Diagnostic performance of texture analysis in the differential diagnosis of perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease and glandular anal fistula

BACKGROUND Perianal fistulising Crohn's disease(PFCD)and glandular anal fistula have many similarities on conventional magnetic resonance imaging.However,many patients with PFCD show concomitant active proctitis,but only few patients with glandular anal fistula have active proctitis.AIM To explore the value of differential diagnosis of PFCD and glandular anal fistula by comparing the textural feature parameters of the rectum and anal canal in fat suppression T2-weighted imaging(FS-T2WI).METHODS Patients with rectal water sac implantation were screened from the first part of this study(48 patients with PFCD and 22 patients with glandular anal fistula).Open-source software ITK-SNAP(Version 3.6.0,http://www.itksnap.org/)was used to delineate the region of interest(ROI)of the entire rectum and anal canal wall on every axial section,and then the ROIs were input in the Analysis Kit software(version V3.0.0.R,GE Healthcare)to calculate the textural feature parameters.Textural feature parameter differences of the rectum and anal canal wall between the PFCD group vs the glandular anal fistula group were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test.The redundant textural parameters were screened by bivariate Spearman correlation analysis,and binary logistic regression analysis was used to establish the model of textural feature parameters.Finally,diagnostic accuracy was assessed by receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve(AUC)analysis.RESULTS In all,385 textural parameters were obtained,including 37 parameters with statistically significant differences between the PFCD and glandular anal fistula groups.Then,16 texture feature parameters remained after bivariate Spearman correlation analysis,including one histogram parameter(Histogram energy);four grey level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)parameters(GLCM energy_all direction_offset1_SD,GLCM entropy_all direction_offset4_SD,GLCM entropy_all direction_offset7_SD,and Haralick correlation_all direction_offset7_SD);four texture parameters(Correlation_all direction_offset1_SD,cluster prominence_angle 90_offset4,Inertia_all direction_offset7_SD,and cluster shade_angle 45_offset7);five grey level run-length matrix parameters(grey level nonuniformity_angle 90_offset1,grey level nonuniformity_all direction_offset4_SD,long run high grey level emphasis_all direction_offset1_SD,long run emphasis_all direction_offset4_SD,and long run high grey level emphasis_all direction_offset4_SD);and two form factor parameters(surface area and maximum 3D diameter).The AUC,sensitivity,and specificity of the model of textural feature parameters were 0.917,85.42%,and 86.36%,respectively.CONCLUSION The model of textural feature parameters showed good diagnostic performance for PFCD.The texture feature parameters of the rectum and anal canal in FS-T2WI are helpful to distinguish PFCD from glandular anal fistula.

Altered oral microbiota in chronic hepatitis B patients with different tongue coatings

AIM To elucidate tongue coating microbiota and metabolic differences in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with yellow or white tongue coatings.METHODS Tongue coating samples were collected from 53 CHBpatients(28 CHB yellow tongue coating patients and 25 CHB white tongue coating patients) and 22 healthy controls.Microbial DNA was extracted from the tongue samples,and the bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA gene V3 region was amplified from all samples and sequenced with the Ion Torrent PGM^(TM)sequencing platform according to the standard protocols.The metabolites in the tongue coatings were evaluated using a liquid chromatographymass spectrometry(LC-MS) platform.Statistical analyses were then performed.RESULTS The relative compositions of the tongue coating microbiotas and metabolites in the CHB patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls,but the tongue coating microbiota abundances and diversity levels were not significantly different.Compared with the CHB white tongue coating patients,the CHB yellow tongue coating patients had higher hepatitis B viral DNA(HBV-DNA) titers(median 21210 vs 500,respectively,P = 0.03) and a significantly lower level of Bacteroidetes(20.14% vs 27.93%,respectively,P = 0.013) and higher level of Proteobacteria(25.99% vs 18.17%,respectively,P = 0.045) in the microbial compositions at the phylum level.The inferred metagenomic pathways enriched in the CHB yellow tongue coating patients were mainly those involved in amino acid metabolism,which was consistent with the metabolic disorder.The abundances of bacteria from Bacteroidales at the order level were higher in the CHB white tongue coating patients(19.2% vs 27.22%,respectively,P = 0.011),whereas Neisseriales were enriched in the yellow tongue coating patients(21.85% vs 13.83%,respectively,P = 0.029).At the family level,the abundance of Neisseriaceae in the yellow tongue patients was positively correlated with the HBV-DNA level but negatively correlated with the S-adenosyl-L-methionine level.CONCLUSION This research illustrates specific clinical features and bacterial structures in CHB patients with different tongue coatings,which facilitates understanding of the traditional tongue diagnosis.

