Effects of Microbial Fertilizers in Improving Acidic Tobacco-planting Soil and Tobacco Leaf Quality

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality were investigated through plot experiments.[Results]The application of microbial fertilizers could improve the pH value of acidic soil,and composite microbial agent A showed the best application effect.The application of bio-organic fertilizer was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent A was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil,and could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.The application of composite microbial agent B led to a downward trend in the content of available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent B could promote the absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants,and improve their disease resistance and the quality of tobacco leaves.Due to the differences in functional microorganisms contained,the application effects of different microbial fertilizers in improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and improving tobacco leaf quality varied.Overall,the application of microbial fertilizers could increase soil pH,activate soil nutrients,promote tobacco growth,enhance disease resistance,increase tobacco output value,and improve tobacco quality.Microbial fertilizers have good application prospects in improving acidic soil and improving tobacco quality.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizers to improve acidic tobacco-planting soil can ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality,achieving high-quality and sustainable development of Zhaotong tobacco.

Effects of Different Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Techniques on Flue-cured Tobacco Production

[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.[Methods]Different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for tobacco were designed by optimizing and adjusting the application amounts and proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in fertilizer formulas,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for flue-cured tobacco production were selected through a field plot experiment.[Results]The combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing was conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants under the condition of reduced fertilizer application,and the treatment using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the special base fertilizer was the most obvious,with an average growth period of two days increased.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium and superior tobacco increased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,with the yield increasing by 5.96%,the output value increasing by 17.08%,the average price increasing by 10.49%,the proportion of superior tobacco increasing by 4.63%,and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco increasing by 2.44%.It was concluded from indexes including growth period,agronomic traits,disease incidence and economic traits,the fertilization mode of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the addition of trace elements(boron,magnesium and zinc)applied as the base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium topdressing was most efficient and economic.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.

Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Chemical Composition

Through field experiment,special biological fertilizer and cake fertilizer were applied collectively to tobacco,and chemical compositions of Wanxi flue-cured tobacco leaves were researched.The results showed that the increase of biological organic fertilizer would significantly improve soil nutrient supplying capacity.Compared with conventional fertilization,the contents of reducing sugar,total sugar and starch in different parts of tobaccos which were applied with biological organic fertilizer were closer to standards of excellent tobacco.In the treatment,the ratio of reducing sugar and nicotine in tobacco was more suitable in middle and lower parts of the plant and the contents of total N,nicotine and chlorine in tobacco were lowered,improving tobacco quality.

Effects of Foliar Spraying of Magnesiumpotassium Sulfate Fertilizer on Absorption of Magnesium, Potassium and Calcium in Differentposition Tobacco Leaves

[Objective] ln the Mg-deficient （exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio ＆gt; 20） tobacco-growing areas in Qujing City of Yunnan Province, the ratio of Ca/Mg was adjusted by applying Mg fertilizer in soil and spraying Mg fertilizer on tobacco leaves. ln ad-dition, the effects of Mg fertilization on the absorption of K, Ca and Mg in flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated, providing theoretical basis and production guidance for the balanced fertilization technology in the Mg-deficient flue-cured to-bacco-growing areas in Qujing City of Yunnan Province. [Method] The field plot test and randomized complete block design were adopted in this research. The group without Mg fertilization was treated as control. There were 3 treatment groups for foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer and 2 treatment groups for soil application ＋ foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer. The tobac-co roots, stems, lower leaves, middle leaves and upper leaves were dried and weighed. They were grinded for the determination of K, Ca and Mg content. The total K, Ca and Mg content in upper （B2F）, middle （C3F） and lower （X2F） flue-cured tobacco leaves in each plot was measured. [Result] The foliar spraying and soil application ＋ foliar spraying al increased the absorption of Mg and K in middle and lower tobacco leaves and the absorption of Ca in lower tobacco leaves, but de-creased the absorption of Mg, K and Ca in upper leaves and the absorption of Ca in middle leaves. Among the positions, the accumulated distribution of Mg, K and Ca ranked as middle leaves ＆gt; lower leaves ＆gt; upper leaves. With the application of Mg fertilizer, the Ca/Mg ratio and K/Mg ratio al decreased in middle and upper to-bacco leaves; while the Ca/Mg ratio increased in the lower tobacco leaves, and the K/Mg ratio showed no significant difference among treatment groups. [Conclusion] The foliar spraying and soil application ＋ foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer affected the Ca/Mg ratio and K/Mg ratio in tobacco leaves mainly through affecting the absorption of Mg.

