Spatial Pattern of Leisure Agriculture in Baoding City for Its Docking with Beijing and Tianjin

By reviewing advantageous location of Baoding City in the green economic circle of capital rim, as well as its resource and environmental advantages, present development and future trend of leisure agriculture in Baoding City were analyzed, SWOT analysis of its conditions for the docking with Beijing and Tianjin was carried out, its strengths were demonstrated in policy, location, passenger origin and humanistic environment; its weaknesses were proposed as: lack of integrated planning, unitary, scattered and low-grade products, incomplete infrastructure and management service system, inadequate efforts in propagation; opportunities: development of the green economic circle of capital rim, stable promotion of new countryside construction, economic development and changing concepts of people; threats: competition of neighboring regions. On this basis, internal and external environment that leisure agriculture of Baoding City must have to realize its docking with Beijing and Tianjin were studied, and then it was proposed that spatial pattern docking was the first step, and the docking should be realized in rings and modules.

A Comparative Study on the Street Space Form in the Old City of Beijing: A Case Study of Shijia Hutong, the White Stupa Temple Area, and Dashilanr

Urban renewal is one of the important contents of urban development in China. With the gradual progress of urbanization, the renewal of the old city has become the focus of urbanization. This paper analyzed the street space form in the old city, and explored the characteristics of the street space form with a view to exploring streets whose space forms are suitable for the current social development. Based on the field investigation of Shijia Hutong, the White Stupa Temple area, and Dashilanr, the similarities and differences of streets in these areas with different space forms in the old city of Beijing were compared and analyzed, and social and cultural factors expressed in urban space form and the impact of human activities on the street space form were explored in terms of the scale, function, building type, and connection with the outside world. It is hoped that this paper will provide a reference for future renovation of the Old City.

Study on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment in Beijing City

In recent years,the construction of rural sewage treatment in Beijing City has developed rapidly,but there are still many problems in some rural domestic sewage treatment. In this paper,the current situation of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City is combed,and its characteristics are summarized. Meanwhile,the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang Province,Hunan Province and Shandong Province is summarized by consulting relevant data. By comparing with current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Beijing City,it is found that there are some problems in the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City,such as unsuitable treatment mode,unreasonable discharge requirements and inadequate treatment technology. Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,such as strengthening the investigation,research and planning,and differential formulation of the sewage treatment discharge standards,and establishing modular treatment technology system. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City.

Tourism spatial reconstruction of Chengde City under the influence of Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing

Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing (HTCB) is one of the nine key regions of Chinese tourism industry in the period of the 11th Five-Year Project. According to Tourist Marginal Utility Theory, Time-Distance Method is used to define HTCB in this paper. Chengde City, famous for its cultural tourism, is regard as one of the regions in Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing. And this geographical advantage, in the context of the boom of tourism in China, is featured by the changes of tourist product structure and development model. In this paper, the influence upon Chengde tourism spatial structure has been discussed from tourist market, location and transportation. Chengde tourism spatial structure has been rebuilt with particular references to the factors of tourism destination district, tourist area, nodes, routes, and origin markets. In this paper, Chengde will develop tourism industry with the central heritage area as the center and northern forest and pasture area and southern mountain and lake area as the two wings.

Prediction of the concentration of chlorophyll-α for Liuhai urban lakes in Beijing City

The weekly water quality monitor data of Liuhai lakes between April 2003 and November 2004 in Beijing City were used as an example to build an artificial neural networks （ANN） model and a multi-varieties regression model respectively for predicting the fresh water algae bloom. The different predicted abilities of the two methods in Liuhai lakes were compared. A principle analysis method was first used to select the input variables of the models to avoid the phenomenon of collinearity in the data. The results showed that the input variables for the artificial neural networks were T, TP, transparency（SD）, DO, chlorophyll-a （Chl-a）,pH and the output variable was Chl-a. A three layer Levenberg-Marguardt feed forward leaming algorithm in ANN was used to model the eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes. 20 nodes in hidden layer and 1 node of output for the ANN model had been optimized by trial and error method. A sensitivity analysis of the input variables was performed to evaluate their relative significance in determining the predicted values. The correlation coefficient between predicted value and observed value in all data and in test data were 0.717 and 0.816 respectively in the artificial neural networks. The stepwise regression method was used to simulate the linear relation between Chl-a and temperature, of which the correlation coefficient was 0.213. By comparing the results of the two models, it was found that neural network models were able to simulate non-linear behavior in the water eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes reasonably and could successfully estimate some extreme values from calibration and test data sets.

