Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermen...Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak aging.The fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel aromas.The concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak barrels.The concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting ones.The compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could not.The fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.展开更多
目的:探究颈动脉斑块稳定性、不同急性脑卒中ORG10172治疗试验(trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的相关性。方法:将2020年9月至2023年7月于河南...目的:探究颈动脉斑块稳定性、不同急性脑卒中ORG10172治疗试验(trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的相关性。方法:将2020年9月至2023年7月于河南大学第一附属医院接受急性缺血性脑卒中治疗的126例患者纳入研究。按照颈动脉斑块稳定性情况分为稳定组71例和不稳定组55例。按照TOAST分型进行分组,分为小动脉闭塞性(small artery occlusive,SAO)组42例,大动脉粥样硬化(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)组24例,心源性脑栓塞(cardioembolism,CE)组23例,其他原因(strike of other determined etiology,SOE)组9例和原因不明(stroke of other undetermined etiology,SUE)组51例。比较不同TOAST分型和不同颈动脉斑块稳定性患者的Hcy水平和神经功能(美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分);并采用Spearman分析Hcy水平和颈动脉斑块稳定性与TOAST分型的相关性。结果:不稳定组Hcy水平和NIHSS评分均高于稳定组(P<0.05);LAA组患者的Hcy水平和NIHSS评分均高于SAO组、CE组、SOE组和SUE组(P<0.05);血清Hcy水平与TOAST分型呈正相关(r=0.316,0.452,0.398,0.363,0.322;P<0.05);血清Hcy水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性呈正相关(r=0.446;P<0.05)。结论:颈动脉斑块稳定性、TOAST分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清Hcy水平具有相关性,Hcy水平越高颈动脉斑块稳定性越差、TOAST分型越严重。展开更多
目的探究血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型和长期预后的相关性。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月于珠海市人民医院住院治疗的首次急性缺...目的探究血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型和长期预后的相关性。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月于珠海市人民医院住院治疗的首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者199例。依据血尿酸水平将患者分为4组[≤280μmol/L组(n=50)、280.1~331μmol/L组(n=50)、331.1~398μmol/L组(n=50)和>398μmol/L组(n=49)],分析各组血尿酸与TOAST分型等指标的相关性。采用改良Rankin量表评价患者发病3个月后的预后情况,0~2分为预后良好组(n=157),3~6分为预后不良组(n=42),比较两组预后与血尿酸等指标的相关性。结果不同血尿酸组TOAST分型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),性别、血脂异常占比和血同型半胱氨酸水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经有序多分类Logistic回归分析,男性(OR=2.984,95%CI:1.603~5.553,P=0.001)和血脂异常(OR=2.600,95%CI:1.442~4.686,P=0.001)均与高血尿酸水平有关。不同预后组血尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),基线NIHSS评分和基线Barthel指数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),经二元Logistic回归分析,较低基线Barthel指数是患者预后不良的危险因素(OR=0.905,95%CI:0.867~0.944,P=0.000)。结论血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者TOAST分型和预后未显示出相关性,但是男性和血脂异常均与高血尿酸有关,且较低基线Barthel指数提示预后不良。展开更多
Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level,and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals.In ruminants,protein,starch,and ...Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level,and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals.In ruminants,protein,starch,and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before reaching the small intestine.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of ensiling and hydro-thermic treatment(i.e.,toasting at 160℃for 30 min)of grains of peas and field beans on the concentrations of post-ruminal crude protein(PRCP)and rumen-undegraded protein(RUP).Moreover,24-h gas production and methane production were measured.For this,an in vitro batch culture system with ruminal fluid from sheep was used.Rumen-undegraded protein was determined using the Streptomyces griseus protease test.Scanning electron micrographs were used to visualize morphological changes of starch granules and their joint matrices in peas and field beans after ensiling,toasting,or a combination of both.Native pea grains contained crude protein(CP)at 199 g/kg DM,PRCP at 155 g/kg DM at a ruminal passage rate of 0.08/h(Kp8),RUP at 33 g/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 530 g/kg DM.Native field beans contained CP at 296 g/kg DM,PRCP at 212 g/kg DM at Kp8,RUP at 54 g of/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 450 g/kg DM.The PRCP did not considerably differ among native and treated peas or field beans.Especially in the peas,RUP at Kp8 increased after ensiling by 10 g/kg DM(i.e.,30%;P<0.05).Toasting increased RUP(Kp8)in ensiled peas by another 28%(P<0.05).Toasting had no effect on PRCP or RUP when the peas or field beans were not ensiled before.Gas and methane production were not affected by any treatment,and scanning electron micrographs did not reveal structural changes on the starches doubtless of any treatment.Protein seemed to be more affected by treatment with ensiled+toasted peas than with ensiled+toasted field beans,but starches and other carbohydrates from both legumes remained unaffected.展开更多