Isolation and Characterization of Pathogenic Listonella anguillarum of Diseased Half-Smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)

Studies were conducted to determine the cause of the acute mortality of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther juveniles in a fish farm in Jimo, Shandong Province, China, in June 2006. Gross signs of the diseased tongue sole included several petechiae and ecchymoses on the body and fin necrosis and hemorrhagic lesion at the base of the fin. Bacteria were isolated from kidney, liver and hemorrhagic lesions of the diseased tongue sole. Among 14 strains, SJ060621 was proved to be highly virulent to juvenile tongue sole with LD50 value of 〈1.0×10^5 colony forming units （CFU）mL^-1, while the remaining 13 were avirulent. Among the 16 antibiotics tested, SJ060621 was sensitive to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. It was identified as Listonella anguillantm with conventional plate and tube tests in combination with API 20E analysis. 16S rRNA gene and partial HSP60 gene sequenceing analysis revealed that the strain was highly homologous with L. anguillarum. Examination of the infected musculature by electron microscopy indicated numerous bacteria and lots of macrophages containing phagocytosed bacteria. Histopathological investigations revealed severe necrotic degenerative changes in the infected organs. Indirect immunofluorescence assay （IFA） was employed to detect the location of occurrence of bacteria, and bacteria were found in aggregations in the inflammatory areas in musculature.

Biting force and tongue muscle strength as useful indicators for eating and swallowing capability assessment among elderly patients

Weakened capability of eating and swallowing is common among elderly population,affecting negatively on their health and well-being.This work measured occlusal force and tongue muscle strength of elderly patients and then assessed whether correlations existed between oral physiological properties and the eating and swallowing capability.A total of 26 elderly patients with potential swallow disorder were recruited in this work.Participants’denture status and daily diet texture were determined by a pre-questionnaire analysis.Their swallowing capability was assessed and rated by water drinking test.Maximum tongue pressure,incisor occlusal force and hand gripping force were measured for each subject.It was observed that participating subjects have on average a significantly lower biting force and maximum tongue pressure than that of normal adults.The swallowing grades assessed by water drinking test showed significant correlations with both the biting force(r=−0.498,P<0.05)and the tongue muscle strength(r=−0.544,P<0.05).The biting force of dysphagia participants correlates significantly with dental conditions(P<0.05).The observed correlation between tongue pressure and diet texture indicates that tongue muscle strength could be used as a reliable indicator of the eating and swallowing capability for elderly people.

Study on Tongue Coating Microbiota in Patients with Atrophic Gastritis

Aims: To explore the tongue coating microbiota composition in patients with atrophic gastritis by using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Methods: The study included 29 atrophic gastritis patients and 29 age and gender-matched non-atrophic gastritis controls. By sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity on the tongue coating. Results: There was no significant difference in the microbial diversity on the tongue coating between the two groups. However, compared with the control, the atrophic gastritis group had a smaller number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). At the class level, patients with atrophic gastritis had lower relative abundances of Betaproteobacteria and Spirochaetia than the control group. At the gene level, the abundance of Neisseria and Aggregatibacter in atrophic gastritis group had significantly decreased compared with control ones. Furthermore, functional prediction revealed that 24 metabolic pathways significantly differed between the two groups. Conclusions: Our findings provide novel evidence that tongue coating microbiota may be a biomarker for characterizing patient with atrophic gastritis, but its mechanism needs to be further elaborated.

Studies on the Catalyst for Oxidation of o-Xylene to Phthalic Anhydride by the Image Texture Analysis Technique

The present paper covers surface texture features of the catalysts for the oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride (PA) investigated by the Image Texture Analysis Technique and obviously corresponding relationships between the catalyst activity and its texture features (entropy(F9) and angular second moment(F1)).By means of the two texture features(F9 and F1), the effects of promoters K2O and Al2O3 on the properties of the catalysts were analysed, a higher active catalyst' s surface texture model for active catalysts is given:d(F) = 0. 00693×F9 - 0. 98039×F1 - 0.03078 > 0The results show that the Image Texture Analysis Technique would be a useful tool for the studies of catalyst surface structure and computer-aided design of catalysts.

