Computed tomography angiography-negative aortic dissection in a patient using Phencyclidine

Although the average age of diagnosis for aorticdissection is 63,[1] this case demonstrates the need toconsider AD in younger patients, particularly in thepresence of risk factors or in the absence of anotherreasonable diagnosis. This case suggests PCP use as aprecipitant for hypertension and sympathomimetic stresson the aorta. Despite high sensitivity, false negativeCTA imaging for AD can occur. If pretest probabilityremains high, further imaging must be obtained. Duringresuscitation in the ED, focused point-of-care ultrasoundcan also assist with medical decision making.

The Application of Computed Tomography Angiography in Aortic Dissection

Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening clinical emergency requiring rapid diagnosis and effective intervention to improve patient survival and prognosis. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) can be used to diagnose AD accurately and quickly, making it the first choice for diagnosing AD in an emergency. This article reviews the application of CTA in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

Multi-detector computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of acute aortic syndromes

Acute aortic syndrome(AAS) is a spectrum of conditions, which may ultimately progress to potentially life-threatening aortic rupture. This syndrome encompasses aortic dissection(AD), intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer and unstable thoracic aortic aneurysms. Multi-detector CT(MDCT) is crucial for the diagnosis of AAS, especially in the emergency setting due to its speed, accuracy and ready availability. This review attends to the value of appropriate imaging protocols in obtaining good quality images that can permit a confident diagnosis of AAS. AD is the most commonly encountered AAS and also the one with maximum potential to cause catastrophic outcome if not diagnosed and managed promptly. Hence, this review briefly addresses certain relevant clinical perspectives on this condition. Differentiating the false from the true lumen in AD is often essential; a spectrum of CT findings, e.g., "beak sign", aortic "cobwebs" that allows such differentiation have been described with explicit illustrations. The value of non enhanced CT scans, especially useful in the diagnosis of an intramural hematoma has also been illustrated. Overlap in the clinical and imaging features of the various conditions presenting as AAS is not unusual. However, on most instances MDCT enables the rightdiagnosis. On select occasions MRI or trans-esophageal echocardiography may be required as a problem solving tool.

Significance of an additional unenhanced scan in computed tomography angiography of patients with suspected acute aortic syndrome

AIM To assess potential benefits of an additional unenhanced acquisition in computed tomography angiography(CTA) in patients with suspected acute aortic syndrome(AAS).METHODS A total of 103 aortic CTA(non-electrocardiography-gated, 128 slices) performed due to suspected AAS were retrospectively evaluated for acute aortic dissection(AAD), intramural hematoma(IMH), or penetrating aortic ulcer(PAU). Spiral CTA protocol consisted of an unenhanced acquisition and an arterial phase. If AAS was detected, a venous phase(delay, 90 s) was added. Images were evaluated for the presence and extent of AAD, IMH, PAU, and related complications. The diagnostic benefit of the unenhanced acquisition was evaluated concerning detection of IMH.RESULTS Fifty-six(30% women; mean age, 67 years; median, 68 years) of the screened individuals had AAD or IMH. A triphasic CT scan was conducted in 76.8%(n =43). 56% of the detected AAD were classified as Stanford type A, 44% as Stanford type B. 53.8% of the detected IMH were classified as Stanford type A, 46.2% as Stanford type B. There was no significant difference in the involvement of the ascending aorta between AAD and IMH(P = 1.0) or in the average age between AAD and IMH(P = 0.548), between Stanford type A and Stanford type B in general(P = 0.650) and between Stanford type A and Stanford type B within the entities of AAD and IMH(AAD: P = 0.785; IMH: P = 0.146). Only the unenhanced acquisitions showed a significant density difference between the adjacent lumen and the IMH(P = 0.035). Subadventitial hematoma involving the pulmonary trunk was present in 5 patients(16%) with Stanford A AAD. The difference between the median radiation exposure of a triphasic(2737 mGy*cm) compared to a biphasic CT scan(2135 mGy*cm) was not significant(P = 0.135).CONCLUSION IMH is a common and difficult to detect entity of AAS. An additional unenhanced acquisition within an aortic CTA protocol facilitates the detection of IMH.