Effects of Applying Bio-bacterial Fertilizer on Aroma Components of Flue-cured Tobacco

Objective] This research aimed to investigate the effects of bio-bacterial fertilizer on quality of flue-curved tobacco. [Method] The various concentrations of bio-bacterial fertilizer were applied to flue-cured tobacco as leaf fertilizer and base fertilizer respectively. [Result] The effect of bio-bacterial fertilizer on flue-cured tobac-co differed among different treatments. Compared with the control, the bio-bacterial fertilizer significantly affected the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Among al the treat-ments, Treatment 3（leaf fertilizer） showed the best treatment effect, and it significant-ly improved the quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Conclusion] The bio-bacterial fertilizer showed significant improving effect on quality of flue-cured tobacco if spayed as leaf fertilizer.

Study on Effect of Engran Series of Microbial Organic Fertilizers on Flue-cured Tobacco

[Objective] This study was conducted to provide theoretic support for improving yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco by applying microbial organic fertilizers. [Method] A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of the Engran series of microbial organic fertilizers on growth and development, diseases and pests and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco. [Result] The result showed that the treatment of conventional fertilization ＋ Engran microbial agent could promote the growth and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco during the growth period in the field, enhance the disease resistance of tobacco, and improve yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco and income of tobacco growers. Compared with T1,the proportion of high-grade tobacco, the proportion of mid-high grade tobacco,yield, output value and average price increased by 4.4%, 3.8%, 5.48%, 11.51% and5.73% respectively. [Conclusion] The treatment of conventional fertilization ＋ Engran microbial agent showed outstanding performance, is optimum for field production,and could be applied to Flue-cured tobacco.

Effects of the Combined Use of Tobacco Special Inorganic Fertilizer and Cake Organic Fertilizer on the Quality of Tobacco K326

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combined use of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer on the growth and development as well as the quality of tobacco leaves.[Method] Different ratios of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer were applied.Then,the agronomic traits and leaf quality determining factors were measured and analyzed at different growing stages.[Result] Compared with the control,the tobacco plant height was increased by 3.01％-5.84％,while the number of valid leaves was increased by 5.56％-20.39％ in all the treatments with combined use of fertilizers.The ratio of sugar to nicotine of leaf was closer to 10±1,and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of leaf was closer to 1±0.1.In addition,the combined use of 750 kg/hm2 tobacco special base fertilizer and 292 kg/hm2 cake organic fertilizer had a better effect for improving the agronomic traits and flavor qualities than all the other treatments.[Conclusion] This study will provide reference for developing special full-aroma tobacco leaf product and new tobacco special fertilizers in Hunan.

Effects of Straw Covering and Different Types of Potassium Fertilizer on Salinity Accumulation in Surface Layer of Tobacco-planted Paddy Soil

[Objective] This study aimed to investigation the effects of straw covering and different types of potassium fertilizer on salinity accumulation in surface layer of tobacco-planted paddy soil in southern China. [Method] Tobacco variety ‘Yunyan87’ was used as the experimental material to investigate the effects of salinity accumulation in surface layer of tobacco-planted paddy soil on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco using different types of potassium fertilizer and mulching cultivation methods. [Result] The results showed that K＋ , Ca2＋ , SO42and NO3-were the major salt ions in topsoil at different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco, Na ＋ and Mg2＋ contents were also relatively high at vigorous growth stage, indicating that these salt ions were easily accumulated in surface layer of soil; to be specific, the absolute increase of salt ion concentration showed a decreasing order of K＋ SO42- NO3-Ca2＋ Mg2＋ Na＋ Cl-, while the relative increase of salt ion concentration showed a decreasing order of Ca2＋ K＋ Na＋ NO3-SO42-Mg2＋ Cl-. At 60 d posttransplanting, total salt content in topsoil reached the minimum of 359.1 mg/kg in Treatment 2, total salt content in topsoil reached the maximum of 536.1 mg/kg in Treatment 5 （CK）, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. At 90 d post-transplanting, no significant difference was observed in total salt content among various treatments. At harvesting period, total salt content in topsoil reached the maximum of 3 278.4 mg/kg in Treatment 1, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. Topsoil pH showed no significant differences among various treatments at three different periods, ranging from 5.39 to 5.59. Straw covering could effectively reduce salt content in topsoil, accelerate vigorous growth of tobacco, shorten vigorous growth period and increase plant height, leaf number and lead area; at vigorous growth stage, root vitality and root volume of tobacco were improved, but the yield and output value were relatively low. Major agronomic traits and yield of tobacco showed no significant difference among various treatments. Output value of tobacco reached the maximum of 24 196.8 yuan/hm2 in Treatment 3, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. [Conclusion] Appropriate types and proportions of potassium fertilizer and straw covering can effectively reduce the total salt content in tobacco-planted paddy soil and increase the effective supply amount of K＋ , Ca2＋ , SO42-and NO3-, thereby promoting and improving the root vitality of tobacco, which is conducive to the growth and development of tobacco and will eventually enhance the yield, quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.