Comprehensive Assessment and Promotion Policy of Producer Services' Competitiveness in Beijing City:A Comparative Analysis among Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen

The five central cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen-of the three most important strategic regions in China,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,are taken as a comparative analysis on urban producer services' competitiveness,especially focusing on the comparative advantages and disadvantages of producer services in Beijing.Firstly,based on an integrated indicator system including one objective hierarchy,four standard hierarchies and 35 indicator hierarchies,the study applies factor analysis model and analytic hierarchy process model reformed by entropy technology to measure the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services in the above five cities.Secondly,Beijing has comparative advantages of capital resource,industrial base,scientific research resource and market scale,since it takes the first place of the five cities in the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services,the competitiveness of industrial development,business environment and living environment,only inferior to Shanghai in the competitiveness of talent capital.Thirdly,Beijing has comparative disadvantages in the level of producer services development,urban innovation capability and living environment.Finally,five proposals are put forth to enhance the competitiveness of producer services in Beijing,namely perfecting the system of laws and statutes,supporting the development of industry association,implementing scientific development planning,introducing preferential fiscal and taxation policies and strengthening human capital reserve.

The Variation Law of the Market Price of Pork in Beijing City

In order to research the fluctuation law of price of pork in Beijing City and determine its fluctuation cycle,we use level indicator analysis,speed indicator analysis,the coefficient of variation,the seasonal adjustment model and the HP filter method,to analyze the data on the market price of pork in 8 wholesale markets in Beijing City during the period 2002-2011.The results show that the annual price of pork in wholesale markets in Beijing City shows a gradual upward trend;during the period 2002-2011,the price of pork in Beijing City experienced three full fluctuation cycle,and each fluctuation cycle was roughly 38 months;the price of pork within the year shows a trend of " one trough,one crest",and the interval of high prices is mainly concentrated in June-december;the amount of pork for sale within the year is basically inversely correlated with the price.Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of pig production information and market information,to ensure the sufficient supply of pork,and stabilize the market price of pork.In addition,according to the variation law of the market price of pork,improving the purchasing,storage and allocation work mechanism of the reserve meat is also necessary to stabilizing the market price of pork.

Calculation of Water Pollution Control Performance Index:A Case Study of Beijing City

To explore water pollution control level in Beijing,performance evaluation index system of water pollution control in Beijing was constructed based on DPSR framework.Taking driving force,pressure,state and response as primary indexes,25 secondary indexes were established.The combined weighting of the index system was conducted by entropy weight method,coefficient of variation method and CRITIC method.The performance index of water pollution control in Beijing from 2010 to 2018 was calculated,and its dynamic change trend was analyzed.The results showed that the performance index of water pollution control in Beijing was low from 2010 to 2014,but increased year by year from 2015 to 2018,with a good trend.

Study on Government Performance Evaluation and Optimal Countermeasures of Sewage Treatment in Beijing City

In this paper,from the three dimensions of development quality,sustainable development and public satisfaction,the index system of government performance evaluation of wastewater treatment in Beijing City was constructed by conversion of critical success factor method.Using comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight method and principal component analysis method,the sewage treatment effect of Beijing municipal government from 2010 to 2017 was quantified,and the government s sewage treatment work was comprehensively evaluated.The evaluation results showed that the government has achieved remarkable results in sewage treatment,but it should continue to optimize the countermeasures in promoting the transformation and upgrading of economic structure,strengthening the management of urban sewage treatment and strict management system of water environment.

Mega-city Planning Challenges——Taking Beijing as an Example

In the past 30 years,China has experienced development at full speed,and the cities have expanded rapidly.There have been dozens of megacities with millions of people.Due to the lack of preparation of various factors,these cities will inevitably also have some urban diseases similar to those in the mega-cities of the world.How to develop mega-cities,especially how to ensure the sustainable development of mega-cities,such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,etc.,is a question that must be answered.This paper mainly discusses the challenges faced with city planning,especially for mega-cities,taking Beijing as an example and analyzes from following aspects:institutional challenges,demographic challenges,and environmental challenges,and hopes to provide references for city planners.

