The risk of prostate cancer on incidental finding of an avid prostate uptake on 2-deoxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for non-prostate cancer-related pathology:A single centre retrospective study

Objective:To review the risk of prostate cancer(PCa)in men with incidentally reported increased intraprostatic uptake at 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)ordered at Department of Urology,The Wesley Hospital,Brisbane,QLD,Australia for non-PCa related pathology.Methods:Retrospective analysis of consecutive men between August 2014 and August 2019 presenting to a single institution for 18F-FDG PET/CT for non-prostate related conditions was conducted.Men were classified as benign,indeterminate,or malignant depending of the results of prostate-specific antigen(PSA),PSA velocity,biopsy histopathology,and three-Tesla(3 T)multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score,or gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen(68Ga-PSMA)PET/CT results.Results:Three percent(273/9122)of men demonstrated 18F-FDG avidity within the prostate.Eighty-five percent(231/273)were further investigated,including with PSA tests(227/231,98.3%),3 T mpMRI(68/231,29.4%),68Ga-PSMA PET/CT(33/231,14.3%),and prostate biopsy(57/231,24.7%).Results were considered benign in 130/231(56.3%),indeterminate in 31/231(13.4%),and malignant in 70/231(30.3%).PCa was identified in 51/57(89.5%)of the men who proceeded to biopsy,including 26/27(96.3%)men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores 4-5 mpMRI and six men with a positive 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.The most common Gleason score on biopsy was greater than or equal to 4+5(14/51,27.5%).68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was concordant with the 18F-FDG findings in 26/33(78.8%).All 13 men with a positive concordant 18F-FDG,3 T mpMRI,and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had PCa on biopsy.There was no statistically significant difference in the 18F-FDG maximum standardized uptake value between the benign or malignant groups(5.7 vs.6.1;p=0.580).Conclusion:In this study,after an incidental finding of an avid intraprostatic lesion on 18F-FDG PET/CT,70 of the 231 cases(30.3%;0.8%of the entire cohort)had results consistent with PCa,most commonly as Gleason score greater than or equal to 4+5 disease.Unless there is limited life expectancy due to competing medical co-morbidity,men with an incidental finding of intraprostatic uptake on 18F-FDG should be further investigated using principles of PCa detection.

Study on sex differences and potential clinical value of threedimensional computerized tomography pelvimetry in rectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery is a complex procedure affected by various factors.However,the existing literature lacks standardized parameters for the pelvic region and soft tissues,which hampers the establishment of consistent conclusions.AIM To comprehensively assess 16 pelvic and 7 soft tissue parameters through computerized tomography(CT)-based three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction,providing a strong theoretical basis to address challenges in laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery.METHODS We analyzed data from 218 patients who underwent radical laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer,and utilized CT data for 3D pelvic reconstruction.Specific anatomical points were carefully marked and measured using advanced 3D modeling software.To analyze the pelvic and soft tissue parameters,we emp-loyed statistical methods including paired sample t-tests,Wilcoxon rank-sum tests,and correlation analysis.RESULTS The investigation highlighted significant sex disparities in 14 pelvic bone parameters and 3 soft tissue parameters.Males demonstrated larger measurements in pelvic depth and overall curvature,smaller measurements in pelvic width,a larger mesorectal fat area,and a larger anterior-posterior abdominal diameter.By contrast,females exhibited wider pelvises,shallower depth,smaller overall curvature,and an increased amount of subcutaneous fat tissue.However,there were no significant sex differences observed in certain parameters such as sacral curvature height,superior pubococcygeal diameter,rectal area,visceral fat area,waist circumference,and transverse abdominal diameter.CONCLUSION The reconstruction of 3D CT data enabled accurate pelvic measurements,revealing significant sex differences in both pelvic and soft tissue parameters.This study design offer potential in predicting surgical difficulties and creating personalized surgical plans for male rectal cancer patients with a potentially“difficult pelvis”,ultimately improving surgical outcomes.Further research and utilization of these parameters could lead to enhanced surgical methods and patient care in laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery.