Study on Controlling Tobacco Root-knot Nematode by Fertilizer and Pesticide Synergy

Synergism between pesticide and fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematode was investigated by field randomized block test. The results showed that the best control efficiency was shared by 0.5% abamectin and 25% mixed pesticide （abamectin and carbosulfan）, 24.1% and 28.0%, respectively. The positive effect was found by synergism between pesticide and fertiUzer in controlling reot-knot nematode. The economic benefit and agricultural benefit were gained by controlling root-knot nematodes. The results suggested that the agricultural and ecological benefit could be gained through the integration of agricultural practice and chemical technology in controlling root-knot nematode.

Effect of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer in Different Ratios on Growth,Yield and Quality of Fluecured Tobacco

The effect of different ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was studied.Using randomized blocks design,the data of the test materials K326 were analyzed by using variance analysis,significance test and other methods.The release efficiency of organic fertilizer in the soil was slower,and the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of tobacco plants was worse than that of chemical fertilizers,and under 25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer treatment,the quality of the fluecured tobacco was good.Under the treatment of 50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer,the production of flue-cured tobacco was high and the ratio of first-class tobacco was high.It is suggested that the organic fertilizer application ratio should be 25%-50% in the agricultural production.

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Soil Microbial Communities and Disease Resistance of Tobacco

In this study, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt on soil microbial communities and disease resist- ance of tobacco were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilizer treatments （T3 and T4） decreased remarkably among four treatments in the field. Compared with the local conventional fertilization group, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was re- duced by 21.9% and 25.0% in T3 and T4, respectively ; the yield of flue-cured tobacco was improved by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively ; the proportion of mid- high grade tobacco leaves increased by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively. After application of bio-organie fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil microbial communities exhibited vast amount and abundant species ; the amount of rhizosphere soil bacteria of infected tobacco plants was im- proved by 218.5% with fewer species. It could be concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt could improve the ecological environment of tobacco field, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, decrease the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco. This study laid the foundation for further ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of tobacco.

Effects of Different Analog Water-soluble Fertilizers on Flue-cured Tobacco

This study aimed to investigate the application effect of analog water-soluble fertilizer as an alternative of flue-cured tobacco-specific topdressing fertilizer. A field experiment was conducted, and the dry matter accumulation, intrinsic chemical composition, smoking quality and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco were compared between analog water-soluble fertilizer and conventional fertilizer, The results showed compared with conventional fertilizer, analog water-soluble fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco by 4.90%-16.70%, increased the yield of flue-cured tobacco by 6%-15%, and increased the output of flue-cured tobacco by 5%-14%. In terms of chemical composition, the flue-cured tobacco applied with analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than that applied with conventional fertilizer, except the nicotine content in the upper leaves, the potassium content in the middle leaves and the reducing sugar content. The smoking quality of both the upper and middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the analog water-soluble fertilizer treatment groups was better than that in the conventional fertilizer treatment group. In short, analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than conventional fertilizer, with advantages of lower cost （reduced by 381.60 yuan/hm2）, lower application amount （reduced by 165 kg/hm2） and higher utilization efficiency.

