） composite membranes were prepared. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of the compos- ite membranes were characterized. Preparation conditions were systematically optimized. The gas separation performance of the as-prepared membranes was studied by pure gas and binary gas permeation measurement of CO〉 N2 and H〉 Experiments showed that PDMS, as silicone rubber, exhibited larger permeance and lower separation factors. Conversely, PEGDA composite membrane presented smaller gas permeance but higher ideal selectivity for CO2/N2. Compared to the performance of those membranes using polymeric supports or freestanding membranes, the two kinds of ceramic supported composite membranes exhibited higher gas permeance and acceptable selectivity. Therefore, the ceramic supported composite membrane can be expected as a candidate for CO2 separation from light gases.

Load laws of composite lining in mountain tunnel model tests and numerical simulation validation

Currently,model tests are increasingly being used to simulate the construction of mountain tunnels,but the support structure of the model tests does not show the composite lining,and the force laws of the composite lining are not yet clear.In this research,the force variation of composite lining under three cases in model tests of deep-buried tunnels were carried out with the surrounding rock grade and installation time as the variation factors.The test results reveal that:(1)The suitable method to reduce the contact load between the secondary lining and primary support is to enhance the primary support in the soft and weak surrounding rock.Correspondingly,for ClassⅢsurrounding rock and better quality of surrounding rock,the primary support can lag behind the excavation face a certain distance.(2)The axial forces of the bolts tend to rise with concentration of 0.4 kN-0.7 kN after the secondary lining was installed.(3)With or without two to three excavation cycles delayed,the load sharing ratio of the secondary lining of the Class III surrounding rock is less than 10%.Finally,the numerical simulation verifies the feasibility of the model tests.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanosized CeO2/γ-Al2O3 Composite Supports

Based on the γ-Al2O3 support with large-size pores, impregnation-deposition method was adopted to prepare the nano CeO_2/γ-Al2O3 composite supports. The results of XRD showed that there was no CeO_2-Al2O3 mixture or solid solution, indicating that CeO_2 was only loaded on the surface of Al2O3. The CeO_2/γ-Al2O3 composite support had larger specific surface area (170 m2·g-1), while for the non-loaded nanosized CeO_2, the specific surface area was small(～50 m2·g-1). The influence of impregnation and drying methods on the surface properties, thermal stability and crystal structure of composite supports was characterized by XRD, DTA and BET. The CeO_2/γ-Al2O3 composite support prepared by vacuum impregnation and microwave drying was better than that prepared by conventional impregnation and drying.

Hybrid Intelligent Damage Identification of Composite Plate Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Support Vector Machine

In this paper,a novel method based on strain distribution is presented to determine the presence of damage and its location in composite plate.By building a damage monitoring experimental platform with Fiber Bragg Gratings(FBGs)sensors,impact experiments are made respectively to gain the strain distribution both in heath and damage state.EEMD is used to process the data and IMFs energy feature is evaluated.Then,support vector machine is applied to identify the damage and the testing classification accuracy reaches 92.86%.Finally,by using the influence of the damage position and the propagation path on energy,the damage location is predicted.The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can accurately identify the presence and position of damage.The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method is verified.

Immobilization of Agaricus Bisporus Laccase on Ceramic-Chitosan Composite Support and Their Properties:Potential for Oily Wastewater Treatment

Laccase was immobilized on the ceramic-chitosan composite support by using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking reagent. The immobilization conditions and characterization of the immobilized enzyme were investigated. The immobilization of laccase was successfully realized when 3.0 mL of 1.25 mg/mL of laccase at a pH value of 4.0 reacted with 0.15 g of ceramic-chitosan composite support(CCCS) at 4 ℃ for 24 h. The immobilized enzyme exhibited a maximum activity at pH 3.0. The optimal temperatures for immobilized enzyme were 25 ℃ and 50 ℃. The K_m value of immobilized laccase for ABTS was 66.64 μmol/L at a pH value of 3.0 at 25 ℃. Compared with free laccase, the thermal, operating and storage stability of immobilized laccase was improved after the immobilization.