Retinal capillary plexus in Parkinson’s disease using optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM:To evaluate the alterations of the retinal microvasculature and foveal avascular zone in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:A retrospective study of PD patients examined in the Ophthalmology Department of the General Hospital of Athens,“Georgios Gennimatas”from March 2021 to March 2022 was conducted.Totally 44 patients with PD were included and 18 healthy controls were examined,hence a total of 124 eyes were enrolled in the study.The foveal and parafoveal superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular density(fSCP-VD,fDCP-VD,pSCP-VD,pDCP-CD)and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were quantified with OCTA.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure macular thickness.Our statistical analysis was conducted by using a mixed effect linear regression model.RESULTS:After adjustment for age and gender,the mean parafoveal superficial capillary plexus vascular density(pSCP-VD)and mean parafoveal deep capillary plexus vascular density(pDCP-VD)were significantly decreased in individuals with PD(P<0.001 in both)by-2.35(95%CI-3.3,-1.45)and-7.5(95%CI-10.4,-4.6)respectively.fSCP-VD and fDCP-VD didn’t approach statistical significance.The FAZ area and perimeter were significantly decreased(P<0.001 in both)by-0.1 mm^(2)(95%CI-0.13,-0.07)and-0.49 mm^(2)(95%CI-0.66,-0.32)respectively.Circularity didn’t approach statistical significance.Central retinal thickness(CRT)was significantly decreased in individuals with PD(P<0.001)by-23.1μm(95%CI-30.2,-16)and temporal retinal thickness(TRT)was decreased(P=0.025)by-11μm(95%CI-22,-1.5)while nasal retinal thickness(NRT)only approached statistical significance(P=0.066).CONCLUSION:The mean pSCP-VD,pDCP-VD,CRT and TRT are significantly decreased and FAZ is altered in individuals with PD.These findings can be potentially used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and evaluation of early PD.

Guiding function of positron emission tomographycomputed tomography examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

AIM:To explore the role of positron emission tomographycomputed tomography(PET-CT)examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma(OAML).METHODS:The general clinical data,postoperative PET-CT results,treatment regimens,and the prognosis of 21 histopathologically confirmed OAML patients between October 2017 and September 2021 were collected.Among the 21 patients,five patients underwent surgical treatment alone,13 patients underwent surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy,and three patients underwent surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy.RESULTS:The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 79mo,with four cases of recurrence and no deaths.Through PETCT examination,two patients exhibited both local ocular metabolic elevation and systemic metastasis,and one of these patients had cervical lymph node metastasis,while the other had submandibular and parotid gland metastasis.Nine patients showed only local ocular metabolic elevation,while 10 patients had no abnormal metabolic activity locally.CONCLUSION:PET-CT examination plays a crucial role in detecting residual lesions and recurrence following tumor resection,aiding in precise disease staging,and facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans,ultimately improving patient prognosis.

Three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of acute and chronic primary angle-closure using swept-source optical coherence tomography

AIM:To compare the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and choroidal thickness between fellow eyes of acute primary angle-closure(F-APAC)and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma(F-CPACG)and the eyes of normal controls.METHODS:This study included 37 patients with unilateral APAC,37 with asymmetric CPACG without prior treatment,and 36 healthy participants.Using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness and three-dimensional CVI were measured and compared globally and sectorally.Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate choroidal thickness or CVI with related factors.RESULTS:The mean subfoveal CVIs were 0.35±0.10,0.33±0.09,and 0.29±0.04,and the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness were 315.62±52.92,306.22±59.29,and 262.69±45.55μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,respectively.All macular sectors showed significantly higher CVIs and choroidal thickness in the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes than in the normal eyes(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes.In the peripapillary region,the mean overall CVIs were 0.21±0.08,0.20±0.08,and 0.19±0.05,and the mean overall choroidal thickness were 180.45±54.18,174.82±50.67,and 176.18±37.94μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,respectively.There were no significant differences between any of the two groups in all peripapillary sectors.Younger age,shorter axial length,and the F-APAC or F-CPACG diagnosis were significantly associated with higher subfoveal CVI and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The fellow eyes of unilateral APAC or asymmetric CPACG have higher macular CVI and choroidal thickness than those of the normal controls.Neither CVI nor choroidal thickness can distinguish between eyes predisposed to APAC or CPACG.A thicker choroid with a higher vascular volume may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Computed tomography-based nomogram of Siewert type Ⅱ/Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction to predict response to docetaxel, oxaliplatin and S-1

