The Distribution Characteristics of Soil pH Values of Tobacco-growing Areas in Dali City and Its Correlation with Soil Nutrients

[Objective] The aim was to study the distribution characteristics of soil pH values and its correlation with soil nutrients in tobacco-growing areas. [Method] Soil nutrients of 43 samples from tobacco-growing areas in Dali City were analyzed.[Results] The results showed that average pH value of tobacco-planting soil in Dali City was 6.52, soil samples which suited for flue-cured tobacco cultivation accounted for 72.09% of total soil samples. In four soil types of tobacco-growing areas, the pH values in a descending order were as follows： alluvial soil〉 paddy soil 〉purple soil〉 red soil. At the altitude range of 1 780-2 200 m, soil pH values showed a gradual decreasing trend. The average contents of soil organic matters were relatively abundant and generally suited for high-quality tobacco cultivation; the average contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were generally at medium and abundant level, however,their rations under the medium level in some tobacco-growing areas were 6.98%,11.63%, 2.33% and 4.65%, respectively; moreover, soil with lower available potassium contents occupied a large proportion, namely 58.14%. [Conclusion] Soil pH values had significant correlation with exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable magnesium, however, they had no significant correlation with other soil nutrients.

Correlation Analysis between Well-cellar Early Transplanting of Robust Seedlings and Diseases in Shiyan Tobacco-growing Area

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the relationship between the well-cellar early transplanting of robust seedlings and the prevalence of diseases in the Shiyan tobacco-growing area.[Methods]The relationship between disease occurrence and meteorological factors during the field growth period was examined by analyzing the prevalence of flue-cured tobacco virus diseases,brown spot,and total disease in the Shiyan tobacco-growing area before(2013-2017)and after(2018-2022)the well-cellar early transplanting of robust tobacco seedlings.[Results]The implementation of a well-cellar early transplanting technique of robust seedlings resulted in a reduction in the average incidence of tobacco virus disease,brown spot,and total disease by 0.83%,8.85%,and 7.91%,respectively,in comparison to the incidence observed prior to early transplanting.These findings suggest that early transplanting can significantly reduce the incidence of flue-cured tobacco diseases.Prior to the well-cellar early transplanting of robust tobacco seedlings,there was a significant(including highly significant)positive correlation between the incidence of brown spot and total disease and precipitation in August and September.The incidence of brown spot and total disease in tobacco plants was found to be significantly positively correlated with May precipitation and significantly negatively correlated with May sunshine hours following the well-cellar early transplanting of robust seedlings.The advancement of the transplanting period by 20 d resulted in a reduction in the growing period of tobacco plants in the field under autumn rains(late August to November)in western China.This effectively circumvented the suitable conditions for disease occurrence and can reduce the incidence of disease.[Conclusions]This study offers a framework for enhancing the quality and efficiency of flue-cured tobacco production in the northwest tobacco-growing area of Hubei.

Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment in BAT Cooperative Tobacco-growing Areas

Using the method in Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment Handbook of British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership,we assess biodiversity risks and opportunities in BAT and China's cooperative tobacco-growing areas. The assessment results indicate that there are 8 risks and 1 opportunity. Action and monitoring plans have been made for medium and high risks as well as opportunity,to reduce impact on biodiversity.

Analysis of plant resources and diversity in Shennongjia Area of Hubei Province,China

Shennongjia Area is located in northwest of Hubei Province with Shennongding,the highest peak(3105.4 m above sea level)in central China.The unique geographical location and complex terrain of this region make it rich in plant resources.After field investigation,th literature review,and specimen identification,the 7 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team studied the plant resources and diversity of Shennongjia Area.454 species of vascular plants belonging to 106 families and 275 genera were collected from July to August in 2013.The dominant families are Lamiaceae,Ranunculaceae,Rosaceae,and Asteraceae,with 20,21,37 and 48 species respectively.At the genus level,Rubus is the dominant one with 11 species.3 species of national first-class protective plants,13 species of“Huan yang yao”and 36 species of“Qi yao”were collected.In all,our research has updated the plant recources and diversity in Shennongjia Area.Furthermore,by putting forward practical and meaningful suggestions on strengthening the protection and utilization of plant resources in Shennongjia Area,our research will help to protect the diverse ecosystem there.

