SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Xiaotongguanshan and Shatanjiao Intrusions and Its Petrological Implications in the Tongling Area, Anhui

This paper determines the crystallization ages of the Xiaotongguanshan quartz monzodiorite and Shatanjiao quartz monzonitc porphyry from the Tongling area using the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb method. The crystallization age of the former is 142.8±1.8 Ma; that of the latter is 151.8±2.6 Ma. These data indicate that they were formed during the Late Jurassic （142.8 to 151.8 Ma）. Zoned magma chamber was formed because of double diffusive convection. Therefore, the intrusive sequence of magma is generally from quartz monzonite through quartz monzodiorite to pyroxene monzodiorite, i.e. an inverted sequence.

Underplating of Mesozoic Mantle-derived Magmas in Tongling, Anhui Province: Evidence from Megacrysts and Xenoliths

Lithological observations and mineralogical analyses on pyroxene and hornblende megacrysts and pyroxene and hornblende cumulates in xenoliths in the Mesozoic plutons of the Tongling region, Anhui Province, provide evidence for the magmatic underplating of mantle-derived alkali-olivine basalt at circa 140 Ma. The pyroxene and hornblende megacrysts and cumulates were formed through the AFC process at depths ranging from 27 to 35 km.

Genetic Types and Metallogenic Model for the Polymetallic Copper–Gold Deposits in the Tongling Ore District, Anhui Province, Eastern China

The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere.

Study of the Emplacement Mechanism of the Fenghuangshan Granite Pluton and Related Cu-Au Mineralization in Tongling, Anhui Province

The Fenghuangshan Pluton is located in the Tongling polymineral-cluster district in the middle-lower section of the Yangtze metallogenic belt. In tectonic terms, it is in the middle of the Guichi-Fanchang faulted fold bundle of the lower Yangtze Platform fold belt between the Dabie Orogenic Belt and the Jiangnan Massif. Analyses of the structural deformation characteristics of both the contact zone and the interior of the pluton are used to explain its emplacement mechanism. The foliation and lineation of the pluton, consisting of the oriented distribution of dark minerals and xenoliths, mainly concentrate along the margin of the pluton. Toward the center of the pluton, the foliation structure becomes weak, showing intense compression formation at the margin, and reflecting the conformable intrusion of the pluton. The relatively gentle lineation is evidence of a rotatory emplacement mechanism. Relatively steep marginal foliation reflects compression expanding. Affected by the thermal power of the pluton, the metamorphism of the contact zone has zonation. Both the strike of the axial plane of fold at the contact zone and that of the flow cleavage of the ductile shear zone are consistent with the boundary of the pluton, which reflects the speciality of conformable intrusion. The hinges of the folds are mostly inclined and erect, reflecting both the rotation of the pluton and its upward spiraling emplacement mechanism. Boudins developed in both the contact zone and the steep strata indicate the emplacement characteristic of the ballon expanding. The surrounding rock of the contact zone shortens horizontally. The average percentage of shortening is 39.7%, which further proves the mechanism of the pluton expanding, and the space occupied by the active expanding intrusion was provided by the shortening of the surrounding rock. The left-lateral shear shown by the ductile shear zone and the rheomorphic fold reveals that the pluton emplacement and the deformation of surrounding rock are controlled by a NNE-striking left-lateral shear stress field. These characteristics of pluton structures provide a mechanism of emplacement. In the deep, the pluton apirally rose left lateral, and in the shallow, the one forcefully emplaced balloningly.

Contrast in Fluid M etallogeny between the Tianmashan Au-S Deposit and the Datuanshan Cu Deposit in Tongling,Anhui Province

A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion

Lower Triassic Inorganic Carbon Isotope Excursion in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China

This paper reports a Lower Triassic inorganic carbon isotope profile from the North Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China, which was situated in a deep part of the Lower Yangtze carbonate ramp. The δ ( 13 C) excursion shows two periods from the Permian Triassic boundary to the lower Spathian substage, corresponding to the ecosystem undergoing evolution and recovery after the end Permian mass extinction and related events. The first period starts at the δ ( 13 C) depletion caused by the mass extinction and evolves with a gradual δ ( 13 C) increase resulting from the development of some disaster taxa during the Induan. The strong Smithian δ ( 13 C) depletion in the second period might be formed by the collapse of the disaster ecosystem and the biotic recovery occurred with the explosive increase of bioproductivity in the Spathian. Thus the δ ( 13 C) excursion in the Lower Triassic expresses patterns of biotic evolution and recovery during the erratic ecosystem that followed the great end Permian mass extinction.