Effectiveness of groundwater extraction in Beijing since the ingauration of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China

This study assess the effectiveness of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing since the opening of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,using survey and evaluation methods.Firstly,an analysis of water consumption structure and the usage of diverted river water in Beijing in recent years was conducted.Secondly,the volume of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing after the 33 project's inauguration was examined,revealing a decrease from 1.96 billion m^(3) in 2014 to 1.35 billion m^(3) in 2020.The proportion of water supply reduced from 52.3%in 2014 to 33.3%in 2020,leading to an optimized water supply structure.By the end of 2020,groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing is estimated at 446 million m3,with a substantial reduction in over-exploitation of groundwater.Groundwater resources have been effectively replenished,and the strategic reserve capacity has been enhanced.Furthermore,this study evaluates the change in groundwater levels as an indicator of the effectiveness of pressure extraction.The declining trend of groundwater levels in Beijing has been effectively mitigated,and there has been a consistent rebound in groundwater levels over the past five years.

Happy Life at the Foot of the Imperial City Wall——A Glimpse of Community Life in Dongcheng District, Beijing

Grandpa Qin, now 74, has returned to where he had lived for more than six decades in the company of his daughter. In front of him, the old dilapidated scenes have all disappeared. The former nine 1.9-meter-wide lanes have become 12 six-meter-wide roads. The former crowded courtyards, 11 stairs down the lanes, have completely changed their outlook. The only things that seem to have not changed are the old Beijing style of blue tiles and gray bricks and the imperial city walls nearby that are the witnesses to all these changes. Grandpa Qin is among the 300 households who have returned after the rebuilding project was completed. Qin’s family lived in the Nanchizi community for five generations. The big

Distribution and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Atmospheric Particulate Matter PM2.5 in Beijing

A total of 11 PM2.5 samples were collected from October 2003 to October 2004 at 8 sampling sites in Beijing city. The PM2.5 concentrations are all above the PM2.5 pollution standard （65 μg m^-3） established by Environmental Protection Agency, USA （USEPA） in 1997 except for the Ming Tombs site. PM2.5 concentrations in winter are much higher than in summer. The 16 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） listed as priority pollutants by USEPA in PM2.5 were completely identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with variable wavelength detector （VWD） and fluorescence detector （FLD） employed. The PM2.5 concentrations indicate that the pollution situation is still serious in Beijing. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations ranged from 22.17 to 5366 ng m^-3. The concentrations of the heavier molecular weight PAHs have a different pollution trend from the lower PAHs. Seasonal variations were mainly attributed to the difference in coal combustion emission and meteorological conditions. The source apportionment analysis suggests that PAHs from PM2.5 in Beijing city mainly come from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emission. New measures about restricting coal combustion and vehicle exhaust must be established as soon as possible to improve the air pollution situation in Beijing city.

The Vertical Change of Atmospheric Particulates and Evaluation on Its Influence of the Resident's Floor-Choosing in Beijing

In order to investigate the vertical change of atmospheric particulates and it’s influence of the resident’s floor-choosing in Beijing,we take PM10 as the research object,the 18th building whichis 49.2 m in height of China University of Geosciences as the representative of resident building in Beijing,use the TSP/PM 10/PM2.5-2 particulate-sampling machine to sample PM10 on the south balcony of 1,4,8,12,16th floor respectively in 72 hours from 12 o’clock of January 31st to 12 o’clock of February 2nd,2007, weigh the accurate weight of the fiberglas filter membrane on the Sarlorius electronic balance

BASIC FEATURES AND TRENDS OF THE ECONOMIC BASE OF BEIJING

In China, systematic studies on economic base of a single city are very weak. Based on the 1990 census andrelevant statistics during 1990 - 1994, a comparative study is conducted on Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. The majorconclusions are as follows: (1) Beijing is not only the national political and cultural center, but also the national economiccenter, viz the commercial service center and the low water-consuming, light polluting, external economy-typed andknowledge-intensive manufacturing industrial center, which is appropriate for Beijing’s comparative advantage. (2) Thehigh water-consuming, heavy polluting and regional market-oriented industry is overdeveloped as far as Beijing’s scarcewater and other natural resources are concerned. (3) Beijing’s industrial base is smaller, more regional market-based, andthe service base is more diverse, larger and more national market-based than Shanghai’s and Tianjin’ s. (4) With the development of socialist market economy and implemenl of sustainable development strategy, the external economy-typedand knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry with lower input of water and less environmental pollution, and information-intensive service industries will centralize further, and the industry with higher input of water and/or severe environmental pollution will decentralize.

