Water bacteriological qualities of 22 recreational beaches in Ensenada Bay, Baja California, Mexico were analyzed during the summer and winter of 2008. Total and fecal coliforms as well as enterococci bacteria were us...Water bacteriological qualities of 22 recreational beaches in Ensenada Bay, Baja California, Mexico were analyzed during the summer and winter of 2008. Total and fecal coliforms as well as enterococci bacteria were used as pollution indicators. Results showed that bacteria concentrations were higher in winter than summer, associated with Southern California rainy season. Bacteria loads in winter exceeded both the daily and monthly standards showing a clear effect of storm water runoff in the quality of Todos Santos Bay recreational beaches. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between bacteria concentration during summer and winter. The general behavior of the indicators based on daily and monthly standards from high to low was enterococci > FC > TC> total/fecal ratio. Water discharged from 3 sewage treatment plants were responsible for the pollution observed at stations, when the uptake capacity of plants exceeded the storage. During summer pollution was due to non-programmed discharges from sewage treatment plants.展开更多
Environmental bonds are a means to accounting for future environmental costs, yet examples of application in real-life scenarios are scarce, and estimation of fairness of the bonds is still poorly explored. We examine...Environmental bonds are a means to accounting for future environmental costs, yet examples of application in real-life scenarios are scarce, and estimation of fairness of the bonds is still poorly explored. We examined a recent Mexican Pacific maritime accident in which the aid of extra environmental assessments addressing long-lasting effects was needed, and contributed to the decision-making process of environmental authorities by means of an arrangement based on the legal figure of the environmental bond. The basis to estimate the bond was the cost of activities needed to fulfill compensatory measures, specifically, the cost of research programs that would set a baseline for monitoring long-lasting damage to the bottom. In order to proceed with analysis of environmental bonds, we employed cluster analysis for comparing mean depth, grain size, and composition and abundance of benthic fauna at the three sites set for monitoring long-lasting effects, under the assumption that no differences would mean bond overestimation whereas differences would mean fairness. The results show that the three sites were different enough to justify the spatial setting of three separate sampling campaigns, and that the bond was reasonably not overestimated. The approach appears suitable to address in a semi-analytical way current inquiries regarding fairness of the environmental bonds and so may contribute to the state of the art.展开更多
In Japan, selective thinning is a common thinning method, though line thinning receives much attention because of its economic merits. In this study, we examined effects of the two thinning methods on bird communities...In Japan, selective thinning is a common thinning method, though line thinning receives much attention because of its economic merits. In this study, we examined effects of the two thinning methods on bird communities in Todo fir （Abies sachalinensis） plantations in Hok- kaido, Japan. We surveyed bird species in forests under four different management types - unthinned, selectively thinned, line-thinned planta- tion, and naturally regenerated forest （here after referred to as natural forest） stands - using a line-transect method. We also investigated vege- tation structure （canopy tree and understory） of these stands. Bird species richness did not differ between natural forests and plantations, while bird total abundance was greater in plantations than in natural forests. Bird species richness and total abundance were comparable among the three management types for plantations. Abundances of 10 bird species were different among the four management types, and five species were more abundant in line-thinned plantations. However, two species were more abundant in selectively thinned stands than in line-thinned stands, and they frequently appeared in natural forests. There were no distinct differ- ences in vegetation structure among the management types for planta- tions. Our results suggest that line thinning could be beneficial for some bird species in plantations.展开更多
部编中学英语教材第五册第二课课文中有这样一个省略句:“What to do?”(p.15)。据上下文判断,其意义为“怎么办?”。课文后的注释(p.18注4)说“What to do?=“What is to do?”其意义为“怎么办?”。这种说法能成立吗?笔者认为What to ...部编中学英语教材第五册第二课课文中有这样一个省略句:“What to do?”(p.15)。据上下文判断,其意义为“怎么办?”。课文后的注释(p.18注4)说“What to do?=“What is to do?”其意义为“怎么办?”。这种说法能成立吗?笔者认为What to do?作为省略句是英美人不愿接受的不好的英语;而What is to do?按美国纽约州立大学终身教授Eli·Seifman的说法,这句话是错误的。展开更多
澳门耶稣会图书馆藏有一本从未被世人注意的书籍,名为NOVO MTODO para aprender a lêr,escrever e falar a LINGUA CHINESA em Dialecto Cantonense,该书由华籍首位红衣大司铎刘雅阁编写,是澳门发现的最早的对外汉语(葡粤)教科书...澳门耶稣会图书馆藏有一本从未被世人注意的书籍,名为NOVO MTODO para aprender a lêr,escrever e falar a LINGUA CHINESA em Dialecto Cantonense,该书由华籍首位红衣大司铎刘雅阁编写,是澳门发现的最早的对外汉语(葡粤)教科书,1922年出版于澳门。从音系特征看,该音系声调有9个、上声分阴阳、有介音u-、蟹摄合口跟止遇两摄合口截然分开、止摄开口精庄组字跟遇摄合口三等知章组合流等特征与珠三角西侧(佛山、南海、顺德)的方言对应较整齐,反映了编者的家乡话,亦是广东佛山地区百年前的真实语音记录。展开更多
Estimados amigos de China Hoy:Soy su fiel seguidor y amigo Jose Yordy.Les escribo desde Cuba.Espero que se encuentren bien de salud todos,incluyendo sus familiares y amigos.Quiero contarles algo que significa much...Estimados amigos de China Hoy:Soy su fiel seguidor y amigo Jose Yordy.Les escribo desde Cuba.Espero que se encuentren bien de salud todos,incluyendo sus familiares y amigos.Quiero contarles algo que significa muchísimo para míy,además,me hace sentir muy orgulloso.Hace unos meses enfermé de COVID-19.Afortunadamente mi caso no fue muy grave,pero sí pasé muchos malos momentos.Ahora me encuentro mucho mejor,gracias a toda la ayuda y apoyo con los que cuenta Cuba.展开更多
文摘Water bacteriological qualities of 22 recreational beaches in Ensenada Bay, Baja California, Mexico were analyzed during the summer and winter of 2008. Total and fecal coliforms as well as enterococci bacteria were used as pollution indicators. Results showed that bacteria concentrations were higher in winter than summer, associated with Southern California rainy season. Bacteria loads in winter exceeded both the daily and monthly standards showing a clear effect of storm water runoff in the quality of Todos Santos Bay recreational beaches. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between bacteria concentration during summer and winter. The general behavior of the indicators based on daily and monthly standards from high to low was enterococci > FC > TC> total/fecal ratio. Water discharged from 3 sewage treatment plants were responsible for the pollution observed at stations, when the uptake capacity of plants exceeded the storage. During summer pollution was due to non-programmed discharges from sewage treatment plants.