Tribological properties and wear prediction model of TiC particles reinforced Ni-base alloy composite coatings

TiC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coatings were prepared on 7005 aluminum alloy by plasma spray. The effects of load, speed and temperature on the tribological behavior and mechanisms of the composite coatings under dry friction were researched. The wear prediction model of the composite coatings was established based on the least square support vector machine (LS-SVM). The results show that the composite coatings exhibit smaller friction coefficients and wear losses than the Ni-based alloy coatings under different friction conditions. The predicting time of the LS-SVM model is only 12.93%of that of the BP-ANN model, and the predicting accuracies on friction coefficients and wear losses of the former are increased by 58.74%and 41.87%compared with the latter. The LS-SVM model can effectively predict the tribological behavior of the TiCP/Ni-base alloy composite coatings under dry friction.

A method combining refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy with PSO-SVM for roller bearing fault diagnosis

Combining refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy(RCMFE)and support vector machine(SVM)with particle swarm optimization(PSO)for diagnosing roller bearing faults is proposed in this paper.Compared with refined composite multiscale sample entropy(RCMSE)and multiscale fuzzy entropy(MFE),the smoothness of RCMFE is superior to that of those models.The corresponding comparison of smoothness and analysis of validity through decomposition accuracy are considered in the numerical experiments by considering the white and 1/f noise signals.Then RCMFE,RCMSE and MFE are developed to affect extraction by using different roller bearing vibration signals.Then the extracted RCMFE,RCMSE and MFE eigenvectors are regarded as the input of the PSO-SVM to diagnose the roller bearing fault.Finally,the results show that the smoothness of RCMFE is superior to that of RCMSE and MFE.Meanwhile,the fault classification accuracy is higher than that of RCMSE and MFE.

Endpoint forecasting on composite regeneration by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for diesel particulate filter

Numerical simulation has been carried out to investigate the major factors affecting the time of composite regeneration due to coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for diesel particulate f3ilter(DPF). Effect on the composite regeneration time from various factors such as mass flow rate of exhaust gas, temperature of exhaust gas, oxygen concentration of exhaust gas, microwave power and amount of cerium-based additive are investigated. And a mathematical model based on fuzzy least squares support vector machines has been developed to forecast the endpoint of the composite regeneration. The results show that the relative error of endpoint forecasting model of composite regeneration is less than 3.5%, and the oxygen concentration of exhaust gas has the biggest effect on the endpoint of composite regeneration, followed by the mass flow rate of exhaust gas, the microwave power, the temperature of exhaust gas and the amount of cerium-based additive.

Efficient Reliability-Based Optimization Scheme for Piezoelectric Composite Beams with Delamination under Axial Compression

An efficient computational framework for reliability analysis and reliability-based design optimization of piezoelectric composite beam with delamination is presented.In the proposed approach,the transverse shear deformation,delamination and piezoelectricity of the beam are taken into account.By introducing the Heaviside step function into the displacement components and using the Rayleigh-Ritz method,and the buckling governing equations for the piezoelectric composite beams is obtained.The reliability of the beams is obtained by integrating the support vector machine method and first order reliability method,further the reliability-based optimization is executed through employing genetic algorithm.The effects of ply style,delamination length and voltage are discussed in details.Numerical results indicate that the comprehensive computational scheme provides a unified numerical framework to analysis the nondeterministic buckling and reliability efficiently.

深基坑支护理念演进和设计方法改进剖析

基于我国30多年建设实践,分析现有深基坑支护临时性理念、与主体结构相结合理念实施的优点和不足,提出促进基坑支护工程高质量发展的永久化理念。结合济南某基坑工程,阐释三个理念的逐次提升和相应支护结构的计算内容,定义适应与主体结构相结合理念、永久化理念的结构岩土化、岩土结构化设计方法;重点分析土钉墙与抗浮锚杆相结合的复合土钉墙的设计,以及抗浮锚杆与外伸支撑、水平楼板永久支护结构中抗浮锚杆的力学性状与耐久性,分析了永久支护对于地下室外墙受力机制的影响,阐释深基坑支护理念演化方向和与之适应的设计改进内容。对于反思我国岩土与结构设计管理体制,促进基坑与基础设计理论和方法进步,推动“新发展理念”在基坑工程的实践具有导向价值。