Multifractal Analysis of Element Distribution in Skarn-type Deposits in the Shizishan Orefield,Tongling Area,Anhui Province,China

A series of element concentrations sampled from four drill cores with a length about 1000 m into different skarn-type deposits were selected from the Shizishan orefield, central Tongling, southeastern part of Anhui Province. Using the multifractal method, the distribution and migration characteristics of the major and trace elements are analyzed. The multifractal spectrum of the major elements is left-skewed, whereas the spectrum of the trace elements is right-skewed, which shows that in the process of skarn formation, the trace elements were enriched only locally, and major elements transported within a much larger range. The correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters Aa （width of the multifractal spectrum） of the four drill cores are relatively low, but the correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters R （spectrum symmetry parameter） and Af are relatively higher, indicating that although the non-homogeneous intensity of the distribution of elements is inconsistent, their spatial accumulation patterns are almost the same during the ore-forming process. The statistics of the mnltifractal parameters of various elements in the different locations show that the ore-forming processes and element migration pattern in the Shizishan orefield are consistent, and that the migrations of trace elements and major elements exhibit some differences.

Discussion on Induan-Olenekian Boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China

This paper proposes a scheme for the definition of the Lower Triassic Induan Olenekian boundary (IOB) based on investigation of sections in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China as well as data accumulated from other studies elsewhere. The conodont Neospathodus waageni is suggested as the index fossil of the boundary. According to the FAD of N. waageni , the IOB is at the base of bed 25 2 of the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, 42.19 m above the Permian Triassic boundary, and it is slightly higher than the base of the Flemingites Euflemingites Ammonoid Zone at the section.

Lead Isotope Studies of Massive Surphur-Iron-Gold Deposits in the Tongling Area, Anhui Province

Pb isotope ratios and their variation have been measured and explained on ores of massive S-Fe-Au depos-its hosted in the Middle-Upper Carboniferous, on feldspars from diorite bodies closely related tomineralization and on whole rocks from ore-hosting strata (carbonate rocks) in the Tongling area, Anhui Prov-ince. Through a comparison of Pb isotope features of these geological bodies, it has been suggested that oresubstances of the deposits were derived from ore-hosting strata. In the meanwhile, the measurement of ore Pbisotopes of different mineralization types of the same deposit indicates that different mineralization types havedistinct Pb isotope characteristics, showing the potentiality of the Pb isotopic method used in mineral explora-tion.

Cyclostratigraphy of the Induan (Early Triassic) in West Pingdingshan Section,Chaohu,Anhui Province

The Induan sequence in the West Pingdingshan Section, Chaohu, Anhui Province, displays a series of superimposed mudstone/limestone cycles. The lithological character of the cycles, combined with power spectral and wavelet analysis of magnetic susceptibility readings, reveals 12 short eccentricity and 56 precession Milankovitch cycles - obliquity cycles are not apparent. The uniformity of cycle thicknesses indicates a stable depositional setting making this section ideal to perform various geo-logical studies. Accordingly, the Induan Stage is estimated to have lasted 1.1 Ma, and the depositional rate for this part of the section is about 3.7 cm/ka. This places the Induan-Olenekian boundary in the West Pingdingshan Section at about 251.5 Ma based on an age of 252.6 Ma for the Permian-Triassic boundary.

Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China

Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area.

Lower Triassic Smithian-Spathian Boundary at West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu,Anhui Province

The West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, Anhui Province, has been extensively studied in recent years and become one of the classic Lower Triassic sequences well-clarified in multiple stratigraphies. Also it is an important section that defines the Smithian-Spathian (S-S) boundary within the Olenekian Stage. The S-S boundary strata at the section are restudied in high-resolution conodont biostratigraphy and carbon isotopes. The refined S-S boundary defined by the FAD of conodont Neospathodus pingdingshanensis is at 30 cm above the base of Bed 52, corresponding to a rapid diversification of conodonts. A sharp positive shift of δ13Ccarb curve co-occurs at the S-S boundary and it can be used as a key reference to define the boundary. The defined S-S boundary position and carbon isotopes curve can be well correlated globally.

