[ Objective] The paper was explore the control effects of combination of plant induced resistant agents against tobacco mosaic vires (TMV). [ Method ] The control effects of 6 different combinations of plant induced...[ Objective] The paper was explore the control effects of combination of plant induced resistant agents against tobacco mosaic vires (TMV). [ Method ] The control effects of 6 different combinations of plant induced resistant agents against TMV of flue-cured tobacco cultivar HangDa were studied under the environ- ment of simulated disease nursery. [ Result] The combination of 2 induced agents polypeptide-agent and 3-acetonyl-3-hydroxyoxindole (AHO) had good control effect against TMV, which could obviously delay the incidence time of TMV in infected tobacco plants. With water and Duxiao as control, their average control effects against TMV of tobacco plants during field period reached 69.64% and 43.25% after transplanting for 70 d. They also showed significant superiority accord- ing to Duncan's test (p = 0.05 ) in the aspects of plant height and leaf number, and the growth and development condition of leaves was good. Tobacco seedlings carrying TMV virus had no direct correlation with whether the symptoms performed, the seedlings carrying virus would perform symptom only when the incidence condition was suitable. The peak period for the incidence of TMV in seedlings carrying virus was during 19 d after transplanting. Spraying effective agents during nursery stage and field period, as well as promoting quick growth at the initial stage of tobacco seedlings after transplanting were the key measures to control its inci- dence. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for preparing the control measures against TMV.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal period of TMV control and the physiological sites that interfere with TMV infection. [Methods] Proteome analysis was performed on the host tissues(tobacco p...[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal period of TMV control and the physiological sites that interfere with TMV infection. [Methods] Proteome analysis was performed on the host tissues(tobacco plants) at different time periods of viral infection, to verify the changes in the expression of differential protein genes and N and PR1-a in the photosynthetic pathway and porphyrin metabolism and chlorophyll metabolism pathways in proteome; and the tobacco plants were treated with different preparations. [Results] The expression levels of N and PR1-a in the tobacco leaves treated with preparation B reached the highest level, and the effects on the expression levels of the differential protein genes were also the most significant. The control effects of the preparations were tested by the half-leaf method, and the results showed that preparation B had a significant control effect against the early infection of the virus.[Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus on crops.展开更多
On the basis of general situation and new characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Wuxi tobacco area in 2011, the paper expounded the objec-tive reasons of TMV via systemic investigation, field experiment an...On the basis of general situation and new characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Wuxi tobacco area in 2011, the paper expounded the objec-tive reasons of TMV via systemic investigation, field experiment and date sorting. Meanwhile, combined with mcteorological conditions and results of systemic inves-tigation, the study especially analyzed meteorological conditions, outbreak and prevalence regularity of TMV and control efficacy of chemical reagents against TMV. The results showed that climatic conditions were the main conditions affecting TMV. There were three occurrence peaks of TMV in 2011, as a result of meteorologi-cal conditions of the months from April to June. The peaks were concerned with a wide range of rainfall about half a month before, low temperature, high humidity and scant sunshine and temperature jump after rain. The results of control effects showed that the chemical reagents could obviously prevent TMV, but once tobacco plants were infected, spraying chemical reagents would not have effective control effect against TMV.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to screen out suitable agents for controlling tobacco mosaic virus disease and the best control period in Zhangzhou tobacco area, providing a theoretical basis for the control of ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to screen out suitable agents for controlling tobacco mosaic virus disease and the best control period in Zhangzhou tobacco area, providing a theoretical basis for the control of virus diseases, thereby improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco and the income of tobacco farmers. [Methods] The effects on tobacco mosaic virus disease under the interaction between different agents and different application periods were investigated. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease was investigated, and its control effect was analyzed. [Results] Different agents and different application periods had different control effects on tobacco mosaic virus disease. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease: At 30 and 45 d after transplanting, the incidences of A2B1 treatment were the lowest, at 0.85%, 1.71%, respectively;and at 60 d after transplanting, the incidence of A3B1 treatment was the lowest, only 10.68%. The control effect: At 30 and 45 d after transplanting, A2B1 treatment had better control effects, reaching 79.39% and 73.06%, respectively. [Conclusions] 3% hypersensitive protein sprayed at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting achieved the best effect, followed by 10% ningnanmycin sprayed at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting. In tobacco production, it is recommended to apply 1 000 times dilution of 3% supersensitive protein microgranules for three times(at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting), which can effectively prevent tobacco mosaic virus disease.展开更多