目的结合影像学检查探讨脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与TOAST分型之间有无相关性。方法结合影像学表现,将736例脑梗死患者按照TOAST分型标准进行亚型分型,大动脉粥样硬化型333例,小动脉闭塞型374例,心源性栓塞9例,其他病因型11...目的结合影像学检查探讨脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与TOAST分型之间有无相关性。方法结合影像学表现,将736例脑梗死患者按照TOAST分型标准进行亚型分型,大动脉粥样硬化型333例,小动脉闭塞型374例,心源性栓塞9例,其他病因型11例,不明原因型9例,按照性别进行分组,分别测定Hcy水平与TOAST分型亚型的相关性。结果心源性栓塞型、其他病因型、不明原因型3个亚组样本太小,差异无统计学意义;男性大动脉粥样硬化组Hcy水平高于小动脉闭塞组(13.65±9.65μmol/L vs 11.27±5.52μmol/L),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论整体患者中Hcy水平与TOAST分型不具有相关性。从性别来看,男性脑梗死患者中,更高的血浆Hcy水平更可能通过促进大动脉粥样硬化进而引起脑梗死。展开更多
目的分析不同TOAST分型缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)患者的临床特征、影响因素及预后。方法选取浙江省医疗健康集团衢州医院2019年7月至2021年6月收治的缺血性脑梗死患者500例为研究对象,按照分类标准分为心源性栓塞型(cardioembol...目的分析不同TOAST分型缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)患者的临床特征、影响因素及预后。方法选取浙江省医疗健康集团衢州医院2019年7月至2021年6月收治的缺血性脑梗死患者500例为研究对象,按照分类标准分为心源性栓塞型(cardioembolism,CE)、大动脉粥样硬化型(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)、小动脉闭塞型(small-artery occlusion lacunar,SAO)、其他原因引发的缺血性卒中(strike of other determined etiology,SOE),原因不明的缺血性卒中型(stroke of other undetermined etiology,SUE);分析年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、病灶位置、病灶范围、基础合并症、不良嗜好、血清炎症因子、脂质代谢相关指标、内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)、胱抑素-C、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)在不同TOAST分型IS患者中的差异;随访不同TOAST分型患者在出院6个月至1年的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分及Barthel指数,分析不同TOAST分型患者的预后。结果性别、年龄、病灶位置、病灶范围、是否合并心脏病、是否合并不良嗜好、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)、人血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)、EPCs比例、Hcy水平在不同TOAST分型IS患者中存在差异(P<0.05);EPCs、ox-LDL、Hcy、年龄、合并心脏病是影响IS患者TOAST分型的因素(P<0.05);SUE型IS患者的预后较其他类型IS患者差(P<0.05)。结论不同TOAST分型IS患者的临床特征、影响因素及预后均不同,应在治疗、预防上针对不同TOAST分型IS患者予以相应方案处理。展开更多
基金the financial support received from The Key Project of R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2022BBF01003)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-29).
文摘Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak aging.The fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel aromas.The concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak barrels.The concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting ones.The compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could not.The fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.
文摘目的:探究颈动脉斑块稳定性、不同急性脑卒中ORG10172治疗试验(trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的相关性。方法:将2020年9月至2023年7月于河南大学第一附属医院接受急性缺血性脑卒中治疗的126例患者纳入研究。按照颈动脉斑块稳定性情况分为稳定组71例和不稳定组55例。按照TOAST分型进行分组,分为小动脉闭塞性(small artery occlusive,SAO)组42例,大动脉粥样硬化(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)组24例,心源性脑栓塞(cardioembolism,CE)组23例,其他原因(strike of other determined etiology,SOE)组9例和原因不明(stroke of other undetermined etiology,SUE)组51例。比较不同TOAST分型和不同颈动脉斑块稳定性患者的Hcy水平和神经功能(美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分);并采用Spearman分析Hcy水平和颈动脉斑块稳定性与TOAST分型的相关性。结果:不稳定组Hcy水平和NIHSS评分均高于稳定组(P<0.05);LAA组患者的Hcy水平和NIHSS评分均高于SAO组、CE组、SOE组和SUE组(P<0.05);血清Hcy水平与TOAST分型呈正相关(r=0.316,0.452,0.398,0.363,0.322;P<0.05);血清Hcy水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性呈正相关(r=0.446;P<0.05)。结论:颈动脉斑块稳定性、TOAST分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清Hcy水平具有相关性,Hcy水平越高颈动脉斑块稳定性越差、TOAST分型越严重。