Study on the Sustainable Development of the Tobacco-growing Area in South Anhui

Based on the actual situation of tobacco production in South Anhui tobacco-growing area,the paper analyzes several major constraints,and discusses several aspects such as tobacco production human resources,production of large-scale cultivation,science and technology service providers,the standardized production management and production security system. The countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development are also put forward to provide a reference for the sustainable development of tobacco-growing area in South Anhui.

Stromatolite characteristics of Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in the northern margin of Yangtze Block, China

Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in Shennongjia Area can be divided into three subgroups in ascender order. Of which the lower subgroup includes Yingwodong, Dayanping, Macaoyuan, Luanshigou, Dawokeng and Kuangshishan formations;the middle subgroup is formed by Yemahe, Wenshuihe and Shicaohe formations;the upper subgroup consists of Songziyuan and Wagangxi formations. Stromatolites developed very well in the carbonate rocks of each subgroup in Shennongjia Group. Based on descriptions of stromatolites macrotypes and their characteristics, this paper studied the formation environments, discussed the relationship among types, sizes, abundance of stromatolites and sedimentary environment, and established the formation and development pattern of stromatolites. As a result, this research also reveals the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate during the period of the Shennongjia Group deposited, which is beneficial to the study of paleoenvironment, paleogeography and paleoclimate, stratigraphic succession and regional correlation of the northern edge of Yangtze block. Stromatolites of Shennongjia Group are mainly conical, columnar, domal, wavy, stratiform and stromatolite reefs. The columnar and conical stromatolites are well developed. Conical stromatolites are mainly monomers, with a variety of pyramidal types, ranging in diameter from a few millimeters to several meters and formed in the high energy subtidal zone and tidal lagoon environment. Most of the columnar stromatolites are medium to small sizes implied a wide and gentle slope environment at that time. Stratiform (including wavy) stromatolites are larger scales and extends far away and distributed most widely in almost every horizon in the carbonate rocks. Stratiform stromatolites can be formed in low energy environments such as subtidal and intertidal zones and supratidal belts. Wavy stromatolites often developed in the hydrodynamic energy condition from weak energy intertidal zone gradually strengthened to the below of the high energy supratidal. Although stromatolite reefs can be a single or multiform combination, they developed mainly consisted of laminar or small walled columnar and large domal stromatolites. Shicaohe Formation also partially developed large domical stromatolites, the depositional environment is from the upper intertidal to supratidal zone. Stromatolite in Shennongjia Group usually appears as a combination of “Stratiform (wavy)-dome-columnar-coniform ” or “stratiform-dome-coniform-columnar-dome-stratiform ” vertieally, which represents the seawater depth from shallower to deeper or from shallow to deep and then to shallow again. These phenomenons generally reflected a stable sea level and companied with a high frequency oscillation. Comprehensive researches on the stratigraphy, sedimentary facies, sedimentary environment and the stromatolite types and their characteristics in the Shennongjia Group indicated that the Shennongjia Area is located on a gentle slope of carbonate platform in the passive continental edge, generally, i.e., one of warm and humid climate shallow water zone or/and a cold-drought climate, and had been experienced with eustatic cycles during the Shennongjia Group deposited.