In this work,an adaptive sampling control strategy for distributed predictive control is proposed.According to the proposed method,the sampling rate of each subsystem of the accused object is determined based on the p...In this work,an adaptive sampling control strategy for distributed predictive control is proposed.According to the proposed method,the sampling rate of each subsystem of the accused object is determined based on the periodic detection of its dynamic behavior and calculations made using a correlation function.Then,the optimal sampling interval within the period is obtained and sent to the corresponding sub-prediction controller,and the sampling interval of the controller is changed accordingly before the next sampling period begins.In the next control period,the adaptive sampling mechanism recalculates the sampling rate of each subsystem’s measurable output variable according to both the abovementioned method and the change in the dynamic behavior of the entire system,and this process is repeated.Such an adaptive sampling interval selection based on an autocorrelation function that measures dynamic behavior can dynamically optimize the selection of sampling rate according to the real-time change in the dynamic behavior of the controlled object.It can also accurately capture dynamic changes,meaning that each sub-prediction controller can more accurately calculate the optimal control quantity at the next moment,significantly improving the performance of distributed model predictive control(DMPC).A comparison demonstrates that the proposed adaptive sampling DMPC algorithm has better tracking performance than the traditional DMPC algorithm.展开更多
To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) method in the pr...To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) method in the process of storage, the lam- ina samples of natural alcoholization for 1 year were selected. Comparable analysis on the appearance quality, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas in the process of alcoholization was carried out by using the meth- ods of CAS and natural alcoholization. The results showed that appearance and color through the treatment of natural alcoholization were deep, browning and ac- companied by the phenomenon of oil, while color scale of flue-cured tobacco lami- nas through the treatment of CAS was uniform, fullness was better, and these two methods were close or identical after opening for 3 months. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar during the process of alcoholization were also gradually decreased, but the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of laminas via CAS was higher than that of the natural alcoholization treatment. Compared with the natural alcoholization,the descending trends of total nitrogen and nicotine contents during CAS were gentler, the ratio via CAS was closer to 1, and the coordination of chemical components was more superior. During the period of alcoholization for 6 to 12 months, sensory quality of laminas via the natural alcoholization treatment was more superior than that of CAS treatment. However, after 18 months of alcoholiza- tion, sensory quality of laminas via the CAS treatment was more superior than that of the natural alcoholization treatment, and the CAS treatment could improve opti- mum sensory quality by 0.5 to 1.5 scores. Additionally, the CAS treatment could prolong the time of optimum alcoholization quality for 6 months, compared with the treatment of natural alcoholization. The CAS method could influence the alcohoJiza- tion quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas and prolong the retention period of opti- mum quality status for flue-cured tobacco laminas by regulating the environmental aas composition, thereby realizin.q quality control of flue-cured tobacco laminas.展开更多
In agriculture, chemical insecticides are widely used to protect crops from insect pests. Over a period of years, some insects such as Colorado potato beetle (CPB) succeed in developing resistance to most of the reg...In agriculture, chemical insecticides are widely used to protect crops from insect pests. Over a period of years, some insects such as Colorado potato beetle (CPB) succeed in developing resistance to most of the registered chemical insecticides. Consequently, heavy applications of chemical insecticides to control this pest become ineffective on a long-term basis and can lead to serious health and environmental problems. The use of natural enemies to control CPB is an interesting alternative to chemical means However, hand release of predators is not feasible on a large scale in the field. The main objective of this research study was to design and build a test bench to investigate the technical feasibility of mechanically releasing predators. The test bench consisted of a vertical chain conveyor mounted on two vertical shafts driven by an electric motor. Since the predators are small and fragile, they were placed in a specially designed container to preserve their physical integrity. Trials using this test bench showed that a carrier material was required, because most of the predators remained inside the container. The success of this mass predator release system will be highly valuable for the biological control of insect pests in many crops.展开更多