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has become the standard care for advanced adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG),although a part of the patients cannot benefit from NAC.There are no models based on baseline computed tomography(CT)to predict response of Siewert type II or III AEG to NAC with docetaxel,oxaliplatin and S-1(DOS).AIM To develop a CT-based nomogram to predict response of Siewert type II/III AEG to NAC with DOS.METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients with confirmed Siewert type II/III AEG underwent CT before and after three cycles of NAC with DOS,and were randomly and consecutively assigned to the training cohort(TC)(n=94)and the validation cohort(VC)(n=34).Therapeutic effect was assessed by disease-control rate and progressive disease according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(version 1.1)criteria.Possible prognostic factors associated with responses after DOS treatment including Siewert classification,gross tumor volume(GTV),and cT and cN stages were evaluated using pretherapeutic CT data in addition to sex and age.Univariate and multivariate analyses of CT and clinical features in the TC were performed to determine independent factors associated with response to DOS.A nomogram was established based on independent factors to predict the response.The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated by Concordance index(C-index),calibration and receiver operating characteristics curve in the TC and VC.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that Siewert type(52/55 vs 29/39,P=0.005),pretherapeutic cT stage(57/62 vs 24/32,P=0.028),GTV(47.3±27.4 vs 73.2±54.3,P=0.040)were significantly associated with response to DOS in the TC.Multivariate analysis of the TC also showed that the pretherapeutic cT stage,GTV and Siewert type were independent predictive factors related to response to DOS(odds ratio=4.631,1.027 and 7.639,respectively;all P<0.05).The nomogram developed with these independent factors showed an excellent performance to predict response to DOS in the TC and VC(C-index:0.838 and 0.824),with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.838 and 0.824,respectively.The calibration curves showed that the practical and predicted response to DOS effectively coincided.CONCLUSION A novel nomogram developed with pretherapeutic cT stage,GTV and Siewert type predicted the response of Siewert type II/III AEG to NAC with DOS.

混合策略在水泥窑炉煅烧NO_(x)浓度预测中的应用

NO_(x)体积分数是反映水泥窑炉煅烧过程中氮排放的一个关键环保指标。水泥煅烧过程具有大噪声、大时滞和非线性等复杂特性。为了解决以上难点,提出基于互补集合经验模态分解(Complemementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,CEEMD)、熵原理的互信息(Mutual Information,MI)、最大相关最小冗余算法(Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy,mRMR)和天牛须搜索算法(Beetle Antennae Search,BAS)优化神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network,BPNN)的混合策略,并用于NO_(x)体积分数预测。首先,CEEMD和中值平均滤波用于处理大噪声。同时,利用熵原理的MI和mRMR进行时滞分析和变量选择,解决大时滞问题。其次,利用BAS提高多层前馈(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络的预测能力,并解决非线性工况问题。最后,将该策略进行工业应用。结果显示,在25900个工业测试样本中,两组的均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error,RMSE)和平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)分别仅为0.3024、0.2059和0.2153、0.2013。预测模型结果可指导水泥脱硝操作人员精准喷氨,减少NO_(x)排放并降低氨水用量和氨逃逸情况。

类氦C离子诱发不同金属厚靶原子的K-X射线

利用中国原子能科学研究院HI-13MV串列加速器上提供的动能为15—55 MeV的类氦C离子分别轰击Fe,Ni,Nb和Mo金属厚靶,采用HpGe探测器测量了K-X射线,获得了相应的K-X射线的发射截面.本文中由于各个靶原子外壳层电离度的不同,类氦C离子与Fe,Ni靶原子相互作用发射的K_(β)与K_(α)X射线的分支强度比随入射离子动能增加而减小,而Nb,Mo靶原子发射的K-X射线分支强度比变化不明显.利用厚靶截面公式计算了靶原子K-X射线的发射截面,并与不同的理论模型及质子的结果进行了对比.结果表明随类氦C离子动能的增大,Fe,Ni靶原子发射的K_(β)与K_(α)X射线的总产生截面与考虑多电离的两体碰撞近似修正模型最为符合Nb,Mo靶原子发射的K_(β)与K_(α)X射线的总产生截面与平面波恩近似模型的理论值最为接近.质子与单核子C离子能量相同时,质子比类氦C离子激发不同靶的K-X射线产生截面约小3个数量级.