Multislice CT virtual intravascular endoscopy of aortic dissection:A pictorial essay

AIM:To present our experience of using 3D virtual intravascular endoscopy(VIE) to characterize and evaluate the intraluminal appearances of aortic dissection.METHODS:Ten patients with known aortic dissection underwent dual-source computed tomography angiography and were included in the study.In addition to 2D axial and multiplanar reformatted images as well as 3D reconstructions,VIE images were created in each patient to demonstrate intraluminal views of the aorta and its branches,origin of artery branches and artery branch involvement by aortic dissection.RESULTS:Stanford A dissection was found in 8 patients and B dissection in the remaining 2 patients.VIE images were successfully generated in all of the patients with excellent visualization of the normal anatomical structures,intimal flap and intimal entrance tear,communication between true and false lumens,as well as assessment of the extent of aortic dissection.CONCLUSION:Our preliminary experience suggests that VIE could be used as a complementary tool to assist radiologists accurately evaluate aortic dissection so that better patient management can be achieved.

Hemothorax Revealing Aortic Aneurism and Aortic Dissection

Hemothorax caused by rupture of aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection is an uncommon manifestation and carries a high mortality rate. We report two cases of 75- and 80-year-old men, who were referred to our department for exploration of a left pleural opacity. Thoracentesis produced a hemorrhagic fluid. The computed tomography scan revealed an aortic dissection type B of Stanford in the first case and an aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta in the second patient. Emergency operation was performed in the first case but the patient died of multiple organ failure 48 hours after surgery. Aortic dissection or aneurysm can result in a hemothorax especially in patient with favourable conditions such as elderly patient and systemic hypertension. Diagnosis relies on computed tomography (CT) scan and echocardiography.

Acute Type B Dissection Complicated by Aortic Coarctation

We report a case of acute type B aortic dissection complicated by coarctation of aorta in 35-year-old women. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a short segment aortic narrowing with diameter of 9.2 mm a small intimal tear, a true lumen, a false lumen, a markedly thick mural thrombus and pleural effusion. Open surgical procedure was performed and the aortic coarctation (CoA) and aortic dissection were resected and a 24-mm prosthetic graft was anastomosed. No pseudo aneurysms were present at the anastomosis sites on the follow up CTA.

CTA、超声联合D-二聚体在Stanford A型主动脉夹层及其分型诊断中的应用

目的探讨计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)、超声联合D-二聚体(D-D)在Stanford A型主动脉夹层及其分型诊断中的应用。方法回顾性分析我院2017年3月至2024年3月收治的98例疑似Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者临床资料,均接受超声检查、CTA检查、外周血D-D水平测定,以手术结果作为“金标准”。统计并比较所有研究对象在超声检查、CTA检查下Stanford A型主动脉夹层检出结果。比较Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者、非Stanford A型主动脉夹层者血浆D-D水平并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析诊断价值。分析三者联合对Stanford A型主动脉夹层检出结果、诊断价值。分析超声检查、CTA检查、血浆D-D测定对Stanford A型主动脉夹层分型检出结果,分析典型病例图片。结果手术结果说明,98例疑似Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者中确诊42例,其余56例为非Stanford A型主动脉夹层者,超声确诊35例,CTA检查确诊37例,且Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者血浆D-D水平比非Stanford A型主动脉夹层者高。进一步分析三者联合对Stanford A型主动脉夹层检出结果、诊断价值发现,确诊39例,与手术结果比较Kappa值为0.757(P<0.05)。此外,三者单独与联合检测Stanford A型主动脉夹层分型检出结果差异不存在统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CTA、超声、血浆D-D联合诊断Stanford A型主动脉夹层结果优于三者单独应用,且诊断价值较高,可作为辅助诊断该疾病主要参考依据。