The CPB (Colorado potato beetle), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the major insect pest of potato crops in North America, Europe and Asia. Large amounts of chemical insecticides are used to control this insect...The CPB (Colorado potato beetle), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the major insect pest of potato crops in North America, Europe and Asia. Large amounts of chemical insecticides are used to control this insect pest. Also, the CPB has developed over the years a resistance to most of the registered chemical insecticides, including those that were effective at one time. One of the most promising alternatives to chemical insecticides consists of taking advantage of natural enemies. The use of the stinkbug predator Perillus bioculatus to control the CPB has been successful at small scale. However, this natural enemy is not abundant in the nature and its hand release at large scale is not realistic. To remedy to this problem, predators must be massively released in potato fields using a mechanical distributor. Such a machine has been successfully designed and built at the Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering of University Lavak In this distributor, masses of predators are placed in small containers and mixed with a carrier material. In the field, the containers are mechanically opened at different locations, based on a source-point mass release option. These locations are determined in advance following a field monitoring of the populations of CPBs. Field trials proved that the mechanical distributor is reliable and ease of use. Its efficiency in releasing insect predators is high and comparable to that obtained in previous laboratory tests.展开更多
The CPB (Colorado potato beetle) is unquestionably the major insect pest of potato crops in North America, Europe, and Asia. The use of chemical insecticides to control this insect pest started in the 1860s. To date...The CPB (Colorado potato beetle) is unquestionably the major insect pest of potato crops in North America, Europe, and Asia. The use of chemical insecticides to control this insect pest started in the 1860s. To date, no registered chemical has been capable of effectively managing this agricultural pest. Moreover, the CPB has developed over the years a resistance to most of the registered chemical insecticides. The biological control through manual release of natural enemies of the CPB has been successful at small scale. However, hand release of these predators at large scale is not realistic. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of controlling the CPB through mechanical release of predator insects under real conditions in a potato field. Obtained results indicate that the mechanical release of predator insects resulted in a better control of the CPB populations and egg masses than the manual release. The success of this mechanical release of predator insects in potato fields will be highly valuable for the biological control of insect pests in many other row crops such as strawberry, lettuce, etc..展开更多
Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia Decoction(GXBD)is a traditional Chinese herbal formula including four traditional Chinese medicines:Gualou(Trichosanthis Fructus,TF),Xiebai(Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,AMB),Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma...Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia Decoction(GXBD)is a traditional Chinese herbal formula including four traditional Chinese medicines:Gualou(Trichosanthis Fructus,TF),Xiebai(Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,AMB),Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma,PR)and yellow wine.It is a classical therapy for chest stuffiness and pain syndrome and is widely used in the clinical treatment of coronary heart disease.It also shows significant therapeutic effects on pulmonary heart disease,hyperlipidemia,and arrhythmia.This study conducted a literature review and collected information on GXBD from databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect.The result indicated that the main active ingredients of GXBD are steroids,flavonoids,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,and organic acids.Trigonelline,macrostemonoside and cucurbitacin B can provide reference for its quality control.GXBD may exert therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease through AMPK,PI3K-AKT,oxLDL,VEGF,and NF-κB signal pathways.This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the chemical composition and in vivo metabolism of three traditional Chinese medicines(TF,AMB,and PR),along with an evaluation of the chemical composition,quality control,pharmacological effects,and clinical application of GXBD.Based on these,areas requiring further research on GXBD have been proposed to provide a reference for its further development and new drug research.展开更多
A reasonable discrimination method for ablative control mechanism in solid-propellant rocket nozzle can improve the calculation accuracy of ablation rate. Based on the different rate constants for reactions of C with ...A reasonable discrimination method for ablative control mechanism in solid-propellant rocket nozzle can improve the calculation accuracy of ablation rate. Based on the different rate constants for reactions of C with H2O and CO2,a new discrimination method for ablative control mechanism,which comprehensively considers the influence of nozzle surface temperature and gas component concentration,is presented. Using this new discrimination method,calculations were performed to simulate the nozzle throat insert ablation. The numerical results showed that the calculated ablation rate,which was more close to the measured values,was less than the value calculated by diffusion control mechanisms or by double control mechanisms. And H2O was proved to be the most detrimental oxidizing species in nozzle ablation.