Effect of Fertilizer N Forms on Physiological Metabolism and Potassium Uptake of Flue-Cured Tobacco

The growth, chlorophyll composition, photosynthesis, respiration, K uptake and root K+ secretion offlue-cured tobacco as thected by different concentrations of N supplied as urea, NaNO3 and NH4NO3 werestudied under the experimental condition of sand culture. The results showed that the content of K in thefiue-cured tobacco was not merely related with root vitality and uptake but also closely related with root cellmembrane structure and K+ secretion.

Effect of Amino Acid Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Fertilizer Reducing and Efficiency Increasing

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effect of amino acid fertilizer on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] With Yunyan 87 as tested flue-cured tobacco varieties, three treatments （chemical fertilizer （control）, chemical fertilizer＋solid amino acid, chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acid） were set up to study the effects of amino acid fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco fertilizer reducing and efficiency increasing by means of contrast in the same field. [Result] The flue-cured tobacco applied solid amino acid fertilizer had the best performances of overall agronomic traits and the highest yield, while liquid amino acid fertilizer was conductive to the top leaf opening, making the raw tobacco appearance best, and could increase the proportion of middle and high quality tobacco, gaining good economic benefits. The flue-cured tobacco treated by liquid amino acid fertilizer had the optimal ratio of total sugar to nicotine and disaccharide differences in tobacco leaves, and the best coordination of chemical composition. Compared with the contrel, tobacco treated by amino acid fertilizer had less irritating and more comfortable taste, and the tobacco treated by liquid amino acid had light miscellaneous gas, and the best overall performance of sensory quality. [Conclusion] Chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acids is conductive to promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

Effects of Organic Fertilizers on Tobacco Growth and Heavy Metal Contents in Flue-cured Tobacco

Pb, Cd and As are main heavy metal elements in tobacco leaves in China. Through the application of organic fertilizers in the tobacco area of Pu'er City, the effects on tobacco growth and heavy metal contents were investigated. The results showed that the tobacco plants in the treatments applied with organic fertilizers as the base fertilizer grew at a lower rate and had relatively smaller stem girth and leaf number than the treatment applied with the compound fertilizer special for tobacco in early growth period, and the differences between various treatments were not significant. After applying the organic fertilizers, they had a positive effect in reducing heavy metal contents of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of applying oil cake was better, followed by the treatment of chicken manure plus oil cake. The sole application of chicken manure had a certain effect on the control of Hg, As and Pb, but the Cd content increased. For the areas with high heavy metal levels, the selection of appropriate organic fertilizers has a practical significance to the reduction of heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves.

Soil Fertility Properties of Tobacco Growing Area in Jiyuan

Soil fertility properties of the main tobacco growing area in Jiyuan （Shaoyuan,Wangwu,Xiaye and Daiyu） in west Henan Province were analyzed. Results showed that Jiyuan was one of the potential areas which could produce tobacco leaves with high quality. Its main properties of soli fertility were as follows：the content of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,olsen-phosphorus and organic matters were suitable for high-quality tobacco production; especially,all the flue-cured tobacco growing areas in Henan Province were rich in available potassium; besides,the concentrate of water soluble chloride ion was at reasonable level. The problem was that the micro-elements such as Zn-DTPA and available boron content were at a low level in individual areas. Based on this survey,the recommendations for fertilization in Jiyuan such as stabilizing nitrogen rate,increasing phosphorus,stabilizing potassium,and applying boron commonly and supplementing zinc for the deficient soils were put forward.

Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Carbon and Nitrogen Components of Tobacco Topsoil

In order to explore the fertilizing ways and dynamic changes of soil carbon and nitrogen in the main producing areas of tobacco in Guizhou,research was conducted to study the variations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen,total organic carbon and nitrogen and their ratio of tobacco-topsoil in organic fertilization pattern and conventional cultivation pattern （No fertilizer as control） by pot experiment.The results were as follows：（1） The effects of different fertilization patterns on soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen and total organic carbon and nitrogen were significantly different.The content of DOC,DON,TOC and TON in tobaccotopsoil was decreased with the advancing of growth period in conventional fertilization pattern.In the conventional fertilization pattern,the accumulation of DOC and TOC was increased first and then decreased,and the accumulation of DON and TON was decreased first and then increased.（2） The TOC content at the different growing stage and DOC content at the middle and later stage of tobacco were significantly improved in organic fertilization patterns.The accumulation of DON and TON in the conventional fertilization pattern was significantly higher than those in the organic fertilizer pattern and control at the rosette stage and vigorous stage.In the harvest period,the content of DOC,DON,TOC and TON of tobacco-topsoil in the conventional fertilization and organic fertilization pattern was significantly higher than those in the control.（3）The DOC/DON ratio and the TOC/TiON ratio was increased gradually with the advancing of growth period in conventional fertilization pattern,but they were increased first and then decreased in the organic fertilization pattern and CK.The DOC/DON and TOC/TON ratio of tobacco-topsoil in different fertilization patterns was showed as Y J＞ CK＞ CG at the different growing stage.The experiment results revealed that：The organic fertilization pattern may improve significantly the accumulation of DOC,DON,TOC and TON of tobacco-topsoil at the middle and later stage and the DOC/DON and TOC/TON ratio at the different growth stage.It contributed to the continuous and balanced supply of nutrients at the middle and later stage of tobacco and the soil fertility.

