The study was conducted at Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh during summer season of 2021 to see the performances of yield and yield-related components of twelve he...The study was conducted at Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh during summer season of 2021 to see the performances of yield and yield-related components of twelve heat tolerant tomato hybrids. Significant variation was expressed for days to first harvest (101.0 - 108.0 days), while maximum number of fruits per plant was calculated in F<sub>1</sub> 2101 and F<sub>1</sub> 2201 (9.5), followed by F<sub>1</sub> 203, F1 2001, F<sub>1</sub> 2303, F<sub>1</sub> 2401 (9.0). The highest single fruit weight was estimated in F<sub>1</sub> 2501 (195.5 g), followed by F<sub>1</sub> 2101 (119.0 g), F<sub>1</sub> 2201 (113.8 g), while the range was 33.1 - 195.5 g. The range of fruit yield was 7.9 - 38.7 t/ha, while higher-yielding hybrids were viz., F<sub>1</sub> 203 (27.7 t/ha), F<sub>1</sub> 2101 (35.5 t/ha), F<sub>1</sub> 2201 (33.9 t/ha) and F<sub>1</sub> 2501 (28.7 t/ha). Maximum TSS was produced by F<sub>1 </sub>2501 (5.9%), followed by BARI Hybrid Tomato-8 (5.1%), F<sub>1</sub> 1101, F<sub>1</sub> 1903 (5.0%), with a range of 4.0% - 5.9%, while TYLCV infection and leaf sucking pest infestation varied from 0.0% - 10.0% and 3.3% - 16.7%, respectively. Thus, based on the performances of different yield and yield contributing traits, the hybrids, viz., F<sub>1</sub> 2101, F<sub>1 </sub>2201, F<sub>1 </sub>2501 may be selected to develop heat tolerant tomato hybrid varieties for the farmers of sub-tropical regions.展开更多
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the important vegetables in supplying vitamins, minerals and fiber to human diets worldwide. Its successful production in the tropics is, however, constrained by environmenta...Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the important vegetables in supplying vitamins, minerals and fiber to human diets worldwide. Its successful production in the tropics is, however, constrained by environmental variations especially under open field conditions. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya to evaluate the effects of agricultural nets (agronets) herein called eco-friendly nets (EFNs) and floating row covers (FRCs) on microclimate modification, yield, and quality of tomato. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. Tomato plants were grown under fine mesh EFN (0.4-mm pore diameter) cover, large mesh EFN (0.9-mm pore diameter) cover or FRC. The EFN and FRC were maintained either permanently closed or opened thrice a week from 9 am to 3 pm. Two open control treatments were used: unsprayed (untreated control) or sprayed with chemicals (treated control). The use of EFN or FRC modified the microclimate with higher temperatures, lower diurnal temperature ranges, and higher volumetric water content recorded compared with the controls. On the other hand, light quantity and photosynthetic active radiation were reduced by the use of EFN and FRC compared with the controls. The use of FRC and EFN resulted in more fruit and higher percent in marketable yield compared with open field production. Fruit quality at harvest was also significantly improved by the use of EFN and FRC. Fruits with higher total soluble solids (TSS), lower titratable acidity (TA), and higher sugar acid ratio were obtained in EFN and FRC treatments compared with the controls. Fruits harvested from EFN and FRC were also firmer compared with control fruits. These findings demonstrate the potential of EFN and FRC in modifying microclimate conditions and improving yields and quality of tomato under tropical field conditions.展开更多
The potential of different water hyacinth compost application rates in influencing growth attributes, yield and heavy metal accumulation of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in tomato fruit was studied...The potential of different water hyacinth compost application rates in influencing growth attributes, yield and heavy metal accumulation of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in tomato fruit was studied in Masvingo. Four treatments of water hyacinth compost rates of 0, 37, 55.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1 were each replicated three times and applied in a randomized complete block design set up. Results showed that water hyacinth compost application rates significantly affected plant height, days to maturity and yield but had no influence on the number of tomato fruits per plant. The plant height at application rate of 74.1 t·ha-1 was 25%, 56% and 63% higher than the control at week 6, 9 and 12, respectively. At application rates of 56.6 t·ha-1, plant heights were 11%, 13% and 12% higher than the control whilst marginal plant height differences of -4%, 6% and 4% were recorded between application rate of 34.7 t·ha-1 and the control at week 6, 9 and 12, respectively. Tomato plants under compost rates of 34.7, 56.