Based on the research content and conception of dynamics of tectonic ore-forming processes, with the focus on the dynamics and processes of mineral source, ore formation, transport, accumulation, dissipation and miner...Based on the research content and conception of dynamics of tectonic ore-forming processes, with the focus on the dynamics and processes of mineral source, ore formation, transport, accumulation, dissipation and mineralization in response to magmatic invasion and metallogenic fluid under tectonic stress, this paper deals with the ore-finding method of fault tectono-geochemistry and its application on the basis of ore deposit genesis, "giant pressure shadow" structure and ore-finding method of tectonic stress field in the Tongchang orefield, expounds the rules of magmatic emplacement and ore fluid migration and concentration under the control of the structural stress field, hence providing the theoretical basis for the localization and prognosis of concealed ores. The fault tectono-geochemical features show that the Cu-Au polymetallic ore deposits (mineralization) in the orefield are closely related with volcano-(exhalation) sedimentation, magmatism and tectono-reworking. Fault tectono-geochemical anomalies can be applied to prognosis of metallogenetic target areas for ore exploration and can provide strong evidence of "giant pressure shadow" structure. In addition, quite a number of important target areas have been defined in combination with the characteristics of the tectonic stress field, and part of the target areas have been proved by practical activities.展开更多
The Tongchang orefield is located in the central part of the Mianxian-Lueyang-Yangpingguan area that is celebrated as a 'gold triangle' area,at the juncture of the latitudinal tectonic zone of South Qinling,th...The Tongchang orefield is located in the central part of the Mianxian-Lueyang-Yangpingguan area that is celebrated as a 'gold triangle' area,at the juncture of the latitudinal tectonic zone of South Qinling,the Longmenshan Cathysian tectonic zone and the Sichuan-Yunnan longitudinal tectonic zone,where there are distributed Cu-Au polymetallic ore deposits(occurrences) including the Tongchang,Chenjiaba,Qinjiabian,Hongtushi,Yinshangou and Xiakouyi ore deposits(mineralization).Based on the "giant pressure shadow" structure put forward and demonstrated by numerical modeling of the tectonic stress field and the static photoelasticity experiments on the basis of tectonic ore-controlling laws in the orefield,tectonic metallogenesis driven by orefield tectonic stress has been discussed in terms of its geological setting,orefield geomechanics,and tectonic stress field.It is thought that the dynamic evolution model of the tectonic stress field controls the whole process of formation of the polymetallic ore deposits(mineralization) in the orefield,as well as the deformation field.As a result,it controls the emplacement of rockbodies and the transformation of ore-source bodies,and