Chemical and stable isotopic geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluid of the Shizishan copper and gold ore-field,Tongling,China

Shizishan ore-field is a nonferrous and noble metal ore-field which is most rich in copper and gold.There are many types of fluid inclusions in minerals of the deposits.The homogeneous temperatures and the salinities of the fluid inclusions in main mineralization stages have wide ranges,while the different types of the fluid inclusions existed together and their homogeneous temperatures are almost identical in the same mineralization stage,which indicates that the ore-forming process has great relation with the fluid boiling.The gas and liquid chemical compositions and the carbon,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of copper-gold deposits have the same characteristics and evolution tendency,which reflects that the ore-forming material mainly came from the magmatism.The stratigraphic component and the meteoric water may mix in ore- forming fluids in the later mineralization stages.Furthermore,with the fall of the ore-forming temperature the ratios of water and rock decreased.The characteristics of chemical composition and carbon isotopic composition of fluid inclusions indicate that CH4 may play an important role for separating copper and gold in the ore-forming process.

铜陵矿集区上石炭统碳酸盐岩矿物学与地球化学的区域对比研究

通过对安徽铜陵和巢湖上石炭统黄龙—船山组剖面碳酸盐岩矿物学和微量元素进行对比研究,结果表明:铜陵黄龙组底部为一套含草莓黄铁矿的白云岩,中、下部和船山组均是灰岩,矿物组合为:黄龙组底部的白云石+高岭石+黄铁矿+石英(黄龙组底部)→方解石+高岭石+石英(黄龙组中下部)→方解石+伊利石+石英(黄龙组上部和船山组)。而巢湖黄龙—船山组碳酸盐岩为一套含高岭石、石英的灰岩,但从黄龙组底部至船山组顶部剖面中高岭石有增加趋势。微量元素显示,铜陵黄龙—船山组碳酸盐(特别是黄龙组底部白云岩)的V/Cr、Ni/Co、V/Sc比值显著高于巢湖,且Ce与Fe、Mn的无相关性,显著不同于巢湖碳酸盐的正相关特征。矿物学和地球化学特征表明,铜陵黄龙组底部碳酸盐沉积于偏还原的环境,黄龙组中上部和船山组碳酸盐沉积于相对贫氧的环境,而巢湖碳酸盐则形成于更加氧化的环境。结合前人研究成果认为,早石炭世铜陵古岛的存在可能是导致铜陵沉积环境有别于巢湖的主要原因,该沉积环境为铜陵地区胶状黄铁矿形成的有利地质条件。

铜陵天马山硫金矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及矿石硫同位素地球化学研究

天马山硫金矿是铜陵矿集区典型的层控热液叠加改造型矿床,层状矿体中发育大量的矽卡岩矿物。为查明该矿床中矽卡岩矿物的类型及形成环境,探讨矽卡岩与硫、金成矿之间的关系,对主要的矽卡岩矿物开展了矿物学及矿物化学研究,并对矿石进行了硫同位素地球化学研究。研究表明:矿区内的矽卡岩矿物以石榴子石和辉石为主,其中石榴子石以钙铁榴石为主,属于钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石固熔体系列(Gro 0~18.73 And 80.54~99.00 Spe+Pyr+Alm 0.54~1.47);辉石以透辉石为主,其次为钙铁辉石,属于透辉石-钙铁辉石系列(Di 62.35~97.65 Hd 1.89~36.27 Jo 0.31~1.55)。天马山硫金矿的矿物组合(钙铁辉石+透辉石)属于氧化型矽卡岩,表明矽卡岩形成于相对高温和高氧逸度的条件。石榴子石和辉石端元组分特征及辉石Mn/Fe值(0.02~0.07)具有典型的矽卡岩型铜、金矿床特征。矿石硫同位素具有岩浆源的特征,与区内燕山期岩浆-成矿作用形成的矿石一致,而明显区别于喷流-沉积作用形成的矿石,显示成矿作用与燕山期岩浆活动具有密切的成因联系。燕山期中酸性岩浆交代碳酸盐岩围岩形成大量矽卡岩,矽卡岩矿物的形成增加了岩石的孔隙度和渗透率,为晚期硫、金矿床的形成提供了有利条件。

