The Rio Grande variety of tomato is widely grown because of its high productivity during the cold and dry seasons, and its resistance to Verticillium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporium) and to stem canker (Alternaria...The Rio Grande variety of tomato is widely grown because of its high productivity during the cold and dry seasons, and its resistance to Verticillium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporium) and to stem canker (Alternaria). Grafting tomato onto compatible rootstocks resistant to these diseases offers a better potential to overcome soil-borne diseases, abiotic stresses, improve growth, yield and fruit quality. However, in Cameroon, there is little or no information on grafting between Rio Grande tomato and selected eggplant rootstocks. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the compatibility between Rio tomato grafting and a popular local eggplant (Nkeya) rootstock;2) To verify the effect of grafting on flowering time;3) To evaluate the effect of eggplant rootstocks on growth, fruit shelf life and fruit quality of Rio tomatoes. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Rio Grande (To) was the ungrafted treatment used as a control. To/Ko, To/To and To/Nk were the grafted treatments eventually transplanted to the field. Growth data were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS software. Descriptive analyses were performed for the other parameters. The results revealed that, 1) The cleft grafting method used was successful with success rate varying between 90 and 100%;2) Grafting influenced flowering date (DAT, p = 0.05) as well as tomato growth parameters including stem height (H, 1.49 × 10<sup>-10</sup> p 0.00014) and collar diameter (SD, 4 × 10<sup>-1</sup><sup>4</sup> p 0.009). The To/To treatment was significantly different from the ungrafted cultivar To, which had no significant difference in stem diameter. A significant difference in plant height was also observed between the ungrafted treatment To and the To/Ko and To/Nk treatments. In addition, only the collar diameter of To/Nk was different from To. Also, there was no significant difference between To/To and To, but a significant difference between To/Ko and To/Nk compared to To. Conversely, grafting improved the lifespan of To/Ko. Ultimately, the grafting method used was successful, but further studies are needed to overcome the problem of graft incompatibility in order to improve the agronomic performance of grafted plants.展开更多
Chemical extraction methods are generally used to evaluate trace element concentrations in soils. The adequacy of these soil tests is commonly assessed by comparing the extraction results with the metal contents in th...Chemical extraction methods are generally used to evaluate trace element concentrations in soils. The adequacy of these soil tests is commonly assessed by comparing the extraction results with the metal contents in the plants. In this study, soil and leaf samples were collected in the southwest area of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are species of great regional economic importance. These crops need good mineral nutrition for optimum growth and sustainable production. Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe micronutrient uptake by plants was analyzed together with the trace element contents in the soil in which those plants were grown. A single EDTA-extraction procedure was performed to determine soil micronutrients. The amount of extractable-trace elements increased as the concentration of the chelating agent EDTA increased. The range of total element content in soil was: 15.68-31.5 mg·kg-1 for Cu, 75.0-386.3 mg·kg-1 for Zn, 542.5 -1686 mg·kg-1 for Mn and 28,325-32,675 mg·kg-1 for Fe. Micronutrient contents in mature leaf tissue were determined by the acid digestion method. Total and available micronutrient content in soil as well as total content in leaves were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Total micronutrient content and the available extractable-fraction in soils were below the critical values for plant growth. This was in agreement with the amount of micronutrients present in the leaf tissue. A strong relationship between the extraction data and the soil-plant transfer coefficients suggested an appropriate exchange of trace elements from soils to garlic, onion and tomato plants.展开更多