襄阳都市圈旅游一体化发展路径研究

中国式现代化和新发展格局对区域旅游一体化提出了新的要求。旅游一体化是城市一体化的重要组成部分,襄阳都市圈旅游一体化发展问题要立足汉江流域、南襄盆地、中西部新通道的大格局来分析,最为关键的就是“襄十随神”城市群旅游一体化。襄阳都市圈各城市地域相接、交通相连、文脉相通,共饮一江汉水,旅游一体化基础良好。围绕五大主题游线,重点做好增加旅游一体化合作收益、拓展襄阳旅游中心城市功能、谋划城市群旅游新格局、丰富城市群旅游形象和业态等方面的工作。

神农架林区生态旅游生态安全的空间差异及其驱动因素

基于DPSIR模型和脆弱性评估方法,运用分析网络过程(ANP)模型和K-means聚类方法,构建了适用于神农架的EES评估指标体系,包括驱动力、压力、状态、影响和响应5个类别59个指标,对神农架林区的EES状况进行了评估和分析。结果表明,神农架林区的EES指数在0.281~0.357,呈现出显著的空间分布特征,东部高于西部,南部低于北部,沿着湖北和重庆的边界呈现出梯度变化。影响EES状况有效的指标是物理和经济活动、生物多样性损失和生物多样性保护,反映了神农架林区的生态旅游业与生态系统之间的协调与冲突,以及生态旅游业对生态系统的影响与适应。

扬子北缘神农架地区郑家垭组碎屑锆石年代学及其构造意义

神农架地区位于扬子陆块北缘,东与黄陵地区前寒武纪变质基底相邻,对该区东部郑家垭组碎屑锆石开展U-Pb年龄谱研究可为中新元古代神农架地区与黄陵地区的相互关系和构造演化研究提供新的依据。本文运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法,对郑家垭组2件砂岩碎屑锆石进行U-Pb年龄测定,共获得了103组U-Pb有效年龄。碎屑锆石的谐和年龄主要集中分布在0.98-1.2Ga、1.3-1.6Ga、1.8-2.3Ga、2.45-2.9Ga 4个区间,其中最年轻的一组锆石谐和年龄为980-995Ma,表明郑家垭组的沉积作用持续到了新元古代早期。与周缘地质体中碎屑锆石年龄谱系进行比较,认为所研究样品的碎屑锆石物源一部分来自于神农架微陆块,一部分来自于庙湾蛇绿岩,具有双向物源特征。结合现有的资料,认为郑家垭组可能为神农架弧与庙湾SSZ型蛇绿岩之间的弧前盆地沉积,指示扬子克拉通内存在格林威尔运动早期的俯冲记录。

神农架地区珍稀植物沿河岸带的分布格局及其保护意义

在神农架香溪河流域从源头到河口的不同海拔高度沿河岸带共设置 4 0个与河流方向平行的10 0m× 10m的样带 ,进行了植物群落学调查研究 .结果表明 ,沿河岸带分布有珍稀植物 14种 ,占神农架地区珍稀植物总数的 4 2 .4 % .这些珍稀物种主要分布在海拔 12 0 0～ 180 0m山地常绿阔叶落叶阔叶混交林带 ,珍稀植物种类的物种丰富度在中等海拔高度上最大 .珍稀植物的种类可划分为低海拔、中等海拔和高海拔 3组 .针对珍稀植物的分布特点 ,明确指出应重视河岸带在生物多样性、尤其是珍稀物种保护方面的重要作用 .

环神农架地区植烟土壤重金属评价及其富集特征

研究了环神农架地区主要植烟土壤91个耕层样品8种重金属元素Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、Hg的水平,利用单因子和内梅罗污染指数法对该区土壤重金属环境质量状况进行了评价,并探讨了该区土壤重金属的富集特征。研究结果显示:环神农架地区土壤重金属元素含量存在较大变异,以Hg和Pb变异最大,变异系数分别为60.22%和59.78%,Ni元素变异最小,变异系数为17.81%。环神农架地区植烟土壤Cr、Cu、As、Cd、Pb、Hg含量均符合无公害生产产地标准,Ni和Zn元素分别有3个和2个样品超标,综合污染评价显示供试土壤分别有78%和22%处于清洁和尚清洁水平。以湖北省A层(0～20cm)土壤元素背景值为基准的研究结果表明,20世纪90年代以来,环神农架地区8种重金属均存在不同程度富集,而As、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni富集更为明显。