激光熔覆原位Ti-C-B-Al复合涂层的结构特征与力学性能

以钛粉、铝粉和碳化硼粉末为原料,采用同步同轴激光熔覆系统在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备含原位自生TiC、TiB以及TiAl金属间化合物增强钛基的Ti-C-B-Al复合涂层,研究了复合涂层的显微组织、物相构成、显微硬度和微纳米力学性能。结果表明,三种粉末在高能激光束的作用下充分反应并生成了TiC、TiB以及TiAl金属间化合物增强相。复合涂层表面光滑,涂层内部无气孔及裂纹,与基体间形成了良好的冶金结合,增强相在涂层内分布均匀,相比于基体,熔覆涂层具有较优的力学性能。涂层硬度在460HV_(0.3)~510HV_(0.3)之间,同时涂层的纳米力学性能与显微硬度具有较好的对应关系,其中当m(Ti)∶m(Al)∶m(B_(4)C)=84∶12∶4时,制得的涂层具有较优的力学性能。

隧道支护工字型钢与喷射混凝土粘结滑移性能研究

工字型钢与喷射混凝土的粘结滑移性能对隧道初期支护的协同变形,整体承载能力具有重要影响。该文进行了自然粘结和焊接栓钉两组对照的推出试验,观察试件的破坏特征,获取粘结滑移曲线。在此基础上分析试件的粘结滑移性能,通过函数建立了自然粘结和焊接栓钉试件的粘结滑移本构模型,并提出了特征值的计算公式。试验结果表明:自然粘结试件的破坏模式为纵向劈裂破坏,焊接栓钉试件为拉裂破坏,拉裂缝位置沿栓钉横向排列方向;试件的荷载-裂缝宽度曲线与平均粘结强度-滑移曲线变化规律基本一致,可分为四段:无滑移段、斜线上升段、曲线下降段和水平残余段;在型钢腹板增加栓钉连接件,能有效提高型钢喷射混凝土的特征粘结强度。试验曲线与本构模型曲线对比拟合较高,表明该文提出的本构模型具有较高的精度。研究结果对于隧道工字型钢与喷射混凝土支护结构破坏特征研究及设计提供理论支持。

锚杆钢-木组合托盘极限承载力学性能研究

为降低动压冲击对支护系统的破坏,适应大变形巷道的需要;基于球壳结构理论构建锚杆拱形钢托盘承载力学模型,给出钢托盘最大承载力计算式,分析钢托盘各参数尺寸对其承载力的影响关系,研究木托盘压缩实验特征;通过Abaqus软件对钢托盘与组合托盘开展有限元静态力学强度实验,对比分析钢托盘与组合托盘受压状态下的不同特征,分析让压距离对组合托盘承载性能的影响规律。结果表明:对钢托盘承载力的影响顺序为拱高>拱底圆半径>孔口半径,拱高与承载力服从对数增加关系,拱底圆半径、孔口半径与托盘承载力基本成线性增加关系;钢-木组合托盘中木托盘先受力,并经历了压密阶段、弹性变形阶段和塑性变形阶段,木托盘被压缩可降低钢托盘30.03%的承载受力,组合托盘的应力-位移曲线右移,组合托盘的极限承载力增加;钢托盘受压破坏从孔口处开始,基本成圆形向四周扩展,托盘底部四边中间区域与四角区域形成的高应力差是导致托盘四角破坏的主要原因。

排桩复合土钉支护结构水平位移简化计算方法

针对排桩复合土钉支护结构,基于其受力变形机理,引入了土钉钉头与排桩在相应位置处变形协调的基本假定,考虑了分步开挖施工工况,采用增量法建立了考虑施工过程影响的排桩复合土钉支护结构水平位移简化计算方法。算例及工程实例计算的对比分析表明,所建立的排桩复合土钉支护结构水平位移简化计算方法具有工程适用性。

钢-混凝土组合简支桥面连续结构横向应力分析

针对钢-混组合简支梁桥的桥面连续结构开裂等病害,围绕桥面连接板的横桥向应力问题,采用线弹性理论和板的偏微分方程进行分析,得出了桥面连接板挠度和应力的分布函数,建立非线性有限元模型,并进行实桥荷载试验.通过比较理论解、有限元解和实测试验结果,证实了理论解和有限元的有效性.根据得到的分布函数,发现横桥向和纵桥向上的最大拉应力出现在钢梁端部位置的连接板的上缘.此外,还分析了连接板区域尺寸变化对横桥向应力峰值的影响,包括纵梁端部距支座的长度、纵梁的间距以及连接板区域整体尺寸变化.结果表明:较小的纵梁间距和较长的纵梁端部与支撑之间的距离会导致连接板中的横向拉应力峰值增加,并提高横向拉应力在总应力中的占比,从而导致桥面连接板早于设计荷载开裂.因此对于纵梁间距较小、梁端长度较长的钢-混组合简支梁桥桥面连续结构,仅计算其纵桥向受力性能会导致计算结果偏危险,建议按照本文方法考虑横桥向应力对桥面连接板的影响.