provides both the channel-ways for ore-forming fluids and ore-hosting space.Furthermore,it controls the migration potential field of fluids and,thereafter,its flow direction,rate and volume;the tectonic stress field also controls the energy field and hence controls the position of occurrence of ore deposits and their scale.The method of tectonic stress field has been applied to ore prognosis in the orefield.The rules of magmatic emplacement and metallogenic fluid migrating and concentrating under the control of the structural stress field were expounded,hence providing the theoretical basis for the prognosis of concealed ores.In addition,a number of important target areas have been defined.展开更多
德兴铜矿是中国东部大陆环境最具代表性的大型斑岩铜矿,由朱砂红、铜厂及富家坞三大矿床组成,其中的铜厂矿体以富金而别具特色。在前人研究基础上,本文通过系统的野外观测、详细的岩芯编录和全面的岩相学研究,厘定了铜厂矿床的脉体类型...德兴铜矿是中国东部大陆环境最具代表性的大型斑岩铜矿,由朱砂红、铜厂及富家坞三大矿床组成,其中的铜厂矿体以富金而别具特色。在前人研究基础上,本文通过系统的野外观测、详细的岩芯编录和全面的岩相学研究,厘定了铜厂矿床的脉体类型和形成顺序,系统地开展了各类脉体的流体包裹体研究,查明了成矿流体的演化过程,再塑了岩浆-热液矿化过程。初步识别出德兴矿床3组脉体类型,分别记录了三个不同阶段的蚀变-成矿过程:早期A脉分为4类,形成于成矿早期斑岩尚未固结时,伴有大规模的钾化和黑云母化甚至磁铁矿化;中期B脉可分为7类,形成于斑岩体固结后的大规模裂隙事件发育期,B脉石英呈梳状对称生长、黄铁矿以中心线生长;后期D脉共有3类,发育于成矿晚期,系雨水大量加入和硫化物大量淀积产物。观察发现,所有A、B及D脉沉淀过程中,均伴随大量的岩浆流体出溶、热液蚀变、流体挥发等热液活动、各脉均捕获了同体系内富含的热液流体。详细显微镜鉴定表明,各类脉体的脉石矿物石英内发育的大部分包裹体与世界典型斑岩铜矿床的矿化特征相似,从成矿早期A脉到成矿晚期D脉包裹体的类型发生如下变化:早期以LVH(含单子晶或多子晶包裹体发育,包裹体中还见有金属硫化物)+富气相包裹体为主→中期以含单子晶包裹体+富气相包裹体为主,以及含有少量富液相包裹体→成矿晚期,以富液相包裹体+少量富气相包裹体。包裹体显微测温结果总体上指示了温度、压力及热液成分在各类脉体的形成过程的变化规律,从早期到晚期温度和盐度逐渐降低,热液成矿作用明显经历三个阶段:早期岩浆未完全固结,温度达到800～600℃以上,压力较高(140～50MPa),发生强烈的钾硅酸盐化;中期,由于岩浆冷凝结晶,岩体顶部围岩裂隙发育,静岩压力向静水压力发生转换,温度下降到450～550℃,压力陡然从55～40MPa下降至20MPa(B脉);而D脉形成时,发生大规模绿泥石-水云母化,温度下降至350～375℃,压力完全降低至20MPa以下;最后,与成矿作用无关的热液活动了两次,峰值温度分别是320～300℃和180～200℃,形成了无矿碳酸盐脉、石英脉及黑云母。在成矿过程中,成矿热液也从形成A/B脉时以岩浆热液为主,转变为形成D脉时以雨水、地下水为主。与世界典型斑岩型铜矿床相比,德兴斑岩铜矿床的蚀变-矿化系统基本一致,都由强硅酸盐蚀变带——青磐岩蚀变带——泥岩蚀变带等构成,在不同的蚀变阶段形成了具有特色的不规则形状A脉、脉石矿物梳状对称的B脉及粗颗粒大脉型D脉。德兴铜厂铜金矿各成矿阶段内主要成矿流体特征及其演化过程基本类似于世界典型斑岩矿床。但是,也存在不同之处,在铜厂铜金矿的A、B及D脉都发育了少量CO2包裹体,表明德兴铜厂成矿过程中CO2参与成矿作用,世界其它斑岩型矿床或没有报道发育CO2包裹体(杨志明等,2008),或者仅在其中某个阶段发现了少量CO2包裹体(Harris et al.,2004)。CO2包裹体参与成矿是否有特殊指示意义,须进一步的工作才能得出正确的结论。展开更多
结合岩体产出环境、时代及其与碧口火山岩的关系,认为铜厂石英闪长岩体是由碧口火山岩的局部熔融作用形成的。铜厂铜矿硫化物Pb 同位素特征显示出以浅源的地壳铅为主,并与碧口火山岩铅同位素组成的壳源端员重合,指示矿质与碧口火山岩之...结合岩体产出环境、时代及其与碧口火山岩的关系,认为铜厂石英闪长岩体是由碧口火山岩的局部熔融作用形成的。铜厂铜矿硫化物Pb 同位素特征显示出以浅源的地壳铅为主,并与碧口火山岩铅同位素组成的壳源端员重合,指示矿质与碧口火山岩之间存在密切关系。由于岩体与火山岩的同源性,所以脉状铜矿石既可能来自岩体也可能来自围岩。脉状硫化物Rb-Sr等时线年龄为199 Ma 左右,对应的初始Sr同位素表现出明显的富放射性特征,说明有岩体以外的物质加入,即改造成矿的特征。展开更多
基金This research project was granted jointly by the Funds for Program for NSF (40863002)NCET in University (NCET-04-917)the Project for the Distinguishing Discipline of KUST (2008)
