The carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) form hemoglobin adducts in laboratory animals and humans. These adducts release 4-hydr...The carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) form hemoglobin adducts in laboratory animals and humans. These adducts release 4-hydroxy-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (HPB) upon mild base hydrolysis. HPB released from human hemoglobin can be quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It is the only available biochemical marker for determination of exposure to, and metabolic activation of, carcinogens present only in tobacco. Levels of HPB were highest in snuff-dippers, followed by smokers and nonsmokers. Large interindividual variations in adduct levels were observed. The relationship between HPB levels in globin and DNA of rats treated with NNK has been investigated in order to aid in interpretation of the data from humans. These studies have provided the initial database for understanding the metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in humans.展开更多
为准确测定卷烟侧流烟气中的烟草特有N-亚硝胺,建立了检测NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的在线二维固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Online 2D SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)方法。采用抗坏血酸处理的剑桥滤片和鱼尾罩捕集侧流烟气,用乙酸铵溶液淋洗鱼尾罩,将...为准确测定卷烟侧流烟气中的烟草特有N-亚硝胺,建立了检测NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的在线二维固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Online 2D SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)方法。采用抗坏血酸处理的剑桥滤片和鱼尾罩捕集侧流烟气,用乙酸铵溶液淋洗鱼尾罩,将淋洗液收集到装有剑桥滤片的锥形瓶中振荡萃取,萃取液过滤后进行在线二维SPE净化和LC-MS/MS分析。结果表明:1二维SPE净化较单独使用阳离子交换柱或C18反相柱更能有效地去除样品中的杂质,降低基质效应。2优化确定的二维SPE条件:上样体积为0.8 m L(2%甲酸),速率1.0 m L/min,转移体积为0.8 m L(1%氨水),速率0.8 m L/min,阳离子交换柱洗涤液为甲醇与2%甲酸的混合溶液(体积比15∶85),C18柱洗涤液为1%氨水,洗脱时间为1.5 min。3 NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的检出限分别为0.006、0.002、0.004和0.003 ng/m L,回收率93.4%~107.3%,精密度小于8%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好,适用于卷烟侧流烟气中4种TSNAs释放量的检测。展开更多
Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogens which have been detected widely in food,water,some pharmaceuticals as well as tobacco.The objectives of this paper include reviewing the basic information on tobacco consumption...Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogens which have been detected widely in food,water,some pharmaceuticals as well as tobacco.The objectives of this paper include reviewing the basic information on tobacco consumption and nitrosamine contents,and assessing the health risks of tobacco nitrosamines exposure to Chinese smokers.We searched the publications in English from“Web of Science”and those in Chinese from the“China National Knowledge Infrastructure”in 2022 and collected 151 literatures with valid information.The content of main nitrosamines in tobacco,including 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK),N-nitrosonornicotine(NNN),N-nitrosoanatabine(NAT),N-nitrosoanabasine(NAB),total tobacco-specific nitrosamines(TSNA),and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)were summarized.The information of daily tobacco consumption of smokers in 30 provinces of China was also collected.Then,the intakes of NNN,NNK,NAT,NAB,TSNAs,and NDMA via tobacco smoke were estimated as 1534ng/day,591 ng/day,685 ng/day,81 ng/day,2543 ng/day,and 484 ng/day by adult smokers in30 provinces,respectively.The cancer risk(CR)values for NNN and NNK inhalation intake were further calculated as 1.44×10^(-5)and 1.95×10^(-4).The CR value for NDMA intake via tobacco smoke(inhalation:1.66×10^(-4))indicates that NDMA is similarly dangerous in tobacco smoke when compared with the TSNAs.In China,the CR values caused by average nitrosamines intake via various exposures and their order can be estimated as the following:smoke(3.75×10^(-4))>food(1.74×10^(-4))>drinking water(1.38×10^(-5)).Smokers in China averagely suffer 200%of extra cancer risk caused by nitrosamines in tobacco when compared with non-smokers.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application of Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.)Setch.in cigarettes.[Methods]Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of cigarettes added with ethanol extract of S.fu...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application of Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.)Setch.in cigarettes.[Methods]Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of cigarettes added with ethanol extract of S.fusiforme were determined,and the compounds related to the aroma of S.fusiforme were identified by flavor-smelling experiment.[Results]With the addition of the ethanol extract of S.fusiforme,the decrease in the total amount of four tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke reached 16.42%.The results of the flavor-smelling experiment showed that the aroma of S.fusiforme might be related to(R)-5,6,7,7A-tetrahydro-4,4,7A-trimethyl-2(4H)-benzofuranone,glycerol,ethyl palmitate,methyl palmitate,ethyl linoleate,methyl(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate,ethyl(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate,phytol,and tetradecanoic acid.[Conclusions]The ethanol extract of S.fusiforme has the potential function of reducing the content of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in smoke and improving the taste of cigarettes.展开更多
文摘The carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) form hemoglobin adducts in laboratory animals and humans. These adducts release 4-hydroxy-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (HPB) upon mild base hydrolysis. HPB released from human hemoglobin can be quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It is the only available biochemical marker for determination of exposure to, and metabolic activation of, carcinogens present only in tobacco. Levels of HPB were highest in snuff-dippers, followed by smokers and nonsmokers. Large interindividual variations in adduct levels were observed. The relationship between HPB levels in globin and DNA of rats treated with NNK has been investigated in order to aid in interpretation of the data from humans. These studies have provided the initial database for understanding the metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in humans.