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1 in comparison to the control delayed maturity by 10, 17 and 20 days, respectively. Yields of 52, 55, 60 and 68 t·ha-1 were realized from hyacinth compost rates of 0, 34.7, 56.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations increased with increase in the water hyacinth compost rate but at all application rates, the average concentrations were 85%, 93% and 86% lower than the Codex Alimentarious Commission permissible levels for Pb, Cu and Zn. Water hyacinth compost at a rate of 74 t·ha-1 therefore can be used for increased tomato yield without exposing consumers to heavy metal toxicity.展开更多
To accelerate the breeding process, male sterile line is used to leave out the troublesome procedures of the artificial emasculation in tomato breeding. However, the fertility of the pollen thermo-sensitivity male ste...To accelerate the breeding process, male sterile line is used to leave out the troublesome procedures of the artificial emasculation in tomato breeding. However, the fertility of the pollen thermo-sensitivity male sterile line (PTMSL) and the stigma exsertion male sterile line (SEMSL) are affected easily by the environments when used alone. The trial materials were Da107 and the control was First. This study was conducted to create a new male sterile line of tomato characterized by pollen thermo-sensitivity and long style by genic recombination through the hybridizing of the PTMSL and SEMSL. Research on the statistics of the pollen germination rate, the contamination rate in F1 and the flower organics indicated that Da107 was an ideal TS and SE male sterile line with the sterility of 95%, as well as it also could be used as fertile line at low temperature. Meanwhile, the results showed that hybrid-seed contamination risk with selfed seeds from residual fertility in Da107 was low.展开更多
Brassinosteroids (BRs) and polyamines (PAs) are widely used to overcome abiotic stresses including salinity stress (NaCl) in plants. In the present investigation, we evaluated the co-application efficacy of 24-epibras...Brassinosteroids (BRs) and polyamines (PAs) are widely used to overcome abiotic stresses including salinity stress (NaCl) in plants. In the present investigation, we evaluated the co-application efficacy of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR, a highly active BR) and putrescine (Put, a PA) on the NaCl stress (75 mM and 150 mM) tolerance of Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. kuber geeta plants. A small rise in protein content was recorded under salinity stress in comparison with untreated control. The NaCl stress was found to significantly enhance the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD);while decline in catalase (CAT) activity was recorded when compared with the untreated control. Salinity stress both at 75 mM and 150 mM was able to cause significant membrane damage as evidenced by an increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content over untreated control. The EBR and Put co-applications were able to improve protein content in NaCl stressed plants over only NaCl stressed plants. The co-applications of EBR and Put were able to significantly enhance the activities of CAT, SOD and GPOX in L. esculentum under salinity stress (75 mM and 150 mM) when compared with NaCl stressed plants alone. Major decline in the MDA level recorded for EBR and Put co-applications under NaCl stress revealed reduced membrane damages when compared with NaCl stressed plants alone. Our findings provide evidence that EBR and Put co-applications are effective in amelioration of NaCl stress in L. esculentum. Thus co-application potential of EBR and Put may acts an eco-friendly approach towards NaCl stress mitigation in economically important crops.展开更多
The effects of Nd^3+ on the quality and quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum were studied. The results demonstrate that Nd^3+ can increase the total amount of VOC ...The effects of Nd^3+ on the quality and quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum were studied. The results demonstrate that Nd^3+ can increase the total amount of VOC by 75% after treatment for 120 h, as compared with the control. Phyto-oxylipins, terpenoids and aromatic compounds were increased by 73%, 38% and 21%, respectively. (E)-2-hexenal, the most abundant constituent is increased by 74%, β- phellandrene and α-caryophyllene in terpenoids,展开更多