为探究伴生不同作物对主栽番茄根际土壤肥力与健康影响的作用机制,设置番茄伴生生菜、苋菜、菜心、薄荷和葱的栽培模式,基于高通量测序技术分析伴生不同作物栽培模式下主栽番茄根际土壤肥力及细菌、真菌多样性。结果显示:除菜心外,其他...为探究伴生不同作物对主栽番茄根际土壤肥力与健康影响的作用机制,设置番茄伴生生菜、苋菜、菜心、薄荷和葱的栽培模式,基于高通量测序技术分析伴生不同作物栽培模式下主栽番茄根际土壤肥力及细菌、真菌多样性。结果显示:除菜心外,其他4种伴生作物均显著提高了主栽番茄植株根际土壤中涉及氮、磷循环的土壤酶活性以及微生物生物量碳、氮、磷;伴生栽培虽然没有丰富主栽番茄植株根际土壤中细菌、真菌多样性,但改变了主栽番茄植株根际土壤细菌、真菌优势门属间的丰度占比;门分类水平下,伴生管理均提高了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、Patescibacteria细菌的丰度占比;属分类水平下,norank f Microscillace⁃ae、norank f norank o Vicinamibacterales、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、norank f Gemmatimonadaceae、交替赤杆菌属(Altererythrobacter)细菌是番茄伴生不同作物中丰度占比前10的特有优势细菌属。此外,伴生栽培不同程度地改变了主栽番茄植株根际土壤真菌多样性和丰富度,富集了壶菌门、担子菌门和油壶菌门优势真菌门;同时富集了unclassified o Sordariales、油壶菌属(Olpidium)和锥盖伞属(Conocybe)、Phialemonium、unclassified o Pleosporales、unclassified o Boletales和Sodiomyces属等优势真菌属,亦提高了毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)的丰度占比。研究结果表明,番茄伴生栽培生菜、苋菜、薄荷和葱4种植物均同程度地有助于不提高番茄根际土壤肥力和维护根际微环境土壤健康的作用,其中,伴生栽培生菜和薄荷提升土壤肥力及维护土壤健康的效果优于伴生菜心、苋菜和葱。展开更多
许多重要蔬菜和水果隶属于茄科(Solanaceae),植物花发育是物种延续和产品形成关键决定因子。茄科毛酸浆(Physalispubescens)是药食同源半野生浆果,目前其花发育研究不多。为了从不同视角了解茄科植物花发育,本研究采用比较生物学方法从...许多重要蔬菜和水果隶属于茄科(Solanaceae),植物花发育是物种延续和产品形成关键决定因子。茄科毛酸浆(Physalispubescens)是药食同源半野生浆果,目前其花发育研究不多。为了从不同视角了解茄科植物花发育,本研究采用比较生物学方法从花的形态特征和解剖学层面解析了毛酸浆(P.pubescens)和茄科模式植物番茄(Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)花器特征和小孢子发育进程。结果显示,开花后毛酸浆花萼迅速生长包被果实、花瓣有紫色斑纹、花药顶颈可育及背部开裂散粉特征与番茄花萼生长缓慢、黄色花瓣、花药顶颈不育及腹缝开裂散粉方式截然不同,展示了茄科植物遗传多样性。毛酸浆小孢子发育,在“四分体”之前迟于番茄,而“四分体”之后期却快于番茄。特别是番茄药隔组织在“四分体”时期开始向药室异常内突,并在花粉成熟期占据药室近1/2空间,而未在毛酸浆中观察到。该研究为开发茄科新的模式植物和从不同视角理解庞大茄科植物花发育提供了重要信息。展开更多
文摘The Rio Grande variety of tomato is widely grown because of its high productivity during the cold and dry seasons, and its resistance to Verticillium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporium) and to stem canker (Alternaria). Grafting tomato onto compatible rootstocks resistant to these diseases offers a better potential to overcome soil-borne diseases, abiotic stresses, improve growth, yield and fruit quality. However, in Cameroon, there is little or no information on grafting between Rio Grande tomato and selected eggplant rootstocks. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the compatibility between Rio tomato grafting and a popular local eggplant (Nkeya) rootstock;2) To verify the effect of grafting on flowering time;3) To evaluate the effect of eggplant rootstocks on growth, fruit shelf life and fruit quality of Rio tomatoes. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Rio Grande (To) was the ungrafted treatment used as a control. To/Ko, To/To and To/Nk were the grafted treatments eventually transplanted to the field. Growth data were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS software. Descriptive analyses were performed for the other parameters. The results revealed that, 1) The cleft grafting method used was successful with success rate varying between 90 and 100%;2) Grafting influenced flowering date (DAT, p = 0.05) as well as tomato growth parameters including stem height (H, 1.49 × 10<sup>-10</sup> p 0.00014) and collar diameter (SD, 4 × 10<sup>-1</sup><sup>4</sup> p 0.009). The To/To treatment was significantly different from the ungrafted cultivar To, which had no significant difference in stem diameter. A significant difference in plant height was also observed between the ungrafted treatment To and the To/Ko and To/Nk treatments. In addition, only the collar diameter of To/Nk was different from To. Also, there was no significant difference between To/To and To, but a significant difference between To/Ko and To/Nk compared to To. Conversely, grafting improved the lifespan of To/Ko. Ultimately, the grafting method used was successful, but further studies are needed to overcome the problem of graft incompatibility in order to improve the agronomic performance of grafted plants.