多层螺旋计算机断层扫描多维重建参数、血管活性药物评分在急性主动脉夹层预后中的预测价值

目的探讨多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(CT)多维重建(MPR)参数、血管活性药物评分(VIS)在急性主动脉夹层预后中的预测价值。方法收集2017年4月至2022年4月于聊城市第二人民医院(山东第一医科大学附属聊城二院)进行手术治疗的68例急性主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,根据是否发生院内死亡将其分为死亡组(n=24)和对照组(n=44)。对比两组患者的主动脉夹层的MPR参数、血管活性药物评分(VIS),绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析MPR参数与VIS预测急性主动脉夹层患者院内死亡的价值,采用Logistic回归模型分析MPR参数、VIS与患者术后发生院内死亡风险的关系。结果死亡组患者侵犯血管条数、假腔面积占主动脉管腔面积之比、VIS均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)越高、输血量越大、呼吸机使用时间越长、合并败血症、合并肺部感染、并发意识障碍、假腔面积占主动脉管腔面积之比升高、VIS升高均是急性主动脉夹层患者术后发生院内死亡的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,侵犯血管条数、假腔面积占主动脉管腔面积之比、VIS预测急性主动脉夹层患者术后死亡风险的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.611、0.861、0.949。结论假腔面积占主动脉管腔面积之比、VIS可在一定程度上预测急性主动脉夹层患者术后发生院内死亡的风险,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。

疑似急性肺动脉栓塞的A型主动脉夹层1例并文献复习

本院收治1例以胸痛、胸闷就诊的患者,入院时心脏超声及CT检查提示主动脉夹层可能,但患者存在严重低氧血症[动脉血氧分压/吸入氧气分数比值(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))<200mmHg]、右心负荷增加表现,同时符合急性肺动脉栓塞的临床表现,进一步完善计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)检查,见主动脉夹层形成的巨大假性动脉瘤压迫肺动脉主干,术中经影像学也进一步得到证实。该患者的缺氧表现实际为主动脉夹层动脉瘤局部压迫引起肺动脉狭窄所致。此病例较为罕见,临床上应注意借助辅助检查手段迅速鉴别,以免漏诊、误诊造成严重后果。

使用深度学习在CTA扫描卷下实现主动脉夹层分类和直径测量的双功能系统

Acute aortic dissection is one of the most life-threatening cardiovascular diseases,with a high mortality rate.Its prevalence ranges from 0.2%to 0.8%in humans,resulting in a significant number of deaths due to being missed in manual examinations.More importantly,the aortic diameter—a critical indicator for surgical selection—significantly influences the outcomes of surgeries post-diagnosis.Therefore,it is an urgent yet challenging mission to develop an automatic aortic dissection diagnostic system that can recognize and classify the aortic dissection type and measure the aortic diameter.This paper offers a dual-functional deep learning system called aortic dissections diagnosis-aiding system(DDAsys)that enables both accurate classification of aortic dissection and precise diameter measurement of the aorta.To this end,we created a dataset containing 61190 computed tomography angiography(CTA)images from 279 patients from the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery at Tongji Hospital,Wuhan,China.The dataset provides a slice-level summary of difficult-to-identify features,which helps to improve the accuracy of both recognition and classification.Our system achieves a recognition F1 score of 0.984,an average classification F1 score of 0.935,and the respective measurement precisions for ascending and descending aortic diameters are 0.994 mm and 0.767 mm root mean square error(RMSE).The high consistency(88.6%)between the recommended surgical treatments and the actual corresponding surgeries verifies the capability of our system to aid clinicians in developing a more prompt,precise,and consistent treatment strategy.

探讨多层螺旋CT诊断主动脉夹层的价值

目的 对多层螺旋CT诊断主动脉疾病的能力进行评价。方法 用多层螺旋CT机对 12例临床怀疑主动脉疾病的患者进行扫描 ,层厚 3 .2mm ,重建间隔 1.6mm ,由高压注射器经静脉团注 10 0ml造影剂 ,速度 3ml/s ,将数据传至专门工作站进行后处理。结果 检出 2例主动脉瘤、5例主动脉夹层 ,其中 4例Ш乙型主动脉夹层 ,1例主动脉粥样硬化斑形成 ,4例正常主动脉。