失活X染色体基因逃逸与系统性红斑狼疮的性别二态性

X染色体失活可平衡女性中两条X染色体的基因剂量。越来越多的证据表明,失活X染色体上存在许多能够逃逸失活的基因。逃逸的机制涉及到DNA、RNA、组蛋白的表观修饰以及众多的调控蛋白和染色质的空间结构。失活X染色体基因逃逸的研究为人类疾病(特别是自身免疫性疾病)性别二态性的研究开辟了新的途径。目前已证实包括TLR7、CD40L、IRAK-1、CXCR3、CXorf21等失活X染色体基因逃逸是系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)女性好发的重要原因。本文主要综述了失活X染色体上基因逃逸以及与SLE性别二态性形成的分子机制。阐明SLE性别二态性形成的分子机制,不仅对疾病的诊断、治疗具有重要意义,而且对深入揭示人类免疫系统的发育及调控机理也有重要的理论意义。

RBMX通过下调PKM2抑制膀胱癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和糖酵解

目的探讨X连锁RNA结合基序蛋白(RBMX)对膀胱癌细胞(1376细胞和UC-3细胞)的增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响以及其在糖酵解中的作用。方法采用慢病毒表达系统和siRNA干扰技术,分别构建RBMX过表达和敲低的膀胱癌细胞模型(1376细胞和UC-3细胞)。采用RT-qPCR和Westernblotting分别在mRNA水平和蛋白水平上检测细胞模型是否构建成功。通过EdU增殖实验和克隆形成实验检测过表达和敲低RBMX后细胞的生长和集落形成能力,同时通过Transwell实验分析过表达和敲低RBMX后对细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响;随后,采用Westernblotting检测过表达和敲低RBMX后糖酵解关键蛋白PKM1(M1型丙酮酸激酶)和PKM2(M2型丙酮酸激酶)的表达变化;最后,利用葡萄糖和乳酸检测试剂盒分析过表达和敲低RBMX对膀胱癌细胞糖酵解的影响。结果RT-qPCR和Westernblotting结果显示,过表达RBMX膀胱癌细胞的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05),敲低RBMX膀胱癌细胞的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.05)。过表达RBMX明显抑制膀胱癌细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭,敲低RBMX则作用相反。Westernblotting实验结果显示,过表达RBMX使PKM1表达上升,PKM2表达下降,敲低RBMX则作用相反。葡萄糖消耗及乳酸生成实验表明,过表达RBMX均能抑制膀胱癌细胞葡萄糖消耗及乳酸生成(P<0.05),敲低RBMX均能促进膀胱癌细胞葡萄糖消耗及乳酸生成(P<0.05)。结论RBMX通过下调PKM2抑制膀胱癌的发生发展和糖酵解能力,有望成为膀胱癌诊断和治疗的潜在分子靶标。

X射线荧光光谱(XRF)法测定喀斯特地区土壤样品中Al_(2)O_(3)、CaO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O、MgO、SiO_(2)含量

为揭示喀斯特地区不同自然环境下土壤的相似性和差异性,为后续喀斯特石漠化治理和植被恢复提供科学依据,利用微晶纤维素作为粘结剂,采用粉末样品压片制样,使用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法建立了同时测定喀斯特地区碳酸盐、硅酸盐土壤样品中关键成分Al_(2)O_(3)、CaO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O、MgO、SiO_(2)含量的方法。从粘结剂对压片效果的影响,粘结剂添加比例对元素含量检测结果的影响,Al_(2)O_(3)、CaO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O、MgO、SiO_(2)的测量参数分析线,分析晶体、基体效应和谱线重叠干扰等方面进行了方法参数确认。根据优化的参数,使用49个土壤标准物质绘制校准曲线建立了检测方法。结果表明,利用新建方法进行Al_(2)O_(3)、CaO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O、MgO、SiO_(2)检测,检出限多在61.0 mg/kg以下,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0~3.7%,同时,利用新建方法对采自喀斯特地区不同类型的土壤样品进行检测,Al_(2)O_(3)、CaO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O、MgO、SiO_(2)均可被检出。方法具有操作简便、快速、准确的优点,可同时检测喀斯特地区碳酸盐、硅酸盐土壤样品中Al_(2)O_(3)、CaO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O、MgO、SiO_(2)含量。