文摘为准确测定卷烟侧流烟气中的烟草特有N-亚硝胺,建立了检测NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的在线二维固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Online 2D SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)方法。采用抗坏血酸处理的剑桥滤片和鱼尾罩捕集侧流烟气,用乙酸铵溶液淋洗鱼尾罩,将淋洗液收集到装有剑桥滤片的锥形瓶中振荡萃取,萃取液过滤后进行在线二维SPE净化和LC-MS/MS分析。结果表明:1二维SPE净化较单独使用阳离子交换柱或C18反相柱更能有效地去除样品中的杂质,降低基质效应。2优化确定的二维SPE条件:上样体积为0.8 m L(2%甲酸),速率1.0 m L/min,转移体积为0.8 m L(1%氨水),速率0.8 m L/min,阳离子交换柱洗涤液为甲醇与2%甲酸的混合溶液(体积比15∶85),C18柱洗涤液为1%氨水,洗脱时间为1.5 min。3 NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的检出限分别为0.006、0.002、0.004和0.003 ng/m L,回收率93.4%~107.3%,精密度小于8%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好,适用于卷烟侧流烟气中4种TSNAs释放量的检测。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22076091)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong(No.2020CXGC011406)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.8212029)the joint project of the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control(No.21L01ESPC)。
文摘Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogens which have been detected widely in food,water,some pharmaceuticals as well as tobacco.The objectives of this paper include reviewing the basic information on tobacco consumption and nitrosamine contents,and assessing the health risks of tobacco nitrosamines exposure to Chinese smokers.We searched the publications in English from“Web of Science”and those in Chinese from the“China National Knowledge Infrastructure”in 2022 and collected 151 literatures with valid information.The content of main nitrosamines in tobacco,including 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK),N-nitrosonornicotine(NNN),N-nitrosoanatabine(NAT),N-nitrosoanabasine(NAB),total tobacco-specific nitrosamines(TSNA),and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)were summarized.The information of daily tobacco consumption of smokers in 30 provinces of China was also collected.Then,the intakes of NNN,NNK,NAT,NAB,TSNAs,and NDMA via tobacco smoke were estimated as 1534ng/day,591 ng/day,685 ng/day,81 ng/day,2543 ng/day,and 484 ng/day by adult smokers in30 provinces,respectively.The cancer risk(CR)values for NNN and NNK inhalation intake were further calculated as 1.44×10^(-5)and 1.95×10^(-4).The CR value for NDMA intake via tobacco smoke(inhalation:1.66×10^(-4))indicates that NDMA is similarly dangerous in tobacco smoke when compared with the TSNAs.In China,the CR values caused by average nitrosamines intake via various exposures and their order can be estimated as the following:smoke(3.75×10^(-4))>food(1.74×10^(-4))>drinking water(1.38×10^(-5)).Smokers in China averagely suffer 200%of extra cancer risk caused by nitrosamines in tobacco when compared with non-smokers.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application of Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.)Setch.in cigarettes.[Methods]Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of cigarettes added with ethanol extract of S.fusiforme were determined,and the compounds related to the aroma of S.fusiforme were identified by flavor-smelling experiment.[Results]With the addition of the ethanol extract of S.fusiforme,the decrease in the total amount of four tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke reached 16.42%.The results of the flavor-smelling experiment showed that the aroma of S.fusiforme might be related to(R)-5,6,7,7A-tetrahydro-4,4,7A-trimethyl-2(4H)-benzofuranone,glycerol,ethyl palmitate,methyl palmitate,ethyl linoleate,methyl(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate,ethyl(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate,phytol,and tetradecanoic acid.[Conclusions]The ethanol extract of S.fusiforme has the potential function of reducing the content of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in smoke and improving the taste of cigarettes.