陡山沱组盖帽碳酸盐岩C同位素特征及形成环境——以扬子北缘神农架地区为例

神农架地区位于华南扬子克拉通北缘,发育完整的成冰系-埃迪卡拉系地层层序。本研究基于新近发现的6个埃迪卡拉系盖帽碳酸盐岩剖面,系统研究了其地层学、沉积学和C同位素地球化学特征,并依据盖帽碳酸盐岩发育的一系列沉积指相标志,讨论了盖帽碳酸盐岩形成的沉积环境。神农架盖帽碳酸盐岩由细粉晶白云岩组成,盖帽白云岩与下伏冰碛岩接触关系多较截然,部分为渐变过渡关系,沉积构造单调,以水平层理或块状层理为主,少见其他特殊沉积构造或岩石、矿物组分,偶见团粒、叶枝状等藻类生物,盖帽白云岩和上覆岩系构成快速海侵-退积的沉积层序。盖帽白云岩δ^13C剖面显示,由下向上从极低(-6‰^-9‰)到中低(-4‰^-5‰)负漂移,或从中下部中低幅负偏逐渐向上更负偏(-4‰^-5‰间)或在中低负值附近高频振荡,但上覆沉积物的δ^13C剖面保持持续中低负偏。研究表明,沉积指相标志及C同位素共同指示盖帽碳酸盐岩与冰后期海平面快速上升同步,这6个盖帽白云岩剖面主要发育于神农架中西部浅水陆架潮坪区域。这些盖帽白云岩剖面的δ^13C值基本类同于国内外埃迪卡拉盖帽白云岩δ^13C剖面的变化规律,具有广泛的全球变化和对比意义。同时,神农架的这几个盖帽白云岩剖面δ^13C值有其独特性,该特征是对冰后初期浅水碳酸盐岩沉积作用平衡全球海平面快速上升的响应。进一步研究发现,埃迪卡拉系初期盖帽碳酸盐岩沉积于扬子克拉通广泛的浅水陆架沉积环境,并非发育于从深水盆地-斜坡-陆架的各个沉积相区。

扬子陆核与神农架地块中元古代相互关系:来自锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的约束

通常将华南克拉通的形成理解为扬子陆块与华夏陆块于新元古代沿江南造山带的碰撞拼合,但对两陆块内部的组成和演化关系的了解却相对有限。通过对比神农架地区和扬子陆核区前寒武纪地层碎屑锆石的年龄结构及其原位Hf同位素组成特征,分析了扬子陆块西北部中元古代晚期-新元古代早期的构造演化规律,并对其与统一华南克拉通形成的关系进行了探讨。对前人数据进行统计和对比的结果表明,神农架群碎屑锆石年龄谱中记录了约1.6Ga的年龄峰值,且其原位Hf-O同位素分析指示该期岩浆事件存在幔源物质加入,而相应的岩浆事件(锆石)在扬子陆块陆核区(崆岭地区)前寒武纪地层或岩浆岩单元中缺乏记录。结合神农架群细粒沉积岩Nd同位素地层学特征,指示中元古代时期神农架地区位于活动大陆边缘的构造环境,且神农架群沉积地层的碎屑物质并非由扬子陆核区的崆岭基底岩系经风化-剥蚀作用提供,即非扬子陆核区的边缘盆地。这些证据说明,在新元古代以前,神农架地区与扬子陆核区之间属于两个独立的次一级微陆块。

基于GIS的地质公园保护区划分——以湖北神农架世界地质公园为例

保护区的划分是地质公园规划的重要任务和公园建设的基础，但目前还存在划分标准随意、主观臆断干扰大等问题。在地质遗迹资源调查的基础上，基于游客体验和资源框架，引入地质遗迹集中度、丰富度等评价因子，采用层次分析法建立地质公园保护区划分评价体系，利用GIS空间分析等功能定量评价公园保护指数，以湖北神农架世界地质公园为研究区域，对其进行地质遗迹保护区划分。结果显示：公园保护指数为8．4～124．4，呈现出聚集性和空间差异性；在此基础上，结合地方经济发展等需要，划定神农架世界地质公园保护区总面积174．749km^2，其中一级保护区9．023km^2，二级保护区75．403km^2，三级保护区90．323km^2；保护区的划分为地质公园规划中园区建设和功能区划分等关键问题提供了规划依据。