SnAgCu-Al_(2)O_(3)在不同织构角度下对TiNi润滑行为的影响

目的研究高镍钛基合金(TiNi)的摩擦学性能以提高其使用精度和服役寿命。方法以TiNi为研究对象,结合仿生学方法在TiNi表面设计并制备了鱼鳞状表面织构。随后将复合固体润滑剂Sn AgCu-Al_(2)O_(3)(S-A)均匀填充至织构,使用摩擦磨损测试仪对制备的样品进行摩擦实验。最后利用场发射扫描电子显微镜和三维表面形貌仪对磨痕表面进行表征,重点分析表面织构的角度参数对复合材料Sn Ag Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)/TiNi(S-A/TiNi)摩擦学性能的影响。结果与TiNi相比,当表面织构的角度为70°时,S-A/TiNi-70°的平均摩擦因数和磨损率分别降低约81.8%和85.5%,其值分别约为0.1和1.2×10^(-13)m^(3)/(N·m)。结论研究过程中发现,S-A/TiNi-70°试样表现的优异摩擦学性能依赖于S-A固体润滑膜的完整性,摩擦表面形成的固体润滑膜越连续其表面磨损越小。S-A/TiNi-70°试样优异的摩擦学性能主要归因于在表面织构角度为70°时,织构凹槽中的S-A固体润滑剂相较于其他角度更容易流动。这导致织构凹槽中的润滑剂能够大量迁移到摩擦表面形成S-A固体润滑膜,从而减少了摩擦副和基体直接接触。

Arnold Tongues for Discrete Hill’s Equation

In this work we study two types of Discrete Hill’s equation. The first comes from the discretization process of a Continuous-time Hill’s equation, we called Discretized Hill’s equation. The Second is a naturally obtained in Discrete-Time and will be called Discrete-time Hill’s equation. The objective of discretization is preserving the continuous-time behavior and we show this property. On the contrary a completely different dynamic property was found for the Discrete-Time Hill’s equation. At the end of the paper is shown that both types share the nonoscillatory behavior of solutions in the 0-th Arnold Tongue.

基于改进Faster RCNN的舌部多纹理检测

为更加高效、并行地实现舌部多纹理的识别,提出一种基于Faster RCNN的改进舌部多纹理检测方法。首先,使用可变形卷积重塑主干提取网络中的卷积层并进行可变形池化,通过实际情况调整自身形状提取目标特征,以降低漏检率;其次,引入注意力机制scSE,通过增强有意义特征提高纹理表达能力;在目标相互掺杂且目标尺度差异较大的背景下,使用加权双向特征金字塔网络进行特征融合,以提升目标检测的准确率,最后进行迁移学习。实验结果显示该方法使所有类别平均精度达到0.935,较原始Faster RCNN模型提高了0.457,说明改进后的模型能有效解决目标掺杂和多尺度差异问题,具有较高的检测精度。

食品智能感知技术的发展与前沿探索

智能感知技术是一种利用传感器模拟人类感觉器官捕捉样品各种感官属性信息,再结合智能识别算法信号处理,实现食品等样品品质拟人化综合评价的前沿仿生技术。智能感知技术作为传统感官评价技术的现代化延伸和补充,具有检测速度快,样品无需前处理,操作简便,实时在线分析等技术特性,是深度感知食品感官品质的强有力的工具。本文综述食品领域中几种主要的智能感知技术,如模拟味觉的电子舌技术,模拟嗅觉的电子鼻技术,模拟触觉的质构分析仪和仿生视觉系统的电子眼等。另外,文章还归纳总结了智能感知技术在食品品质评价方面的应用研究进展,展望智能感知技术在静态感官、动态感官和情绪感知表征等方面的技术发展可能性。随着生物学、材料学、计算机科学等交叉学科的快速发展,智能感知技术有望从样品整体感官特性的区分、识别应用,提升至食品嗜好和情绪的检测表征,为食品产业的发展提供新的动力。

基于机器学习的舌象形质诊断分析研究现状与展望

基于图像的智能化诊断是中医舌诊现代化研究的重要方向。近年来,以卷积神经网络(CNNs)、Transformers等深度学习为代表的机器学习方法被广泛应用于电子计算机断层扫描(CT)、核磁共振成像(MRI)等医学影像图像分析领域,使得临床决策更加高效和精准。先进的人工智能技术也为中医舌诊医疗器械研发和数字化中医舌诊方法创造了新的机遇,促进了中医舌诊的标准化和智能化。经典图像分析方法实现了舌象的颜色数据化表达,但对于复杂的舌象形质特征如齿痕、点刺、裂纹、厚薄、腐腻、剥苔等的综合识别分析仍是当前舌诊研究面临的瓶颈问题。本文从舌象形质特征的智能分析与病证诊断应用等方面展开论述,归纳了经典的图像分析方法与深度学习方法的研究现状,梳理了舌象特征在临床疾病风险预测中的应用情况,提出了人工智能舌诊技术的机遇挑战和发展方向。总之,传统中医舌诊与人工智能技术结合,将有效提升中医舌诊的科学内涵,提升舌诊临床普适应用,推动中医诊疗模式的现代化发展。