考虑蠕变三阶段的哈氏合金X蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展模拟

结合应变硬化定律和连续损伤力学,提出了一种考虑蠕变3阶段的本构模型,对650℃下的哈氏合金X的CT试样进行了裂纹扩展有限元模拟分析.对比分析了不同蠕变阶段对纯蠕变裂纹扩展的影响,使用考虑蠕变3个阶段的本构模型进行了蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展模拟,讨论了载荷幅值、载荷比和保载时间对裂纹扩展速率的影响,并分析了每种载荷条件对裂纹扩展期间损伤积累的贡献.结果表明:纯蠕变裂纹扩展模拟结果中,考虑所有蠕变阶段的本构模型计算结果与实验结果一致性最高.载荷从5 kN增加到7 kN,考虑蠕变第Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的裂纹扩展速率平均预测差异由0.57增至0.61,考虑蠕变第Ⅱ阶段和考虑蠕变第Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段分别由0.67减至0.64、由0.16减至0.07.蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展模拟结果显示,随着载荷幅值从5 kN增大至7 kN,载荷比从0.01增至0.50,裂纹扩展速率前者增大、后者减小,da/dt-C t,avg曲线斜率基本不变,同时蠕变损伤占比增大,疲劳和交互损伤占比减小,各加载情况结果的蠕变损伤均占主导,其次为交互损伤,疲劳损伤占比最小.随保载时间从1 s增加到1800 s,循环相关的裂纹扩展速率增大,时间相关的扩展速率减小,da/dt-C t,avg曲线斜率增大,蠕变损伤增大,疲劳损伤减小,交互损伤先增后减,保载时间为10 s时各损伤占比近似相等,保载时间为1 s时疲劳损伤为83%,保载时间为600 s时蠕变损伤为96%.

基于迁移学习与残差网络的快递包裹X光图像识别

针对快递包裹违禁物品识别存在种类繁多、依赖人力和X光图像获取难度大等问题,为提高快递包裹违禁物品识别的效率和准确度,本研究提出一种迁移学习与残差网络相结合的快递包裹X光图像识别方法(TL-ResNet18)。首先构建了相似度高的源领域数据集和目标领域数据集;其次,选用ResNet18作为预训练模型,调整初始化参数结构,并将ResNet18学习到的内容作为初始化参数迁移到目标领域,实现快递包裹X光图像分类;最后,将相同数据集作为三种模型的输入并对结果进行对比。实验结果表明,TL-ResNet18模型的局部微调和全局微调的识别准确率分别为93.5%、95.0%,相比于ResNet18模型提高了7%、8.5%,且精确度、召回率和F1值都优于ResNet18模型,该方法性能更优,且不受小型数据集对深层网络训练的限制,有利于快递包裹X光图像识别的智能化发展。

MRI造影和X线造影对先天性肛门直肠畸形合并瘘的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI造影和X线造影对先天性肛门直肠畸形(CARM)合并瘘的诊断价值。方法收集29例在江西省儿童医院就诊并治疗肛门直肠畸形一期造瘘后患儿,对所有患儿同时行MRI造影检查和X线造影检查,分析直肠形态、瘘的有无及瘘的类型,比较2种检查方法对CARM患儿瘘的诊断准确率。结果29例CARM造瘘后患儿在术中探查均有瘘管。在MRI结肠造影结果中,26例见瘘管,显示瘘管的走形及瘘管类型;3例显示不清,为泄殖腔畸形2例及阴道瘘1例。在X线造影结果中,24例显示瘘管;5例未显示瘘管,为尿道前列腺部瘘3例,直肠尿道球部瘘2例,均显示直肠远端呈鸟嘴样改变。X线造影对CARM瘘管诊断准确率为82.75%(24/29),MRI造影诊断准确率为89.7%(26/29),二者比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.706,P=0.353)。结论MRI造影检查可以很好一显示直肠形态、瘘管开口、类型,无放射性伤害,与X线结肠造影检查结果相似,且能提供更详细的肛门直肠解剖,为临床手术方式的选择提供重要的信息。