主动脉夹层的临床病理特点及CT诊断

MSCT已成为主动脉夹层诊断及随访的重要影像学检查方法之一。本文对主动脉夹层的临床病理特点及CT诊断进展予以综述。

64层螺旋CT血管成像技术对主动脉夹层的显示能力

目的评价MPR、CPR、VR、MIP和SSD后处理技术对主动脉夹层的破口、内膜瓣和真、假腔的显示能力。方法39例拟诊为主动脉病变的患者作为本课题的研究对象,采用团注追踪法对所有患者行64层螺旋CT增强扫描,以3.5～4ml/s速率分别注射100ml非离子型对比剂和40～50ml生理盐水。39例病人均行MPR、CPR、VR、MIP和SSD重组,分别计算各种方法对破口、内膜瓣和真、假腔的显示率,以及显示破口的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果MPR、CPR、VR和SSD对破口的显示率分别为80.9%、85.7%、19%和9.5%,对内膜瓣的显示率均为100%。MIP不能直接显示破口和内膜瓣。MPR、CPR、VR和SSD对真、假腔的显示率均为100%,MIP为76.2%。结论MPR和CPR对主动脉夹层显示的最好,VR和SSD次之,MIP最差。MPR和CPR显示主动脉夹层破口的敏感性、特异性、准确性明显高于VR和SSD。

320排CT血管造影诊断主动脉夹层

目的探讨320排CTA在主动脉夹层(AD)诊断中的价值。方法回顾分析59例临床诊断AD患者的320排CTA检查资料,对比其与16排CTA、MRA及DSA的差异。结果 59例AD患者中,3种方法共诊断AD 43例,胸主动脉瘤4例,真性腹主动脉瘤9例,假性腹主动脉瘤3例。320排CTA诊断AD破口位置的准确率(75/77,97.40%)高于16排CTA(47/53,88.68%,χ2=4.14,P<0.05)及MRA(40/46,86.96%,χ2=5.17,P<0.05);其电离辐射剂量[(849.62±44.73)mGy]低于16排CTA[(927.11±39.47)mGy,t=2.84,P<0.05]及DSA[(976.85±54.21)mGy](t=2.51,P<0.05),并可清晰显示内膜片、真假腔、血栓形成及主要内脏动脉分支受累情况。结论 320排CTA是诊断AD的安全、快捷、有效且无创的方法,对临床制定治疗方案有重要应用价值。

超声及CTA对主动脉夹层Stanford细化分型的诊断价值

目的探讨超声、计算机体层摄影血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA)及两者联合对主动脉夹层Stanford细化分型的诊断价值。方法对128例高度怀疑主动脉夹层的患者分别进行超声和CTA检查,并依据Stanford细化分型做出诊断,该分型包括A1、A2、A3型和B1、B2、B3型,其中每个亚型又包括S和C两个亚级;以手术结果为金标准,分别评价超声、CTA及两者联合对主动脉夹层Stanford细化分型的诊断价值。结果①术前超声、CTA及两者联合对夹层细化分型诊断的敏感性分别为76.5%、91.3%、100%;特异性分别为34.5%、0%、34.5%;准确性分别为72.7%、82.0%、93.8%;阳性预测值分别为91.7%、89.0%、93.5%;阴性预测值分别为15.6%、0%、100%;②超声对A1S、A2S、A3S诊断准确率为100%,而对B3C容易漏诊;CTA对A1S、A1C以及所有B亚型诊断准确率为100%,而对A2S、A2C容易误诊;两者结合能明显提高细化分型诊断的准确率。结论超声及CTA对主动脉夹层Stanford细化分型诊断具有重要的诊断价值,两者联合能明显提高诊断的敏感度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。

CT平扫在疑似主动脉夹层中的诊断价值

目的探讨非强化CT扫描在疑似主动脉夹层患者中的诊断价值。方法收集来我院就诊疑似主动脉夹层行多层螺旋CT检查(平扫+强化扫描)的85例患者资料,其中主动脉夹层患者60例,非主动脉夹层者25例,由2名医师在不知道临床信息及强化CT结果的情况下回顾性分析其平扫图像,记录诊断准确性。结果在所测参数中,清晰内膜片对主动脉夹层的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值分别为50%、100%、100%,清晰内膜片+模糊内膜片对主动脉夹层的诊断敏感性提高到80%,更重要的是,如果和其他征象(如钙化内移、高密度血肿等)联合诊断,则非强化CT的诊断敏感性将更高。结论 CT平扫多征象组合对主动脉夹层有较好的诊断价值,是主动脉夹层的一种有效诊断方法。