In Vitro Fertilization in Maize and Tobacco: The Fusion Patterns During Sexual Cell Fusion

Large scale of sexual cell fusion was carried out in order to observe the fusion pattern during in vitro fertilization with special interest in the influence of cell volume on the membrane behavior. Three patterns could be recognized in sexual cell fusion, which was supported by fluorescent microscopy with the aid of video enhanced system and cooled CCD. It was found that the fusion pattern and cell membrane behavior were related to the cell volume ratio of two fusing cells. The results reported here might be useful for interpreting and evaluating data from in vitro fertilization experiments and for explaining male cytoplasm exclusion during fertilization.

Distribution of Crystal Organic Fertilizer-N in Soil-plant System

The distribution of crystal organic fertilizer, urea and compound fertilizer-N in soil and plant system was researched with 15N-trace under tobacco pot experiment. The results showed that the leaf yield of tobacco used crystal organic fertilizer was 23.1% and 14.6% higher than that of urea and compound fertilizer treatments respectively. Compound fertilizer also resulted in higher yield of 8.5 % comparing with the urea treatment. Nitrogen content of the plant from the crystal organic fertilizer treatment was 138. 6% and 145.7% as high as that of the compound fertilizer and urea treatments respectively. The absorbed N from the organic fertilizer was 25.1% and 27.9% more than that from the compound fertilizer and urea respectively. However, the absorbed N from the soil with the organic fertilizer was 47.4% and 58.3% more than that with compound fertilizer and urea respectively. The N use efficiency of the organic fertilizer was 9.4% and 10.1% higher than that of the compound fertilizer and urea. It indicated that the crystal organic fertilizer not only had high N use efficiency, but also stimulated tobacco taking up more N from soil.

Soil Fertility Comparison between Rotations of Tobacco-Rice (TR) and Rape-Rice (RR)

Tobacco-planting plays an important role in ensuring the high-quality tobacco raw materials supply and the local social and economic development in Chenzhou City. In recent years whether tobacco-planting is better for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility than other crop-planting has been highly concerned. In this study, 16 soil fertility indicators and soil integrated index (IFI) were compared by 21 pairs of fields in Chenzhou city under the rotations of tobacco-rice (TF) and rice-rice (RR), and results showed that, comparing the mean values of soil fertility indicators, the contents of OM, TN, AN, AK, S and IFI were extremely significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.01), the contents of Cu, Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05), but Mn content was significantly lower in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05). Meanwhile the contents of TP, TK and AP were insignificantly higher in TR than those in RR, and the contents of B, Mo and Zn were insignificantly lower in TR than those in RR. The above significant differences in soil fertility indicators were mainly due to relatively higher fertilizer inputs and less nutrient removal during tobacco-growing season than during rape-growing season, the net increase of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.61, 5.25 and 24.89 kg per 667 m2 respectively in tobacco-growing season, while the net decrease of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.88, 4.70 and 4.62 kg per 667 m2 respectively in rape-growing season. C.V. of soil fertility indicators and IFI were meanly lower in TR (52.25% and 15.95%, respectively) than those in RR (63.07% and 22.12%, respectively). Comparatively, tobacco-planting can improve soil fertility better than rape-planting when rotated with late rice in Chenzhou city. For tobacco-planting, Mg fertilizer should be applied for 23.8% TR fields, while more N, K, Ca, Mg, S and B fertilizers should be applied for 42.86%, 23.81%, 14.29%, 47.62%, 80.95% and 47.62% RR fields, respectively.