智能感官技术在特色农产品品质评价中的应用研究进展

智能感官技术已在食品品质评价领域广泛的应用,尤其是在特色农产品品质评价中展现出显著优势。相较于传统感官技术,智能感官技术如电子眼、电子舌等通过模拟人体真实感官对样品进行分析,具有操作简便、溯源性好和检测速度快等优点。本文简要介绍了电子眼、电子鼻、电子舌、质构仪等智能感官技术的工作原理,综述了智能感官技术分别在农产品分级分类、产品质量检测、产品成熟度判断等食品检测方面的研究现状,探究了不同智能感官技术相互结合、智能感官技术与传统感官技术相结合的研究进展,并讨论了现有研究所存在的问题及对未来发展的展望,以期为未来智能感官技术在特色农产品品质评价中的深入开发与应用提供理论依据和数据支撑。

基于D-S证据理论的多特征融合SAR图像目标识别方法

针对应用单特征SAR图像进行目标识别准确率低的问题,提出了一种将支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)和D-S证据理论(Dempster-Shafer,D-S)相结合的多特征融合SAR图像目标识别方法。该方法在对SAR图像预处理的基础上,提取目标的纹理、Hu不变矩和峰值特征,并分别以这3类单特征的SVM分类结果作为独立证据,构造基本概率指派,通过D-S证据的组合规则进行融合,并根据分类判决门限给出最终的目标识别结果。将该方法用于SAR图像上的3类目标识别,识别率达95.5%,表明该方法是一种有效的SAR图像目标识别方法。

内镜电凝加PPI治疗岛型及舌型SSBE疗效观察

目的观察内镜下高频电凝加PPI治疗岛型及舌型SSBE的近中期疗效及安全性。方法经内镜及病理检查确诊的岛型及舌型SSBE病例39例,随机及自愿结合分组。23例治疗组患者在内镜下对岛型及舌型SSBE病灶施行高频电凝治疗,同时口服雷贝拉唑,20mg,bid,疗程4周。16例对照组患者则单纯予雷贝拉唑口服,20mg,bid,持续抑酸治疗。分别于治疗后第3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月及24个月行胃镜随访,对照原内镜图片,观察各组岛型及舌型SSBE病灶的变化,并在原病灶处取活组织检查其病理改变。对治疗组中复查内镜未达显效者,再次行镜下电凝治疗并予雷贝拉唑口服,20mg,bid,疗程4周。结果治疗组随访病例平均显效率87.6%,总有效率100%;未出现出血、穿孔及食管狭窄等并发症。对照组平均显效率6.6%,平均总有效率26.5%,平均无效率73.5%。结论经内镜下高频电凝加PPI治疗岛型及舌型SSBE安全,近期疗效明显。

舌鳞癌DNA倍体性和S期细胞比率与其预后关系

对７２例舌鳞癌根治术后病者作随访复查和用流式细胞仪对其石蜡包埋标本作ＤＮＡ含量测量。结果５年生存率为５６．９％，５年内死亡者和５年存活者异倍体率分别为６４．５％和４１．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５），而高Ｓ期细胞比率（ＳＰＦ）分别为９０．３％和４１．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。有颈淋巴转移者五年生存率（２８．６％）低于无颈淋巴转移者（６８．６％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。两者异倍体率和高ＳＰＦ分别有显著差异和非常显著差异。高ＳＰＦ在临床期之间、Ｃ１和Ｇ２之间均有明显差异。提示ＤＮＡ倍体性与舌鳞癌５年生存率无关，而高ＳＰＦ则有密切关系。认为ＳＰＦ作为估测舌鳞癌的预后有较高的价值。

基于Contourlet-S变换的纹理图像检索系统

针对基本轮廓波变换纹理图像检索系统检索率较低的问题,提出一种基于Contourlet-S变换的纹理图像检索系统。其中采用的特征向量由Contourlet-S变换域各子带内系数的能量和标准偏差连接而成,相似度度量标准使用Canberra距离。实验结果表明,采用相同的系统结构和分解结构参数,在基本相同的检索时间内,Contourlet-S检索系统比基本轮廓波检索系统具有更高的检索率。