Among plants, the Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae) is the most important for its beneficial effects on health. Several epidemiological studies have shown the benefits of tomato consumption in the cancer and cardio...Among plants, the Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae) is the most important for its beneficial effects on health. Several epidemiological studies have shown the benefits of tomato consumption in the cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention. Tomato products constitute the major source of lycopene, the most potent antioxidant among carotenoids in vitro. In tomatoes leaves are also present many secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, phytoalexins, protease inhibitors and glycoalkaloids who protect against adverse effects of hosts including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects and are involved in host-plant resistance. In this work we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of tomato leaves extract (var. Paul Robenson) in vitro.展开更多
Four irrigation treatments were designed with 2,4,6 and 8 d intervals to irrigate, respectively. Watering was stopped when the reading of the moisture tension sensor reached zero. The results indicated that glucose an...Four irrigation treatments were designed with 2,4,6 and 8 d intervals to irrigate, respectively. Watering was stopped when the reading of the moisture tension sensor reached zero. The results indicated that glucose and fructose content of tomato's fruit were increased but sucrose content was decreased with fruit growth and development. In different stages, carbohydrate content of tomato fruit in the treatment 3 was the highest, in the treatment 2 was higher, and in the other treatments was the lowest. SS(sucrose synthase)activity was decreased but SPS(sucrose phosphate synthase)activity was increased with development of tomato. SS and SPS activity were increased but acid invertase and neutral invertase activity of ripe stage were decreased under deficit irrigation. Glucose and fructose content were increased in leaves of tomato under water deficit. Soluble sugars, organic acid and the ratio of sugar/acid in tomato fruits were increased and dry matter accumulation of plant was enhanced under water deficit. But the growth of fruits upside the plant and its dry matter accumulation were badly affected under water stress.展开更多
The response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants basically fertilized with 0.3 g N per plant of compound fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 20:10:20 to sticks of polyolefin-coated fertilizer (POCF) (Long70 w...The response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants basically fertilized with 0.3 g N per plant of compound fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 20:10:20 to sticks of polyolefin-coated fertilizer (POCF) (Long70 with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 14:12:14) applied 23 d after transplanting was investigated using rooting boxes in the greenhouse. The results at 26 and 40 d after stick fertilizer treatment showed that the use of the stick fertilizer greatly increased the production of many new fine roots from the tomato plants. Compared to the unfertilized control, root length and root length density in the stick fertilizer treatment increased by 3.6-6.7 fold. In the soil zones near the stick fertilizer, root weight and root mass density were also significantly higher for the stick fertilizer treatment. Additionally, the use of the stick fertilizer increased the N, P and K concentrations in the leaves and stems of the tomato plants. The new fine roots growing near the stick fertilizer not only absorbed more nutrients and translocated them to the shoots, but also contained more nutrients within themselves. The soil ammonium and nitrate N data showed that N released from the stick fertilizer played a major role in inducing the production of new fine roots. These results indicated that stick fertilizer could be used as an alternative to the co-situs application technique to change and control the root distribution of crops as well as to increase the potential capacity of roots for water and nutrient absorption.展开更多
Backgroud: Ischemic stroke is one of the challenge strategies nowadays due to the limitation of therapeutic efficacy. Yin deficiency and oxidative stress have been implicated in the mechanism of brain damage induced b...Backgroud: Ischemic stroke is one of the challenge strategies nowadays due to the limitation of therapeutic efficacy. Yin deficiency and oxidative stress have been implicated in the mechanism of brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether tomato, a “Yang food” possessing antioxidant, may ameliorate brain damage in focal cerebral ischemia induced by right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: Male rats were orally given tomato pomace (contained total phenolic compound 413.07 ± 34.45 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mg) at doses of 2, 19 and 50 mg/kg at a period of 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery. Then, they were determined the brain ischemic volume and neurological score. Moreover, the markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde level and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex were also determined. Result: The results showed that tomato pomace could mitigate brain damage and neurological impairment. The neuroprotective mechanism might occur partly via the decreased oxidative stress. Conclusion: Tomato may provide health benefit for those who are risk for stroke. However, further researches are required.展开更多