文摘Environmental bonds are a means to accounting for future environmental costs, yet examples of application in real-life scenarios are scarce, and estimation of fairness of the bonds is still poorly explored. We examined a recent Mexican Pacific maritime accident in which the aid of extra environmental assessments addressing long-lasting effects was needed, and contributed to the decision-making process of environmental authorities by means of an arrangement based on the legal figure of the environmental bond. The basis to estimate the bond was the cost of activities needed to fulfill compensatory measures, specifically, the cost of research programs that would set a baseline for monitoring long-lasting damage to the bottom. In order to proceed with analysis of environmental bonds, we employed cluster analysis for comparing mean depth, grain size, and composition and abundance of benthic fauna at the three sites set for monitoring long-lasting effects, under the assumption that no differences would mean bond overestimation whereas differences would mean fairness. The results show that the three sites were different enough to justify the spatial setting of three separate sampling campaigns, and that the bond was reasonably not overestimated. The approach appears suitable to address in a semi-analytical way current inquiries regarding fairness of the environmental bonds and so may contribute to the state of the art.
文摘In Japan, selective thinning is a common thinning method, though line thinning receives much attention because of its economic merits. In this study, we examined effects of the two thinning methods on bird communities in Todo fir （Abies sachalinensis） plantations in Hok- kaido, Japan. We surveyed bird species in forests under four different management types - unthinned, selectively thinned, line-thinned planta- tion, and naturally regenerated forest （here after referred to as natural forest） stands - using a line-transect method. We also investigated vege- tation structure （canopy tree and understory） of these stands. Bird species richness did not differ between natural forests and plantations, while bird total abundance was greater in plantations than in natural forests. Bird species richness and total abundance were comparable among the three management types for plantations. Abundances of 10 bird species were different among the four management types, and five species were more abundant in line-thinned plantations. However, two species were more abundant in selectively thinned stands than in line-thinned stands, and they frequently appeared in natural forests. There were no distinct differ- ences in vegetation structure among the management types for planta- tions. Our results suggest that line thinning could be beneficial for some bird species in plantations.
文摘部编中学英语教材第五册第二课课文中有这样一个省略句:“What to do?”(p.15)。据上下文判断,其意义为“怎么办?”。课文后的注释(p.18注4)说“What to do?=“What is to do?”其意义为“怎么办?”。这种说法能成立吗?笔者认为What to do?作为省略句是英美人不愿接受的不好的英语;而What is to do?按美国纽约州立大学终身教授Eli·Seifman的说法,这句话是错误的。
文摘澳门耶稣会图书馆藏有一本从未被世人注意的书籍,名为NOVO MTODO para aprender a lêr,escrever e falar a LINGUA CHINESA em Dialecto Cantonense,该书由华籍首位红衣大司铎刘雅阁编写,是澳门发现的最早的对外汉语(葡粤)教科书,1922年出版于澳门。从音系特征看,该音系声调有9个、上声分阴阳、有介音u-、蟹摄合口跟止遇两摄合口截然分开、止摄开口精庄组字跟遇摄合口三等知章组合流等特征与珠三角西侧(佛山、南海、顺德)的方言对应较整齐,反映了编者的家乡话,亦是广东佛山地区百年前的真实语音记录。
文摘Estimados amigos de China Hoy:Soy su fiel seguidor y amigo Jose Yordy.Les escribo desde Cuba.Espero que se encuentren bien de salud todos,incluyendo sus familiares y amigos.Quiero contarles algo que significa muchísimo para míy,además,me hace sentir muy orgulloso.Hace unos meses enfermé de COVID-19.Afortunadamente mi caso no fue muy grave,pero sí pasé muchos malos momentos.Ahora me encuentro mucho mejor,gracias a toda la ayuda y apoyo con los que cuenta Cuba.