舌鳞状细胞癌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27^(kip1)蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的:检测舌鳞状细胞癌(舌癌)组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表达,分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系,探讨其在舌癌的发生发展及预后中的作用。方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测45例舌癌组织、30例癌旁组织和10例正常舌黏膜组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表达情况;比较不同类型舌组织中各蛋白表达阳性率的差异;分析Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白表达与舌癌临床病理学参数的关系。结果:在舌癌组织中,Cks1和Skp2蛋白呈强表达,阳性表达率为73.3%和62.2%,在癌旁组织和正常舌黏膜组织中其阳性表达率依次降低,阳性表达率分别为23.3%、10.0%和36.7%、10.0%;在舌癌组织中,p27kip1蛋白表达明显减少或缺失,阳性表达率为24.4%,在癌旁组织中和正常舌黏膜组织中其阳性表达水平依次升高,阳性表达率分别为30.0%和70.0%;在舌癌组织中Cks1和Skp2蛋白阳性表达率高于正常舌黏膜组织和癌旁组织(P<0.05),而p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率低于正常舌黏膜组织和癌旁组织(P<0.05)。舌癌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率与舌癌患者的年龄和性别无关联(P>0.05);与癌组织淋巴结转移、TNM分期、分化程度和临床分期有关联(P<0.05)。结论:舌癌组织中Cks1和Skp2蛋白阳性表达率升高、p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率降低,Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率的检测有助于判断舌癌的恶性程度和预后。

黔南乌龙沟铅锌矿床地质和S同位素地球化学

乌龙沟铅锌矿床位于三都—丹寨（三丹）多金属成矿带内,毗邻苗龙金锑矿床,是该成矿带内铅锌矿床的典型代表。但迄今为止,该矿床未见任何地质、地球化学等方面研究的报道,导致对其成因机制知之甚少。本文在系统的矿床地质研究基础上,对硫化物开展S同位素地球化学研究,以期揭示该矿床矿化剂元素的来源与演化,为理解其形成机制提供地球化学依据。乌龙沟铅锌矿床产于震旦系陡山沱组粉砂质白云岩中,明显受近NE、NW和SN向复合构造控制,矿体呈透镜状产出,具有块状、脉状和浸染状构造。矿石矿物主要有闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铁矿,脉石矿物主要为白云石/方解石和石英,偶见重晶石。硫化物具有粒状、碎裂、交代等结构。矿床地质特征表明该矿床具有后成性。硫化物δ34S值介于10.9‰～16.5‰,低于邻区赋存于早寒武碳酸盐中的三都牛场和都匀牛角塘铅锌矿床硫化物的δ34S值（均大于20‰）,也低于震旦-寒武纪海水硫酸盐的δ34S值（20‰～35‰）。可见,乌龙沟铅锌矿床还原S很可能是海相硫酸盐热化学（TSR）的产物,而TSR的温度或其它S源的加入可能是导致其具有低于邻区矿床δ34S值的主要原因。综上,本文认为乌龙沟铅锌矿床属于受构造和岩性控制的后生热液矿床,其S源主要为海相硫酸盐。由于缺乏其它地球化学和年代学的约束,其是否为MVT矿床,尚需进一步的深入研究。

基于扩展Shearlet变换、Krawtchouk矩和SVM的储粮害虫分类

为了进一步提高储粮害虫的识别精度,以便更有效地防治储粮害虫,提出了一种基于纹理和形状综合特征及全局混沌蜂群优化支持向量机(SVM)的储粮害虫分类方法。首先对储粮害虫图像进行扩展Shearlet变换,利用变换系数得到能量分布均值,加权后的能量分布均值构成纹理特征向量,用Krwtchouk矩不变量描述储粮害虫的形状特征;然后将纹理特征向量和形状特征向量分别归一化,两者结合构成储粮害虫的综合特征向量;最后用全局混沌蜂群算法优化SVM的核参数与惩罚因子,并应用参数优化的SVM进行分类。结果表明:与基于Gabor小波和支持向量机方法、基于Krawtchouk不变矩和支持向量机方法相比,本方法提取的储粮害虫特征信息更加完整,识别率更高。

轧后温度制度对St12钢组织和性能的影响

依据攀钢生产工艺 ,通过热模拟试验 ,研究了终轧温度、冷却速度和卷取温度对St12钢组织和性能的综合影响 ,并提出了St12钢实际生产中轧后温度制度的最佳参数。