扬子克拉通北缘“神农架群底界”的再厘定及其地层学意义

神农架群的底界问题一直以来悬而未决。神农架群底界能否获取,已成为神农架群能否完美成为待建系候选层型的关键。距神农架东南几十公里的黄陵穹隆东北部地区自下而上发育中-新元古代西汊河组、吴家台组、浇园山组、南沱组和陡山沱组等地层,且胡正祥等(2012)认为该地吴家台组为神农架群中下部地层,那么该地是否存在神农架群的底界自然就引起大家的极大关注。本文基于该地浇园山剖面西汊河组石英片岩样品(0529-1),吴家台组底部砾岩(0228-4)和砂岩(0228-5)3件样品,应用LA-ICP-MS方法进行了碎屑锆石年龄的测试分析,同时结合地层单元间接触关系和岩石学与沉积学特征等标志,最终约束吴家台组形成时代。结果表明,崆岭北部樟村坪以北浇园山剖面西汊河组与上覆吴家台组呈不整合接触;西汊河组碎屑锆石年龄谱仅显示太古宙和2.0Ga两个明显的峰值;但吴家台组碎屑锆石年龄谱不仅包含了与西汉河组相同的太古宙和2.0Ga两个年龄峰值,而且还含有0.8Ga的弱峰值,由此断定西汊河组和吴家台组形成时限是完全不同的。前者应年轻于2.0Ga,但由于其为角闪岩相变质岩,又不同于扬子克拉通最终(1.8Ga)固结前的变质结晶基底岩石组合,因此推测西汊河组大致为中元古代,同理,吴家台组应形成于0.8Ga以后,结合吴家台组之上具有典型的南沱组冰碛杂砾岩,因此其时代应界于青白口纪晚期-南华纪早期之间,进一步结合各岩组砾岩中砾石组分的证据认为,吴家台组应相当于区域上莲沱组。同时研究表明,西汊河组和吴家台组物源主要来自黄陵穹隆核部中太古代TTG片麻岩和新太古代的花岗质片麻岩,古元古代碎屑锆石主要来源于崆岭杂岩中部的火山-岩浆岩以及黄陵穹隆南翼的新元古代岩浆岩。

湖北环神农架烟区烤烟质量综合评价

对湖北省环神农架烟区烤烟样品的外观质量、化学成分和感官评吸质量进行综合评价,并与津巴布韦优质烤烟样品进行比较,结果表明:环神农架烟区烤烟的颜色柠檬黄-橘黄,结构尚疏松-疏松,身份适中,外观质量与津巴布韦烟叶接近;环神农架烟区烤烟的常规化学成分较协调,总糖、还原糖含量明显高于津巴布韦烟叶,而总氮、钾、氯含量显著低于津巴布韦烟叶,且两者均达到0.05显著水平;环神农架烟区香气质好量足,杂气刺激性较轻,余味较舒适,但与津巴布韦烟叶仍有一定差距。

基于夜休闲的景区旅游集聚区规划设计——以神农架龙降坪旅游服务中心为例

基于夜休闲的景区旅游集聚区建设可实现集聚区与景区的产业互补发展,增加景区旅游附加值,丰富景区旅游内涵,填补景区的时间"真空"。神农架龙降坪旅游服务中心作为典型的景区旅游集聚区,以发展夜休闲产业为基础,从规划定位、夜生活组织、住宿设施配套、夜环境塑造等方面探讨了支撑夜休闲活动的规划设计措施。

神农架及三峡地区菜豆种质资源的研究

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