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Project of China National Tobacco Company(110200801017)Co-funded Project of Yunnan Tobacco Company KunmingBranch(2010076)~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was explore the control effects of combination of plant induced resistant agents against tobacco mosaic vires (TMV). [ Method ] The control effects of 6 different combinations of plant induced resistant agents against TMV of flue-cured tobacco cultivar HangDa were studied under the environ- ment of simulated disease nursery. [ Result] The combination of 2 induced agents polypeptide-agent and 3-acetonyl-3-hydroxyoxindole (AHO) had good control effect against TMV, which could obviously delay the incidence time of TMV in infected tobacco plants. With water and Duxiao as control, their average control effects against TMV of tobacco plants during field period reached 69.64% and 43.25% after transplanting for 70 d. They also showed significant superiority accord- ing to Duncan's test (p = 0.05 ) in the aspects of plant height and leaf number, and the growth and development condition of leaves was good. Tobacco seedlings carrying TMV virus had no direct correlation with whether the symptoms performed, the seedlings carrying virus would perform symptom only when the incidence condition was suitable. The peak period for the incidence of TMV in seedlings carrying virus was during 19 d after transplanting. Spraying effective agents during nursery stage and field period, as well as promoting quick growth at the initial stage of tobacco seedlings after transplanting were the key measures to control its inci- dence. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for preparing the control measures against TMV.
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal period of TMV control and the physiological sites that interfere with TMV infection. [Methods] Proteome analysis was performed on the host tissues(tobacco plants) at different time periods of viral infection, to verify the changes in the expression of differential protein genes and N and PR1-a in the photosynthetic pathway and porphyrin metabolism and chlorophyll metabolism pathways in proteome; and the tobacco plants were treated with different preparations. [Results] The expression levels of N and PR1-a in the tobacco leaves treated with preparation B reached the highest level, and the effects on the expression levels of the differential protein genes were also the most significant. The control effects of the preparations were tested by the half-leaf method, and the results showed that preparation B had a significant control effect against the early infection of the virus.[Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus on crops.
基金Supported by Project of Chongqing Tobacco Monopoly Bureau "Investigation and Research of Harmful Organisms in Tobacco of Chongqing City"
文摘On the basis of general situation and new characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Wuxi tobacco area in 2011, the paper expounded the objec-tive reasons of TMV via systemic investigation, field experiment and date sorting. Meanwhile, combined with mcteorological conditions and results of systemic inves-tigation, the study especially analyzed meteorological conditions, outbreak and prevalence regularity of TMV and control efficacy of chemical reagents against TMV. The results showed that climatic conditions were the main conditions affecting TMV. There were three occurrence peaks of TMV in 2011, as a result of meteorologi-cal conditions of the months from April to June. The peaks were concerned with a wide range of rainfall about half a month before, low temperature, high humidity and scant sunshine and temperature jump after rain. The results of control effects showed that the chemical reagents could obviously prevent TMV, but once tobacco plants were infected, spraying chemical reagents would not have effective control effect against TMV.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Ganzhou Tobacco Company of Jiangxi Province(GSYJ[2016]9)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to screen out suitable agents for controlling tobacco mosaic virus disease and the best control period in Zhangzhou tobacco area, providing a theoretical basis for the control of virus diseases, thereby improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco and the income of tobacco farmers. [Methods] The effects on tobacco mosaic virus disease under the interaction between different agents and different application periods were investigated. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease was investigated, and its control effect was analyzed. [Results] Different agents and different application periods had different control effects on tobacco mosaic virus disease. The incidence of tobacco mosaic virus disease: At 30 and 45 d after transplanting, the incidences of A2B1 treatment were the lowest, at 0.85%, 1.71%, respectively;and at 60 d after transplanting, the incidence of A3B1 treatment was the lowest, only 10.68%. The control effect: At 30 and 45 d after transplanting, A2B1 treatment had better control effects, reaching 79.39% and 73.06%, respectively. [Conclusions] 3% hypersensitive protein sprayed at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting achieved the best effect, followed by 10% ningnanmycin sprayed at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting. In tobacco production, it is recommended to apply 1 000 times dilution of 3% supersensitive protein microgranules for three times(at 1 d before transplanting and 7 and 15 d after transplanting), which can effectively prevent tobacco mosaic virus disease.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61563032,61963025)The Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Control for Industrial Processes(2019KX01)The Project of Industrial support and guidance of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province(2019C05).