MoO_(x)状态调控及其对VO_(x)/MoO_(x)-TiO_(2)催化剂脱硝性能和热稳定性的影响

将七钼酸铵分别用水和草酸溶液溶解后与TiO_(2)复合制备MoO_(x)-TiO_(2)载体,通过浸渍法负载钒获得VO_(x)/MoO_(x)-TiO_(2)催化剂;采用XRD、SEM、BET、XPS、H_(2)-TPR和NH_(3)-TPD表征手段研究催化剂的结构和性质,并考察了其脱硝活性和高温老化性能。结果表明,草酸助溶七钼酸铵制得的VMoTiO-F在210~510℃的脱硝效率大于80.0%,优于用水溶解制备的VMoTiH-F;VMoTiO-F表面存在较多的MoO_(x),可增强与VO_(x)的相互作用,促进催化剂表面产生更多的低价态VO_(x)和表面化学吸附氧(Oα)活性物种;VMoTiO-F中的VO_(x)和MoO_(x)相互作用还能提高低温氧化还原性能,有利于催化过程中的电子传递;VMoTiH-F相比VMoTiO-F有更多的MoO_(x)进入TiO_(2)晶格,提高TiO_(2)的热稳定性,而VMoTiO-A中的锐钛矿TiO_(2)在高温老化中被严重烧结甚至部分转变为惰性金红石晶型,导致表面酸性位损失和氧化还原性能降低,因此VMoTiH-A催化剂的脱硝性能明显优于VMoTiO-A。

RCMNAAPE在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

针对精细复合多尺度排列熵(RCMPE)无法充分提取旋转机械振动信号中的故障信息,从而导致旋转机械故障识别准确率不稳定这一缺陷,提出了一种基于精细复合多尺度归一化幅值感知排列熵(RCMNAAPE)、拉普拉斯分数(LS)和灰狼算法优化支持向量机(GWO-SVM)的旋转机械故障诊断方法。首先,利用幅值感知排列熵替换了RCMPE中的排列熵,提出了RCMNAAPE,并将其用于提取旋转机械振动信号的故障特征生成特征样本;随后,采用了LS从原始的高维故障特征向量中筛选出较少的能够更准确描述故障状态的特征,构造敏感特征样本;最后,将低维的故障特征向量输入由灰狼算法优化的支持向量机中进行了训练和测试,完成了旋转机械样本的故障识别和分类,利用滚动轴承和齿轮箱故障数据集将RCMNAAPE-LS-GWO-SVM与其他故障诊断方法进行了对比分析,并开展了评估。研究结果表明:基于RCMNAAPE-LS-GWO-SVM的故障诊断方法能够有效识别旋转机械的各类故障,其识别准确率高于其他对比的故障诊断方法,其中滚动轴承故障的识别准确率达到99.33%,齿轮箱故障的识别准确率达到98.67%。虽然,该方法的特征提取效率不佳,平均特征提取时间分别为153.02 s和163.98 s,仅优于精细复合多尺度模糊熵(RCMFE),但其综合性能更加优异。

深基坑新型张拉嵌入复合排水型锚固结构支护特性数值仿真分析

传统锚固结构很难满足软土地区深基坑工程工期紧、支护效果要求高的需求,对此提出张拉嵌入复合排水型锚固结构。通过分析新型支护结构的锚固机制得出:在基坑开挖过程中锚杆受力分为预张拉、端阻力递增和锚固作用失效3个阶段;给出了新型锚杆承载力计算方法;采用有限元软件模拟分析了新型结构的支护效果和排水特性。结果表明:新型锚杆轴力分布与普通锚杆不同,在预张拉锚头位置轴力出现陡增;相比于普通锚杆,新型锚固结构支护效果更好,能够使坡面最大水平位移减小37.2%,更有利于基坑稳定;新型锚固支护结构具有较好的排水效果,能够快速消散临空坡面附近的孔隙水压力。