2021年巢湖市优质稻新品种展示试验

为了筛选出适合在巢湖市推广的优质水稻新品种、进一步加快全市优质水稻的推广步伐、优化水稻生产的布局,特于2021年选择了15个优质水稻新品种在巢湖市中垾镇进行了展示试验。结果表明:源两优600、丰两优香一号、N两优1998这3个品种表现优异,其产量均在10000 kg/hm2以上,米质达到2级,生育期适中,在巢湖地区可作优质稻大面积推广种植。另外,又香优龙丝苗、荃香优美占、隆两优899由于米质优异可作小面积优质稻订单生产,其他品种有待继续展示示范。

铜陵市林家冲老硐地质特征及其找矿意义

铜陵市林家冲老硐中的金矿化脉产于石英闪长斑岩中,位于辉石闪长岩的外接触带;围岩蚀变和金的矿化严格受曹家冲断裂带的次级断裂控制,与金矿化相关的热液蚀变有黄铁绢英岩化、硅化和黄铁矿化;金矿化类型为石英-黄铁矿脉型。林家冲老硐附近的迪龙冲金矿亦产于石英斑岩中,但在控矿构造特征和金矿化类型方面二者具有一定差异。研究认为,不同的控矿构造中均可以出现蚀变和多矿化,但矿化类型和矿化规模可有区别;舒家店地区的3个岩体(石英闪长斑岩、辉石闪长岩和石英二长闪长岩)均为铜、金矿的成矿岩体和赋矿岩石;舒家店地区的铜矿化和金矿化是同期不同矿化阶段的关系,斑岩型铜(金)矿床位于热液活动的中心部位(与辉石闪长岩范围相当),而脉状金矿床(点)则产于热液活动中心周边的岩体或地层中,受断裂(裂隙)的控制,这一特点与斑岩矿床的分带规律是一致的。

安徽铜陵矿集区硅质岩成因及意义

铜陵地区二叠系栖霞组到大隆组(P_1q—P_2d)各层位中硅质岩分布广泛。通过野外地质填图过程中的详细观察和硅质岩常量元素、稀土元素和微量元素的分析,结果表明,这些硅质岩是热水活动间歇式、多次活动的结果。硅质岩构成铜陵地区二叠系主要的矿(源)层或矿胚层(Protore)之一。硅质岩具有低 Fe_2O_3/FeO、SiO_2/Al_2O_3、SiO_2/(K_2O+Na_2O)、SiO_2/MgO、MnO_2/TiO_2 值;低 Co高 Ni,Co/Ni<1,U/Th>1;低 ∑REE,负 Ce异常,重稀土相对富集等热水沉积物的特征,为热水沉积的结果。氧同位素估算的热水古温度为49～249℃(高温部分有后期岩浆的叠加扰动)。硅质岩是铜陵地区二叠系层控矿床的重要找矿标志,对于隐伏矿床的寻找和矿产预测具有重要意义。

铜陵冬瓜山铜矿成矿流体特征和演化

本文通过对安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床内石英闪长斑岩中石英斑晶和夕卡岩矿物中流体包裹体显微测温及流体氢、氧同位素的研究认为 ,早期夕卡岩的形成可能涉及到高温岩浆流体过程 ,而在成矿过程中 ,以热液流体为主 ,至少发生了两次构造减压沸腾作用。第一次发生于静岩压力约为 112 MPa,流体温度主要介于 4 30～ 4 6 5℃之间 ,盐度介于 7.9%～ 5 3.7% (Na Cl eq.)之间 ,结果生成大量石英和磁铁矿 ;第二次发生于静岩压力约为 83.6 MPa,流体温度集中在 340～ 389℃之间 ,盐度介于 6 .6 %～ 5 2 .1% (Na Cl eq.)之间。在成矿近于结束时 ,有少量大气降水混入 ,形成了少量低温、低盐度流体。此外 ,保存在石英斑晶和早期夕卡岩矿物中的高温岩浆流体也曾发生沸腾作用。