This study was conducted in order to determine the fungi and bacteria associated with tomato plants at Cameron Highlands Malaysia. The fungi which have been isolated and detected from tomato plants were: Fusarium oxys...This study was conducted in order to determine the fungi and bacteria associated with tomato plants at Cameron Highlands Malaysia. The fungi which have been isolated and detected from tomato plants were: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. acuminatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum boninense, C. acutatum and Phoma destructiva. The bacteria which have been isolated and detected from tomato plants were: Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, X. gardneri and Pseudomonas syringae. While the most pathogenic fungi were C. boninense, P. destructive and F. oxysporum with the disease incidence (89.6%, 86.6%, 85.6%) respectively, the most pathogenic bacteria were X. vesicatoria and R. solanacearum with the disease incidence (96.6% and 87.6%) respectively.展开更多
Liaoyuanduoli tomato was planted in pots in a solar greenhouse. The first leaf below the second cluster was labeled by ^14CO2 with a dose of 0.555 MBq 30 days after the second cluster anthesis. Mesophyll, midrib, peti...Liaoyuanduoli tomato was planted in pots in a solar greenhouse. The first leaf below the second cluster was labeled by ^14CO2 with a dose of 0.555 MBq 30 days after the second cluster anthesis. Mesophyll, midrib, petiole vascular of the fed leaf, internode vascular below the fed leaf (adjacent to the fed leaf), peduncle vascular of the second cluster, sepal, fruit pedicle, pulp, pectinic, and dissepiment were taken 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, after ^14CO2 feed to determinate the composition and specific activity of carbohydrate at different sites and different time after the labeling. The results indicated that almost all of the photosynthates resulting from 1 h of photosynthesis could be transported out of the leaf within 72 h and more than 85% of them were exported within 24 h. The greatest amount of sucrose transport occurred in the internode pedicel vascular bundle 8 h after the start of photosynthesis. Assimilates entering the fruit through the internode and pedicel vascular bundles were detectable but in small quantities 2 h after photosynthesis. Only the radio activity of sucrose but not that of glucose and fructose was detected, suggesting that some of the sucrose in the fruit came directly through the phloem at an early stage of fruit development, not through the synthesis of glucose and fructose. Fruit vascular may be the part where sucrose first metabolized after it entered the fruit.展开更多
文摘The study was conducted at Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh during summer season of 2021 to see the performances of yield and yield-related components of twelve heat tolerant tomato hybrids. Significant variation was expressed for days to first harvest (101.0 - 108.0 days), while maximum number of fruits per plant was calculated in F<sub>1</sub> 2101 and F<sub>1</sub> 2201 (9.5), followed by F<sub>1</sub> 203, F1 2001, F<sub>1</sub> 2303, F<sub>1</sub> 2401 (9.0). The highest single fruit weight was estimated in F<sub>1</sub> 2501 (195.5 g), followed by F<sub>1</sub> 2101 (119.0 g), F<sub>1</sub> 2201 (113.8 g), while the range was 33.1 - 195.5 g. The range of fruit yield was 7.9 - 38.7 t/ha, while higher-yielding hybrids were viz., F<sub>1</sub> 203 (27.7 t/ha), F<sub>1</sub> 2101 (35.5 t/ha), F<sub>1</sub> 2201 (33.9 t/ha) and F<sub>1</sub> 2501 (28.7 t/ha). Maximum TSS was produced by F<sub>1 </sub>2501 (5.9%), followed by BARI Hybrid Tomato-8 (5.1%), F<sub>1</sub> 1101, F<sub>1</sub> 1903 (5.0%), with a range of 4.0% - 5.9%, while TYLCV infection and leaf sucking pest infestation varied from 0.0% - 10.0% and 3.3% - 16.7%, respectively. Thus, based on the performances of different yield and yield contributing traits, the hybrids, viz., F<sub>1</sub> 2101, F<sub>1 </sub>2201, F<sub>1 </sub>2501 may be selected to develop heat tolerant tomato hybrid varieties for the farmers of sub-tropical regions.