MRI与X线诊断交感神经型颈椎病的准确率及影像学特征研究

目的:分析MRI与X线诊断交感神经型颈椎病(SCS)的准确率及影像学特征。方法:选定本院2020年1月至2021年1月接诊的60例高度疑似SCS患者,分别给予X线、MRI检查,将试验检查、肌电图检查等综合临床诊断结果作为本次研究金标准,比较X线、MRI诊断准确率、灵敏度、特异度,Kappa检验X线、MRI与金标准的一致性。绘制ROC曲线,分析X线与MRI诊断效能,比较X线、MRI颈椎曲度异常分型检出率。结果:MRI诊断准确率(91.67%)、灵敏度(92.45%)、特异度(85.71%)均高于X线(58.33%、64.15%、14.29%)(P<0.05)。Kappa检验X线与金标准的一致性一般(Kappa值=0.586),MRI与金标准的一致性较好(Kappa值=0.785)(P<0.05)。X线颈椎曲度反弓(8.33%)、减小(21.67%)、S型(8.33%)检出率与MRI(20.00%、30.00%、20.00%)比较(P>0.05);X线颈椎曲度增大(28.33%)、垂直(33.33%)检出率高于MRI(13.33%、16.67%)(P<0.05)。结论:MRI可提高SCS诊断准确率、灵敏度及特异度,还可提供椎间盘突出或膨出、横突孔狭窄、侧隐窝狭窄、后纵韧带增厚、黄韧带增厚、脊髓水肿或变性等影像学征象,临床价值较高。但X线在颈椎曲度增大、垂直方面的检出率高于MRI,临床医生在具体诊断过程中,应结合患者实际情况针对性地选择诊断方法。

乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的危险因素及行X线摄影与CT检查的诊断效能分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的危险因素及X线与CT检查的诊断效能比较。方法:选取2021年1月至2023年5月在我院治疗的乳腺癌患者112例,分析发生和未发生腋窝淋巴结转移患者临床资料差异;同时分析X线、CT检查诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的价值。结果:112例患者中,腋窝淋巴结转移患者32例,腋窝淋巴结转移率为28.57%;发生腋窝淋巴结转移患者组织低分化比例、组织类型为浸润性癌比例、有脉管浸润比例、肿瘤直径≥5cm比例、组织Ki-67表达≥14%比例分别为68.75%、90.63%、28.13%、31.25%和84.38%,明显高于未发生腋窝淋巴结转移患者(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示:分化程度、病灶组织类型、脉管浸润、Ki-67表达是乳腺癌患者发生腋窝淋巴结转移的影响因素(P<0.05);X线诊断腋窝淋巴结转移与病理结果一致性Kappa值为0.500,P<0.05,一致性较差;CT诊断腋窝淋巴结转移与病理结果一致性Kappa值为0.825,P<0.05,一致性较好;CT诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的准确性、灵敏性和阴性预测值分别为92.86%、87.50%和95.00%,明显高于X线检查(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移受分化程度、病灶组织类型、脉管浸润、Ki-67表达的影响;相较于X线,CT诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的价值较高。

X形软钢阻尼器延性断裂的试验研究与数值模拟

为了研究X形软钢阻尼器在大变形状态下的耗能性能和损伤演化规律,设计了6组试件进行单向和循环荷载作用下延性断裂的试验研究,分析了软钢阻尼器的破坏过程和滞回曲线。采用Lemaitre-Chaboche混合强化模型,分别对各工况下包含与不包含基于应力三轴度的钢材微观损伤模型的软钢阻尼器进行了精细的有限元模拟。对比有限元模拟结果和试验结果,分析结果表明,颈部为X形耗能软钢阻尼器的薄弱位置,最容易发生集中损伤甚至破坏。考虑钢材损伤准则的有限元模拟的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果更加吻合,能够表征软钢阻尼器的承载力与刚度退化现象,并能较为准确地预测软钢阻尼器的损伤演化过程和断裂破坏位置。