文摘目的探究血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型和长期预后的相关性。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月于珠海市人民医院住院治疗的首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者199例。依据血尿酸水平将患者分为4组[≤280μmol/L组(n=50)、280.1~331μmol/L组(n=50)、331.1~398μmol/L组(n=50)和>398μmol/L组(n=49)],分析各组血尿酸与TOAST分型等指标的相关性。采用改良Rankin量表评价患者发病3个月后的预后情况,0~2分为预后良好组(n=157),3~6分为预后不良组(n=42),比较两组预后与血尿酸等指标的相关性。结果不同血尿酸组TOAST分型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),性别、血脂异常占比和血同型半胱氨酸水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经有序多分类Logistic回归分析,男性(OR=2.984,95%CI:1.603~5.553,P=0.001)和血脂异常(OR=2.600,95%CI:1.442~4.686,P=0.001)均与高血尿酸水平有关。不同预后组血尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),基线NIHSS评分和基线Barthel指数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),经二元Logistic回归分析,较低基线Barthel指数是患者预后不良的危险因素(OR=0.905,95%CI:0.867~0.944,P=0.000)。结论血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者TOAST分型和预后未显示出相关性,但是男性和血脂异常均与高血尿酸有关,且较低基线Barthel指数提示预后不良。
基金supported by funds of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture(BMEL)based on a decision of the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany via the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food(BLE)under the Federal Programme Protein Crop Strategy(grant no.2815EPS058)
文摘Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level,and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals.In ruminants,protein,starch,and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before reaching the small intestine.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of ensiling and hydro-thermic treatment(i.e.,toasting at 160℃for 30 min)of grains of peas and field beans on the concentrations of post-ruminal crude protein(PRCP)and rumen-undegraded protein(RUP).Moreover,24-h gas production and methane production were measured.For this,an in vitro batch culture system with ruminal fluid from sheep was used.Rumen-undegraded protein was determined using the Streptomyces griseus protease test.Scanning electron micrographs were used to visualize morphological changes of starch granules and their joint matrices in peas and field beans after ensiling,toasting,or a combination of both.Native pea grains contained crude protein(CP)at 199 g/kg DM,PRCP at 155 g/kg DM at a ruminal passage rate of 0.08/h(Kp8),RUP at 33 g/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 530 g/kg DM.Native field beans contained CP at 296 g/kg DM,PRCP at 212 g/kg DM at Kp8,RUP at 54 g of/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 450 g/kg DM.The PRCP did not considerably differ among native and treated peas or field beans.Especially in the peas,RUP at Kp8 increased after ensiling by 10 g/kg DM(i.e.,30%;P<0.05).Toasting increased RUP(Kp8)in ensiled peas by another 28%(P<0.05).Toasting had no effect on PRCP or RUP when the peas or field beans were not ensiled before.Gas and methane production were not affected by any treatment,and scanning electron micrographs did not reveal structural changes on the starches doubtless of any treatment.Protein seemed to be more affected by treatment with ensiled+toasted peas than with ensiled+toasted field beans,but starches and other carbohydrates from both legumes remained unaffected.
文摘目的结合影像学检查探讨脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与TOAST分型之间有无相关性。方法结合影像学表现,将736例脑梗死患者按照TOAST分型标准进行亚型分型,大动脉粥样硬化型333例,小动脉闭塞型374例,心源性栓塞9例,其他病因型11例,不明原因型9例,按照性别进行分组,分别测定Hcy水平与TOAST分型亚型的相关性。结果心源性栓塞型、其他病因型、不明原因型3个亚组样本太小,差异无统计学意义;男性大动脉粥样硬化组Hcy水平高于小动脉闭塞组(13.65±9.65μmol/L vs 11.27±5.52μmol/L),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论整体患者中Hcy水平与TOAST分型不具有相关性。从性别来看,男性脑梗死患者中,更高的血浆Hcy水平更可能通过促进大动脉粥样硬化进而引起脑梗死。
文摘目的分析不同TOAST分型缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)患者的临床特征、影响因素及预后。方法选取浙江省医疗健康集团衢州医院2019年7月至2021年6月收治的缺血性脑梗死患者500例为研究对象,按照分类标准分为心源性栓塞型(cardioembolism,CE)、大动脉粥样硬化型(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)、小动脉闭塞型(small-artery occlusion lacunar,SAO)、其他原因引发的缺血性卒中(strike of other determined etiology,SOE),原因不明的缺血性卒中型(stroke of other undetermined etiology,SUE);分析年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、病灶位置、病灶范围、基础合并症、不良嗜好、血清炎症因子、脂质代谢相关指标、内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)、胱抑素-C、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)在不同TOAST分型IS患者中的差异;随访不同TOAST分型患者在出院6个月至1年的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分及Barthel指数,分析不同TOAST分型患者的预后。结果性别、年龄、病灶位置、病灶范围、是否合并心脏病、是否合并不良嗜好、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)、人血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)、EPCs比例、Hcy水平在不同TOAST分型IS患者中存在差异(P<0.05);EPCs、ox-LDL、Hcy、年龄、合并心脏病是影响IS患者TOAST分型的因素(P<0.05);SUE型IS患者的预后较其他类型IS患者差(P<0.05)。结论不同TOAST分型IS患者的临床特征、影响因素及预后均不同,应在治疗、预防上针对不同TOAST分型IS患者予以相应方案处理。