文摘Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the important vegetables in supplying vitamins, minerals and fiber to human diets worldwide. Its successful production in the tropics is, however, constrained by environmental variations especially under open field conditions. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya to evaluate the effects of agricultural nets (agronets) herein called eco-friendly nets (EFNs) and floating row covers (FRCs) on microclimate modification, yield, and quality of tomato. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. Tomato plants were grown under fine mesh EFN (0.4-mm pore diameter) cover, large mesh EFN (0.9-mm pore diameter) cover or FRC. The EFN and FRC were maintained either permanently closed or opened thrice a week from 9 am to 3 pm. Two open control treatments were used: unsprayed (untreated control) or sprayed with chemicals (treated control). The use of EFN or FRC modified the microclimate with higher temperatures, lower diurnal temperature ranges, and higher volumetric water content recorded compared with the controls. On the other hand, light quantity and photosynthetic active radiation were reduced by the use of EFN and FRC compared with the controls. The use of FRC and EFN resulted in more fruit and higher percent in marketable yield compared with open field production. Fruit quality at harvest was also significantly improved by the use of EFN and FRC. Fruits with higher total soluble solids (TSS), lower titratable acidity (TA), and higher sugar acid ratio were obtained in EFN and FRC treatments compared with the controls. Fruits harvested from EFN and FRC were also firmer compared with control fruits. These findings demonstrate the potential of EFN and FRC in modifying microclimate conditions and improving yields and quality of tomato under tropical field conditions.
文摘The potential of different water hyacinth compost application rates in influencing growth attributes, yield and heavy metal accumulation of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in tomato fruit was studied in Masvingo. Four treatments of water hyacinth compost rates of 0, 37, 55.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1 were each replicated three times and applied in a randomized complete block design set up. Results showed that water hyacinth compost application rates significantly affected plant height, days to maturity and yield but had no influence on the number of tomato fruits per plant. The plant height at application rate of 74.1 t·ha-1 was 25%, 56% and 63% higher than the control at week 6, 9 and 12, respectively. At application rates of 56.6 t·ha-1, plant heights were 11%, 13% and 12% higher than the control whilst marginal plant height differences of -4%, 6% and 4% were recorded between application rate of 34.7 t·ha-1 and the control at week 6, 9 and 12, respectively. Tomato plants under compost rates of 34.7, 56.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1 in comparison to the control delayed maturity by 10, 17 and 20 days, respectively. Yields of 52, 55, 60 and 68 t·ha-1 were realized from hyacinth compost rates of 0, 34.7, 56.6 and 74.1 t·ha-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations increased with increase in the water hyacinth compost rate but at all application rates, the average concentrations were 85%, 93% and 86% lower than the Codex Alimentarious Commission permissible levels for Pb, Cu and Zn. Water hyacinth compost at a rate of 74 t·ha-1 therefore can be used for increased tomato yield without exposing consumers to heavy metal toxicity.