文摘In this work,an adaptive sampling control strategy for distributed predictive control is proposed.According to the proposed method,the sampling rate of each subsystem of the accused object is determined based on the periodic detection of its dynamic behavior and calculations made using a correlation function.Then,the optimal sampling interval within the period is obtained and sent to the corresponding sub-prediction controller,and the sampling interval of the controller is changed accordingly before the next sampling period begins.In the next control period,the adaptive sampling mechanism recalculates the sampling rate of each subsystem’s measurable output variable according to both the abovementioned method and the change in the dynamic behavior of the entire system,and this process is repeated.Such an adaptive sampling interval selection based on an autocorrelation function that measures dynamic behavior can dynamically optimize the selection of sampling rate according to the real-time change in the dynamic behavior of the controlled object.It can also accurately capture dynamic changes,meaning that each sub-prediction controller can more accurately calculate the optimal control quantity at the next moment,significantly improving the performance of distributed model predictive control(DMPC).A comparison demonstrates that the proposed adaptive sampling DMPC algorithm has better tracking performance than the traditional DMPC algorithm.
文摘To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) method in the process of storage, the lam- ina samples of natural alcoholization for 1 year were selected. Comparable analysis on the appearance quality, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas in the process of alcoholization was carried out by using the meth- ods of CAS and natural alcoholization. The results showed that appearance and color through the treatment of natural alcoholization were deep, browning and ac- companied by the phenomenon of oil, while color scale of flue-cured tobacco lami- nas through the treatment of CAS was uniform, fullness was better, and these two methods were close or identical after opening for 3 months. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar during the process of alcoholization were also gradually decreased, but the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of laminas via CAS was higher than that of the natural alcoholization treatment. Compared with the natural alcoholization,the descending trends of total nitrogen and nicotine contents during CAS were gentler, the ratio via CAS was closer to 1, and the coordination of chemical components was more superior. During the period of alcoholization for 6 to 12 months, sensory quality of laminas via the natural alcoholization treatment was more superior than that of CAS treatment. However, after 18 months of alcoholiza- tion, sensory quality of laminas via the CAS treatment was more superior than that of the natural alcoholization treatment, and the CAS treatment could improve opti- mum sensory quality by 0.5 to 1.5 scores. Additionally, the CAS treatment could prolong the time of optimum alcoholization quality for 6 months, compared with the treatment of natural alcoholization. The CAS method could influence the alcohoJiza- tion quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas and prolong the retention period of opti- mum quality status for flue-cured tobacco laminas by regulating the environmental aas composition, thereby realizin.q quality control of flue-cured tobacco laminas.
文摘In agriculture, chemical insecticides are widely used to protect crops from insect pests. Over a period of years, some insects such as Colorado potato beetle (CPB) succeed in developing resistance to most of the registered chemical insecticides. Consequently, heavy applications of chemical insecticides to control this pest become ineffective on a long-term basis and can lead to serious health and environmental problems. The use of natural enemies to control CPB is an interesting alternative to chemical means However, hand release of predators is not feasible on a large scale in the field. The main objective of this research study was to design and build a test bench to investigate the technical feasibility of mechanically releasing predators. The test bench consisted of a vertical chain conveyor mounted on two vertical shafts driven by an electric motor. Since the predators are small and fragile, they were placed in a specially designed container to preserve their physical integrity. Trials using this test bench showed that a carrier material was required, because most of the predators remained inside the container. The success of this mass predator release system will be highly valuable for the biological control of insect pests in many crops.