文摘Chemical extraction methods are generally used to evaluate trace element concentrations in soils. The adequacy of these soil tests is commonly assessed by comparing the extraction results with the metal contents in the plants. In this study, soil and leaf samples were collected in the southwest area of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are species of great regional economic importance. These crops need good mineral nutrition for optimum growth and sustainable production. Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe micronutrient uptake by plants was analyzed together with the trace element contents in the soil in which those plants were grown. A single EDTA-extraction procedure was performed to determine soil micronutrients. The amount of extractable-trace elements increased as the concentration of the chelating agent EDTA increased. The range of total element content in soil was: 15.68-31.5 mg·kg-1 for Cu, 75.0-386.3 mg·kg-1 for Zn, 542.5 -1686 mg·kg-1 for Mn and 28,325-32,675 mg·kg-1 for Fe. Micronutrient contents in mature leaf tissue were determined by the acid digestion method. Total and available micronutrient content in soil as well as total content in leaves were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Total micronutrient content and the available extractable-fraction in soils were below the critical values for plant growth. This was in agreement with the amount of micronutrients present in the leaf tissue. A strong relationship between the extraction data and the soil-plant transfer coefficients suggested an appropriate exchange of trace elements from soils to garlic, onion and tomato plants.
文摘为探究伴生不同作物对主栽番茄根际土壤肥力与健康影响的作用机制,设置番茄伴生生菜、苋菜、菜心、薄荷和葱的栽培模式,基于高通量测序技术分析伴生不同作物栽培模式下主栽番茄根际土壤肥力及细菌、真菌多样性。结果显示:除菜心外,其他4种伴生作物均显著提高了主栽番茄植株根际土壤中涉及氮、磷循环的土壤酶活性以及微生物生物量碳、氮、磷;伴生栽培虽然没有丰富主栽番茄植株根际土壤中细菌、真菌多样性,但改变了主栽番茄植株根际土壤细菌、真菌优势门属间的丰度占比;门分类水平下,伴生管理均提高了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、Patescibacteria细菌的丰度占比;属分类水平下,norank f Microscillace⁃ae、norank f norank o Vicinamibacterales、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、norank f Gemmatimonadaceae、交替赤杆菌属(Altererythrobacter)细菌是番茄伴生不同作物中丰度占比前10的特有优势细菌属。此外,伴生栽培不同程度地改变了主栽番茄植株根际土壤真菌多样性和丰富度,富集了壶菌门、担子菌门和油壶菌门优势真菌门;同时富集了unclassified o Sordariales、油壶菌属(Olpidium)和锥盖伞属(Conocybe)、Phialemonium、unclassified o Pleosporales、unclassified o Boletales和Sodiomyces属等优势真菌属,亦提高了毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)的丰度占比。研究结果表明,番茄伴生栽培生菜、苋菜、薄荷和葱4种植物均同程度地有助于不提高番茄根际土壤肥力和维护根际微环境土壤健康的作用,其中,伴生栽培生菜和薄荷提升土壤肥力及维护土壤健康的效果优于伴生菜心、苋菜和葱。
文摘许多重要蔬菜和水果隶属于茄科(Solanaceae),植物花发育是物种延续和产品形成关键决定因子。茄科毛酸浆(Physalispubescens)是药食同源半野生浆果,目前其花发育研究不多。为了从不同视角了解茄科植物花发育,本研究采用比较生物学方法从花的形态特征和解剖学层面解析了毛酸浆(P.pubescens)和茄科模式植物番茄(Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)花器特征和小孢子发育进程。结果显示,开花后毛酸浆花萼迅速生长包被果实、花瓣有紫色斑纹、花药顶颈可育及背部开裂散粉特征与番茄花萼生长缓慢、黄色花瓣、花药顶颈不育及腹缝开裂散粉方式截然不同,展示了茄科植物遗传多样性。毛酸浆小孢子发育,在“四分体”之前迟于番茄,而“四分体”之后期却快于番茄。特别是番茄药隔组织在“四分体”时期开始向药室异常内突,并在花粉成熟期占据药室近1/2空间,而未在毛酸浆中观察到。该研究为开发茄科新的模式植物和从不同视角理解庞大茄科植物花发育提供了重要信息。