文摘Based on the research content and conception of dynamics of tectonic ore-forming processes, with the focus on the dynamics and processes of mineral source, ore formation, transport, accumulation, dissipation and mineralization in response to magmatic invasion and metallogenic fluid under tectonic stress, this paper deals with the ore-finding method of fault tectono-geochemistry and its application on the basis of ore deposit genesis, "giant pressure shadow" structure and ore-finding method of tectonic stress field in the Tongchang orefield, expounds the rules of magmatic emplacement and ore fluid migration and concentration under the control of the structural stress field, hence providing the theoretical basis for the localization and prognosis of concealed ores. The fault tectono-geochemical features show that the Cu-Au polymetallic ore deposits (mineralization) in the orefield are closely related with volcano-(exhalation) sedimentation, magmatism and tectono-reworking. Fault tectono-geochemical anomalies can be applied to prognosis of metallogenetic target areas for ore exploration and can provide strong evidence of "giant pressure shadow" structure. In addition, quite a number of important target areas have been defined in combination with the characteristics of the tectonic stress field, and part of the target areas have been proved by practical activities.
基金Granted jointly by the Funds for Program for NCET in University (NCET-04-917)NSF (40863002)Project for the Distinguishing Discipline of KUST (2008)
文摘The Tongchang orefield is located in the central part of the Mianxian-Lueyang-Yangpingguan area that is celebrated as a 'gold triangle' area,at the juncture of the latitudinal tectonic zone of South Qinling,the Longmenshan Cathysian tectonic zone and the Sichuan-Yunnan longitudinal tectonic zone,where there are distributed Cu-Au polymetallic ore deposits(occurrences) including the Tongchang,Chenjiaba,Qinjiabian,Hongtushi,Yinshangou and Xiakouyi ore deposits(mineralization).Based on the "giant pressure shadow" structure put forward and demonstrated by numerical modeling of the tectonic stress field and the static photoelasticity experiments on the basis of tectonic ore-controlling laws in the orefield,tectonic metallogenesis driven by orefield tectonic stress has been discussed in terms of its geological setting,orefield geomechanics,and tectonic stress field.It is thought that the dynamic evolution model of the tectonic stress field controls the whole process of formation of the polymetallic ore deposits(mineralization) in the orefield,as well as the deformation field.As a result,it controls the emplacement of rockbodies and the transformation of ore-source bodies,and provides both the channel-ways for ore-forming fluids and ore-hosting space.Furthermore,it controls the migration potential field of fluids and,thereafter,its flow direction,rate and volume;the tectonic stress field also controls the energy field and hence controls the position of occurrence of ore deposits and their scale.The method of tectonic stress field has been applied to ore prognosis in the orefield.The rules of magmatic emplacement and metallogenic fluid migrating and concentrating under the control of the structural stress field were expounded,hence providing the theoretical basis for the prognosis of concealed ores.In addition,a number of important target areas have been defined.