文摘The CPB (Colorado potato beetle), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the major insect pest of potato crops in North America, Europe and Asia. Large amounts of chemical insecticides are used to control this insect pest. Also, the CPB has developed over the years a resistance to most of the registered chemical insecticides, including those that were effective at one time. One of the most promising alternatives to chemical insecticides consists of taking advantage of natural enemies. The use of the stinkbug predator Perillus bioculatus to control the CPB has been successful at small scale. However, this natural enemy is not abundant in the nature and its hand release at large scale is not realistic. To remedy to this problem, predators must be massively released in potato fields using a mechanical distributor. Such a machine has been successfully designed and built at the Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering of University Lavak In this distributor, masses of predators are placed in small containers and mixed with a carrier material. In the field, the containers are mechanically opened at different locations, based on a source-point mass release option. These locations are determined in advance following a field monitoring of the populations of CPBs. Field trials proved that the mechanical distributor is reliable and ease of use. Its efficiency in releasing insect predators is high and comparable to that obtained in previous laboratory tests.
文摘The CPB (Colorado potato beetle) is unquestionably the major insect pest of potato crops in North America, Europe, and Asia. The use of chemical insecticides to control this insect pest started in the 1860s. To date, no registered chemical has been capable of effectively managing this agricultural pest. Moreover, the CPB has developed over the years a resistance to most of the registered chemical insecticides. The biological control through manual release of natural enemies of the CPB has been successful at small scale. However, hand release of these predators at large scale is not realistic. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of controlling the CPB through mechanical release of predator insects under real conditions in a potato field. Obtained results indicate that the mechanical release of predator insects resulted in a better control of the CPB populations and egg masses than the manual release. The success of this mechanical release of predator insects in potato fields will be highly valuable for the biological control of insect pests in many other row crops such as strawberry, lettuce, etc..
基金National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (grant number: 81973696).
文摘Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia Decoction(GXBD)is a traditional Chinese herbal formula including four traditional Chinese medicines:Gualou(Trichosanthis Fructus,TF),Xiebai(Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,AMB),Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma,PR)and yellow wine.It is a classical therapy for chest stuffiness and pain syndrome and is widely used in the clinical treatment of coronary heart disease.It also shows significant therapeutic effects on pulmonary heart disease,hyperlipidemia,and arrhythmia.This study conducted a literature review and collected information on GXBD from databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect.The result indicated that the main active ingredients of GXBD are steroids,flavonoids,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,and organic acids.Trigonelline,macrostemonoside and cucurbitacin B can provide reference for its quality control.GXBD may exert therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease through AMPK,PI3K-AKT,oxLDL,VEGF,and NF-κB signal pathways.This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the chemical composition and in vivo metabolism of three traditional Chinese medicines(TF,AMB,and PR),along with an evaluation of the chemical composition,quality control,pharmacological effects,and clinical application of GXBD.Based on these,areas requiring further research on GXBD have been proposed to provide a reference for its further development and new drug research.
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China("863"Project)(Grant No.2008AA7020508).
文摘A reasonable discrimination method for ablative control mechanism in solid-propellant rocket nozzle can improve the calculation accuracy of ablation rate. Based on the different rate constants for reactions of C with H2O and CO2,a new discrimination method for ablative control mechanism,which comprehensively considers the influence of nozzle surface temperature and gas component concentration,is presented. Using this new discrimination method,calculations were performed to simulate the nozzle throat insert ablation. The numerical results showed that the calculated ablation rate,which was more close to the measured values,was less than the value calculated by diffusion control mechanisms or by double control mechanisms. And H2O was proved to be the most detrimental oxidizing species in nozzle ablation.