塔里木盆地顺北地区顺北84X井超千米含油气重大发现及其意义

塔里木盆地顺北中部北东向走滑断裂带长期处于油气运聚富集的优势区,顺北8号走滑断裂带实钻揭示沿断裂带发育断控缝洞型油气藏,顺北84X井纵向上沿断裂带含油气高度高达1088 m,揭示断控缝洞型油气藏含油气高度大、不受现今构造高低控制。为查明断控缝洞型油气藏含油气高度的主控因素,立足顺北中部奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏的成藏地质条件和钻探成果,开展顺北84X井的储层、圈闭及成藏特征等石油地质条件分析,为深化断控缝洞型油气藏认识和向深层评价拓展提供支撑。研究表明:①走滑构造破碎是致密碳酸盐岩成储的关键,其储层发育深度不受碳酸盐岩地层埋深的控制,在近9000 m的埋深条件下仍发育断控缝洞型储集体;②上覆巨厚泥岩盖层顶封、两侧致密灰岩侧封、走滑断裂平面分段和纵向分层变形是形成断控缝洞型圈闭的关键;③油-源对比分析表明油气来自寒武系玉尔吐斯组烃源岩,证实了前期顺北中、东部“寒武多期供烃、构造破裂成储、原地垂向输导、晚期成藏为主、走滑断裂控富”的成藏模式的合理性。顺北84X井的发现揭示塔里木盆地超深层致密碳酸盐岩发育受走滑断裂控制,储层纵向深度大,油气充注足,超深层勘探潜力巨大。

一种新的术中X线与术前CT图像配准方法

目的本研究旨在配准胸主动脉血管内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)术中X线与术前CT图像,为TEVAR支架植入提供精确安全的导航。然而,现有配准算法存在无法有效弥合投影CT图像生成的数字重建影像(digitally reconstructed radiography,DRR)与X线图像之间的域间差异和难以获得图像分割标签的问题。因此,需要提出新的方法来改善这一问题。方法本文提出了一种新的配准框架,该框架结合了基于生成对抗网络(generative adversarial network,GAN)的域自适应网络和基于Transformer的配准网络。基于GAN的域自适应网络将X线图像的风格迁移到DRR图像上,使两者在图像风格上更接近。基于Transformer的配准网络采用CNN与跨模态变换器(cross-modality transformer,CMT)相结合的模式,直接配准X线与CT图像,无需进行图像分割。结果本文在208对标定的TEVAR术中X线与CT图像对上对新的配准方法进行了验证。与其他域适应方法相比,本文所采用的CycleGAN网络作为风格转换模块,有效减小了DRR图像与X线图像之间的域间差异。消融实验结果进一步证实,配准网络中的全局局部感知模块(global-local perception module,GLPM)对提高配准精度具有明显作用,而空间缩减(spatial reduction,SR)则有效缩短了配准时间。通过对比现有方法和本文方法在真实患者X线与CT图像对上的配准效果,本文的方法在配准精度和成功率方面均表现出最佳性能。结论本文提出的新的X线与CT图像配准方法有效克服了现有方法存在的域间差异以及难以获得分割标签的问题。

Ga_(2-x)Fe_(x)O_(3) 单相多铁性及室温磁电耦合效应的研究进展

在单相多铁材料中,利用电场代替磁场来可逆控制磁性这一手段是实现下一代高密度、低功耗磁电多功能器件的理想方法。然而,目前所发现的单相多铁材料大多数都表现出了弱的室温铁电性、铁磁性或者低于室温的磁电工作温度,这严重限制了其在实际生产中的应用。近年来的研究发现,具有强磁电(ME)耦合的第Ⅱ类室温单相多铁Ga_(2-x)Fe_(x)O_(3),其剩余铁电极化强度(Pr)和饱和磁化强度(Ms)在最优的条件下分别可以达到25μC/cm^(2)和1.2μB/f.u.,因而是一种极有可能同时解决上述问题的新型替代材料。首先介绍了单相多铁材料的研究现状以及潜在的应用;然后总结了Ga_(2-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)材料单相多铁性和ME耦合效应的研究历程;最后,围绕Ga_(2-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)未来面临的关键科学问题和挑战进行了详细讨论。