文摘德兴铜矿是中国东部大陆环境最具代表性的大型斑岩铜矿,由朱砂红、铜厂及富家坞三大矿床组成,其中的铜厂矿体以富金而别具特色。在前人研究基础上,本文通过系统的野外观测、详细的岩芯编录和全面的岩相学研究,厘定了铜厂矿床的脉体类型和形成顺序,系统地开展了各类脉体的流体包裹体研究,查明了成矿流体的演化过程,再塑了岩浆-热液矿化过程。初步识别出德兴矿床3组脉体类型,分别记录了三个不同阶段的蚀变-成矿过程:早期A脉分为4类,形成于成矿早期斑岩尚未固结时,伴有大规模的钾化和黑云母化甚至磁铁矿化;中期B脉可分为7类,形成于斑岩体固结后的大规模裂隙事件发育期,B脉石英呈梳状对称生长、黄铁矿以中心线生长;后期D脉共有3类,发育于成矿晚期,系雨水大量加入和硫化物大量淀积产物。观察发现,所有A、B及D脉沉淀过程中,均伴随大量的岩浆流体出溶、热液蚀变、流体挥发等热液活动、各脉均捕获了同体系内富含的热液流体。详细显微镜鉴定表明,各类脉体的脉石矿物石英内发育的大部分包裹体与世界典型斑岩铜矿床的矿化特征相似,从成矿早期A脉到成矿晚期D脉包裹体的类型发生如下变化:早期以LVH(含单子晶或多子晶包裹体发育,包裹体中还见有金属硫化物)+富气相包裹体为主→中期以含单子晶包裹体+富气相包裹体为主,以及含有少量富液相包裹体→成矿晚期,以富液相包裹体+少量富气相包裹体。包裹体显微测温结果总体上指示了温度、压力及热液成分在各类脉体的形成过程的变化规律,从早期到晚期温度和盐度逐渐降低,热液成矿作用明显经历三个阶段:早期岩浆未完全固结,温度达到800～600℃以上,压力较高(140～50MPa),发生强烈的钾硅酸盐化;中期,由于岩浆冷凝结晶,岩体顶部围岩裂隙发育,静岩压力向静水压力发生转换,温度下降到450～550℃,压力陡然从55～40MPa下降至20MPa(B脉);而D脉形成时,发生大规模绿泥石-水云母化,温度下降至350～375℃,压力完全降低至20MPa以下;最后,与成矿作用无关的热液活动了两次,峰值温度分别是320～300℃和180～200℃,形成了无矿碳酸盐脉、石英脉及黑云母。在成矿过程中,成矿热液也从形成A/B脉时以岩浆热液为主,转变为形成D脉时以雨水、地下水为主。与世界典型斑岩型铜矿床相比,德兴斑岩铜矿床的蚀变-矿化系统基本一致,都由强硅酸盐蚀变带——青磐岩蚀变带——泥岩蚀变带等构成,在不同的蚀变阶段形成了具有特色的不规则形状A脉、脉石矿物梳状对称的B脉及粗颗粒大脉型D脉。德兴铜厂铜金矿各成矿阶段内主要成矿流体特征及其演化过程基本类似于世界典型斑岩矿床。但是,也存在不同之处,在铜厂铜金矿的A、B及D脉都发育了少量CO2包裹体,表明德兴铜厂成矿过程中CO2参与成矿作用,世界其它斑岩型矿床或没有报道发育CO2包裹体(杨志明等,2008),或者仅在其中某个阶段发现了少量CO2包裹体(Harris et al.,2004)。CO2包裹体参与成矿是否有特殊指示意义,须进一步的工作才能得出正确的结论。
文摘结合岩体产出环境、时代及其与碧口火山岩的关系,认为铜厂石英闪长岩体是由碧口火山岩的局部熔融作用形成的。铜厂铜矿硫化物Pb 同位素特征显示出以浅源的地壳铅为主,并与碧口火山岩铅同位素组成的壳源端员重合,指示矿质与碧口火山岩之间存在密切关系。由于岩体与火山岩的同源性,所以脉状铜矿石既可能来自岩体也可能来自围岩。脉状硫化物Rb-Sr等时线年龄为199 Ma 左右,对应的初始Sr同位素表现出明显的富放射性特征,说明有岩体以外的物质加入,即改造成矿的特征。