Debakey III型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后近期CT评估及价值

目的 探讨DebakeyIII型主动脉夹层进行腔内隔绝术 (EVE)后CT评估的方法及价值。 方法 5 1例De bakeyIII型主动脉夹层患者接受了EVE手术治疗。主要检查内容为移植物的形态、位置 ;移植物内的血流通畅度 ;有无内漏及夹层变化情况。结果 术后近期CT所见 :1例术后 7天CTA检查发现移植物中段少量内漏。 4例于术后 7天发现假腔血栓化不彻底 ,有远端血液反流入假腔。 1例移植物失去正常形态 ,但血流通畅 ,未处理。其余均未发现真腔外异常血流影像。结论 主动脉夹层EVE术后CT评估具有图像重建方式多样、提供的信息量大、可准确测量、图像直观易理解、成像清晰、可观察周围组织、易检出并发症等优点 ,应作为首选的术后评估方法。

双源CT主动脉成像在DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层杂交手术前后评价中的价值

目的:评价双源CTA在DeBakey I型主动脉夹层杂交手术治疗前后的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析11例夹层破口位于升主动脉或主动脉弓的DeBakey I型胸主动脉夹层患者行杂交手术术前及术后CTA,6例患者的术中DSA资料和CTA进行对照分析。结果:11例患者术前CTA明确诊断为DeBakey I型主动脉夹层,6例破口位于升主动脉根部上方附近,3例位于主动脉弓部,2例假腔机化,11例均累及胸主动脉及降主动脉,4例累及主动脉弓主要分支;术后CTA复查均很好显示置入支架位置,假腔血栓机化情况,重建主动脉弓及旁路血管显示清晰,其中2例患者左侧锁骨下动脉起始段闭塞,1例主动脉弓部局部出现内漏,其余患者夹层假腔内血栓机化,真腔内径扩大,旁路血管通畅。结论:双源CT主动脉成像在DeBakey I型胸主动脉夹层杂交手术前后的评价中有非常重要的价值。

急性主动脉夹层患者320排CT肾脏灌注研究

目的:研究主动脉夹层的患者肾脏的CT灌注特点,评价其指导手术的意义。方法:采用东芝公司AQUIL-ION ONE 320排CT,对30名诊断主动脉夹层的患者,术前进行双肾血流灌注检查,测量肾血流量参数值。根据肾动脉受累情况,分为真腔组、假腔组、夹层组、骑跨组。真腔组为肾动脉未受累,假腔组为肾动脉起自假腔,夹层组为肾动脉可见内膜片,骑跨组为肾动脉开口骑跨内膜破口。结果:30名患者,右肾动脉正常22例,受累8例,其中右肾动脉起自假腔6例,骑跨内膜破口2例;左肾动脉正常16例,受累14例,其中左肾动脉起自假腔9例,骑跨3例,夹层2例。真腔组、假腔组、夹层组、骑跨组肾皮质血流量参数平均值分别为305.2±7.7,311.2±11.7,126.2±11.6,364.5±12.0;肾髓质血流量参数平均值分别为175.9±7.8,173.2±12.1,89.7±15.3,231.3±8.0。采用t检验,真腔组与夹层组、骑跨组差异显著,P<0.05;与假腔组血流量参数值差异不显著,P>0.05;骑跨组肾血流量大于真腔组、假腔组,夹层组肾血流量小于真腔组、假腔组。结论:肾脏动态CT灌注不但可以观察肾动脉有无夹层或狭窄,还可以反映肾脏的微循环改变。研究主动脉夹层的患者肾脏的CT灌注特点,通过测量肾血流量以判定肾脏的功能,有助于术前的充分准备,指导术中、术后治疗方案,具有重要的临床意义。