文摘To accelerate the breeding process, male sterile line is used to leave out the troublesome procedures of the artificial emasculation in tomato breeding. However, the fertility of the pollen thermo-sensitivity male sterile line (PTMSL) and the stigma exsertion male sterile line (SEMSL) are affected easily by the environments when used alone. The trial materials were Da107 and the control was First. This study was conducted to create a new male sterile line of tomato characterized by pollen thermo-sensitivity and long style by genic recombination through the hybridizing of the PTMSL and SEMSL. Research on the statistics of the pollen germination rate, the contamination rate in F1 and the flower organics indicated that Da107 was an ideal TS and SE male sterile line with the sterility of 95%, as well as it also could be used as fertile line at low temperature. Meanwhile, the results showed that hybrid-seed contamination risk with selfed seeds from residual fertility in Da107 was low.
文摘Brassinosteroids (BRs) and polyamines (PAs) are widely used to overcome abiotic stresses including salinity stress (NaCl) in plants. In the present investigation, we evaluated the co-application efficacy of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR, a highly active BR) and putrescine (Put, a PA) on the NaCl stress (75 mM and 150 mM) tolerance of Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. kuber geeta plants. A small rise in protein content was recorded under salinity stress in comparison with untreated control. The NaCl stress was found to significantly enhance the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD);while decline in catalase (CAT) activity was recorded when compared with the untreated control. Salinity stress both at 75 mM and 150 mM was able to cause significant membrane damage as evidenced by an increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content over untreated control. The EBR and Put co-applications were able to improve protein content in NaCl stressed plants over only NaCl stressed plants. The co-applications of EBR and Put were able to significantly enhance the activities of CAT, SOD and GPOX in L. esculentum under salinity stress (75 mM and 150 mM) when compared with NaCl stressed plants alone. Major decline in the MDA level recorded for EBR and Put co-applications under NaCl stress revealed reduced membrane damages when compared with NaCl stressed plants alone. Our findings provide evidence that EBR and Put co-applications are effective in amelioration of NaCl stress in L. esculentum. Thus co-application potential of EBR and Put may acts an eco-friendly approach towards NaCl stress mitigation in economically important crops.
文摘The effects of Nd^3+ on the quality and quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum were studied. The results demonstrate that Nd^3+ can increase the total amount of VOC by 75% after treatment for 120 h, as compared with the control. Phyto-oxylipins, terpenoids and aromatic compounds were increased by 73%, 38% and 21%, respectively. (E)-2-hexenal, the most abundant constituent is increased by 74%, β- phellandrene and α-caryophyllene in terpenoids,
文摘Among plants, the Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae) is the most important for its beneficial effects on health. Several epidemiological studies have shown the benefits of tomato consumption in the cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention. Tomato products constitute the major source of lycopene, the most potent antioxidant among carotenoids in vitro. In tomatoes leaves are also present many secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, phytoalexins, protease inhibitors and glycoalkaloids who protect against adverse effects of hosts including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects and are involved in host-plant resistance. In this work we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of tomato leaves extract (var. Paul Robenson) in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(30170640)Natural Science Fund of Liaoning Provice,China(20022080).
文摘Four irrigation treatments were designed with 2,4,6 and 8 d intervals to irrigate, respectively. Watering was stopped when the reading of the moisture tension sensor reached zero. The results indicated that glucose and fructose content of tomato's fruit were increased but sucrose content was decreased with fruit growth and development. In different stages, carbohydrate content of tomato fruit in the treatment 3 was the highest, in the treatment 2 was higher, and in the other treatments was the lowest. SS(sucrose synthase)activity was decreased but SPS(sucrose phosphate synthase)activity was increased with development of tomato. SS and SPS activity were increased but acid invertase and neutral invertase activity of ripe stage were decreased under deficit irrigation. Glucose and fructose content were increased in leaves of tomato under water deficit. Soluble sugars, organic acid and the ratio of sugar/acid in tomato fruits were increased and dry matter accumulation of plant was enhanced under water deficit. But the growth of fruits upside the plant and its dry matter accumulation were badly affected under water stress.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30230230, 40471069, and 30070429).