The Best of Beijing

FOR much of China’s history, the city of Beijing has been the nation’s capital.Thus it boasts a wealth of ancient cultural treasures, including buildings, parks and monuments. These are five of the better ones.

Evolution of the commercial blocks in ancient Beijing city from the street network perspective

The synergistic relationship between urban functions and street networks has al-ways been a focus in the field of urban research and practice.From the perspective of street networks,by adopting space syntax,this study analyzed the deep structural characteristics and potential evolution rules of commercial blocks attached to street networks in different periods,as well as the corresponding economic,political,and cultural characteristics of an-cient Beijing city over the past 800 years.By combining these with changes in the street network,we further explained the function mechanism of layout and level adjustment in commercial blocks,and the influence of the street network on commercial blocks in the process of historical change.The main conclusions included the following:(1)The urban centripetal-centrifugal siphon effect:the layout form,topological structure,and traffic mode changes in the street network had corresponding guidance for the layout and hierarchical system of commercial blocks,while the centripetal development of the street network could guide the agglomeration effect of commercial blocks,although centrifugal development caused commercial blocks to display outward evacuation.(2)Stage transformation from mu-tation node to smooth development:the layout of commercial blocks came to depend on the ability to cross the commuting flow center,which originally relied on the accessibility of transportation nodes as local centers.Changes in traffic modes mainly affected the adjust-ment of the first-level commercial blocks,which easily led to overall layout mutation.Traffic levels have an obvious positive hierarchical relation with the second-and third-level com-mercial blocks.(3)The adaptation of traditional commercial blocks to the needs of a modern city:affected by the different emerging times and unevenness of the original commercial foundation,commercial blocks have formed various developmental models that meet the needs of modernization,and reach a balance between cultural continuity and functional ad-aptation.

A Great Across-the-Century Planning to Build Modernized Capital——The Revision of Beijing City Overall Plan

The revision work of the overall plan from 1991 to1992 under the auspices of the Beijing Institute of Planning and Design(BIPD) has been completed in an all-round way.This article sums upthose background conditions,guiding ideology and basic objectives con-cerned,and the four focal points of the revision.

City Planning and SocioEconomic Development——Also on the Further Implementation of the Master Plan for Beijing Development

At present,many people believe that wehave to strengthen the research on socioeconomic development when making citydevelopment plans,but problems remain asto what to research on,how to carry out theresearch and how to closely

The diurnal and seasonal characteristics of urban heat island variation in Beijing city and surrounding areas and impact factors based on remote sensing satellite data

Based on the land surface temperature (LST), the land cover classification map,vegetation coverage, and surface evapotranspiration derived from EOS-MODIS satellite data, and by the use of GIS spatial analytic technique and multivariate statistical analysis method, the urban heat island (UHI) spatial distribution of the diurnal and seasonal variabilities and its driving forces are studied in Beijing city and surrounding areas in 2001. The relationships among UHI distribution and landcover categories, topographic factor, vegetation greenness, and surface evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results indicate that: (i) The significant UHI occur in Beijing city areas in the four seasons due to high heat capacity and multi-reflection of compression building, as well as with special topographic features of its three sides surrounded by mountains,especially in the summer. The UHI spatial distribution is corresponding with the urban geometry structure profile. The LST difference is approximately 4-6℃ between Beijing city and suburb areas, comparatively is 8- 10℃ between Beijing city area and outer suburb area in northwestern regions. (ii) The UHI distribution and intensity in daytime are different from nighttime in Beijing city area, the nighttime UHI is obvious. However, in the daytime, the significant UHI mainly appears in the summer, the autumn takes second place, and the UHI in the winter and the spring seem not obvious. The surface evapotranspiration in suburb areas is larger than that in urban areas in the summer, and high latent heat exchange is evident, which leads to LST difference between city area and suburb area. (iii) The reflection of surface landcover categories is sensitive to the UHI, the correlation between vegetation greenness and UHI shows obviously negative.The scatterplot shows that there is the negative correlation between NDVI and LST (R2 = 0.6481).The results demonstrate that the vegetation greenness is an important factor for reducing the UHI,and large-scale construction of greenbelts can considerably reduce the UHI effect.