文摘The response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants basically fertilized with 0.3 g N per plant of compound fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 20:10:20 to sticks of polyolefin-coated fertilizer (POCF) (Long70 with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 14:12:14) applied 23 d after transplanting was investigated using rooting boxes in the greenhouse. The results at 26 and 40 d after stick fertilizer treatment showed that the use of the stick fertilizer greatly increased the production of many new fine roots from the tomato plants. Compared to the unfertilized control, root length and root length density in the stick fertilizer treatment increased by 3.6-6.7 fold. In the soil zones near the stick fertilizer, root weight and root mass density were also significantly higher for the stick fertilizer treatment. Additionally, the use of the stick fertilizer increased the N, P and K concentrations in the leaves and stems of the tomato plants. The new fine roots growing near the stick fertilizer not only absorbed more nutrients and translocated them to the shoots, but also contained more nutrients within themselves. The soil ammonium and nitrate N data showed that N released from the stick fertilizer played a major role in inducing the production of new fine roots. These results indicated that stick fertilizer could be used as an alternative to the co-situs application technique to change and control the root distribution of crops as well as to increase the potential capacity of roots for water and nutrient absorption.
文摘Backgroud: Ischemic stroke is one of the challenge strategies nowadays due to the limitation of therapeutic efficacy. Yin deficiency and oxidative stress have been implicated in the mechanism of brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether tomato, a “Yang food” possessing antioxidant, may ameliorate brain damage in focal cerebral ischemia induced by right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: Male rats were orally given tomato pomace (contained total phenolic compound 413.07 ± 34.45 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mg) at doses of 2, 19 and 50 mg/kg at a period of 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery. Then, they were determined the brain ischemic volume and neurological score. Moreover, the markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde level and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex were also determined. Result: The results showed that tomato pomace could mitigate brain damage and neurological impairment. The neuroprotective mechanism might occur partly via the decreased oxidative stress. Conclusion: Tomato may provide health benefit for those who are risk for stroke. However, further researches are required.
文摘This study was conducted in order to determine the fungi and bacteria associated with tomato plants at Cameron Highlands Malaysia. The fungi which have been isolated and detected from tomato plants were: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. acuminatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum boninense, C. acutatum and Phoma destructiva. The bacteria which have been isolated and detected from tomato plants were: Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, X. gardneri and Pseudomonas syringae. While the most pathogenic fungi were C. boninense, P. destructive and F. oxysporum with the disease incidence (89.6%, 86.6%, 85.6%) respectively, the most pathogenic bacteria were X. vesicatoria and R. solanacearum with the disease incidence (96.6% and 87.6%) respectively.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170640).
文摘Liaoyuanduoli tomato was planted in pots in a solar greenhouse. The first leaf below the second cluster was labeled by ^14CO2 with a dose of 0.555 MBq 30 days after the second cluster anthesis. Mesophyll, midrib, petiole vascular of the fed leaf, internode vascular below the fed leaf (adjacent to the fed leaf), peduncle vascular of the second cluster, sepal, fruit pedicle, pulp, pectinic, and dissepiment were taken 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, after ^14CO2 feed to determinate the composition and specific activity of carbohydrate at different sites and different time after the labeling. The results indicated that almost all of the photosynthates resulting from 1 h of photosynthesis could be transported out of the leaf within 72 h and more than 85% of them were exported within 24 h. The greatest amount of sucrose transport occurred in the internode pedicel vascular bundle 8 h after the start of photosynthesis. Assimilates entering the fruit through the internode and pedicel vascular bundles were detectable but in small quantities 2 h after photosynthesis. Only the radio activity of sucrose but not that of glucose and fructose was detected, suggesting that some of the sucrose in the fruit came directly through the phloem at an early stage of fruit development, not through the synthesis of glucose and fructose. Fruit vascular may be the part where sucrose first metabolized after it entered the fruit.