Stress Analysis of Top Tensioned Riser Under Random Waves and Vessel Motions

The bending stresses of top tensioned riser(TTR) under combined excitations of currents,random waves and vessel motions are presented in this paper,and the effect of the internal flowing fluid on the riser stresses is also considered.The computation programs which are used to solve the differential equations in the time domain are compiled and the principal factors of concern including the angular movements at the upper and lower ends of the riser,lateral displacements and bending stresses are presented.Then the effects of current velocity,random wave,top tension,vessel mean offset,low frequency motion and internal flow velocity on the bending stresses of the riser are analyzed in detail.

Fatigue Life Assessment of Top Tensioned Risers Under Vortex-Induced Vibrations

The fatigue life of top tensioned risers under vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) with consideration of the effect of internal flowing fluid on the riser is analyzed in the time domain.The long-term stress histories of the riser under VIVs are calculated and the mean stresses,the number of stress cycles and amplitudes are determined by the rainflow counting method.The Palmgren-Miner rule for cumulative damage theory with a specified S-N curve is used to estimate the fatigue life of the riser.The corresponding numerical programs numerical simulation of vortex-induced vibrations (NSVIV) which can be used to calculate the VIV response and fatigue life of the riser are compiled.Finally the influences of the riser's parameters such as flexural rigidity,top tension and internal flow velocity on the fatigue life of the riser are analyzed in detail and some conclusions are drawn.

Numerical Prediction of Vortex-Induced Vibrations on Top Tensioned Riser in Consideration of Internal Flow

In consideration of the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition on the vortex-induced vibration （VIV） of top tensioned riser （Till）, the differential equation is derived based on work-energy principles and the riser near wake dynamics is modeled by Facchinetti＇ s wake oscillator model. Then Galerkin＇ s finite element approximation is implemented to derive the nonlinear matrix equation of the coupled equations and file corresponding numerical programs are compiled which solve the coupled equations directly in the time domain. The comparison of the predicted results with the recent experimental results and the prediction of SHEAR7 is performed. The results show the validity of the proposed method on the prediction of VIV of deep water risers. The effect of internal flow on the dynamic characteristics and dynmnic response of the riser is analyzed and several valuable conelusions are drawn.

Simplified Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Top Tensioned Risers

According to the characteristics of deepwater top tensioned risers, a simplified model is presented to predict the multi-modal response of vortex-induced vibration （VIV） in non-uniform flow based on energy equilibrium theory and the exporimental data from VIV self-excited and forced oscillations of rigid cylinders. The response amplitude of each mode is determined by a balance between the energy fed into the riser over the lock-in regions and the energy dissipated by the fluid damping over the remainders. Compared with the previous prediction models, this method can take fully account of the intrinsic nature of VIV for low mass ratio structures on lock-in regions, added mass and nonlinear fluid damping effect, etc. Moreover, it is the first time to propose the accurate calculating procedure for VIV amplitude correction factor by solving energy equilibrium equation and a closed form solution is presented for the case of a riser of uniform mass and cross-section oscillating in a uniform flow. The predicted values show a reasonable agreement with VIV experiments of riser models in stepped and sheared currents.

Nonlinear Coupled in-Line and Cross-Flow Vortex-Induced Vibration Analysis of Top Tensioned Riser

The fluctuating furces of the fluid exerted on the top terrsioned riser （＇FIR） in the in-line and cross-flow directions are both modeled by van del Pol wake oscillator model and the nonlinear coupled dynamics of the in-line and cross-flow vortex-induced vibrations （VIV） of the riser are analyzed in time domain in this papar. The numencal shnulation results of the riser＇s in-line and cross-flow displacements and curvatures are compared with experimental measurements and the comparison shows the validity of this method in modeling some main features of the riser＇s VIV. Finally, the effects of the riser＇s top tensions and internal flow velocities on the coupled vibrations of the riser are investigated.

Design and Analysis of Tapered Stress Joint for Top Tensioned Riser System

Stress Joint （SJ） plays a key role in the Top Tensioned Riser （TTR） system for deep water engineering. A preliminary design method of tapered SJ is proposed in the paper, which could help designers obtain accurate design data. After a further sensitive analysis is carried out, the related parameters choice and control methods are recommended in the engineering practice. By taking the extreme environment conditions into consideration, the effects of bending stress reduction and curve control are analyzed, and the 3-D FE models are established by ABQOUS for numerical evaluation to verify the correctness of design results. At last, dynamic analysis and fatigue analysis, based on actual project, are carried out with designed stress joint. The analysis results prove the feasibility and guidance of this method in the practical engineering applications.

Critical Top Tension for Static Equilibrium Configuration of A Steel Catenary Riser

This paper aims to present the critical top tension for static equilibrium configurations of a steel catenary riser（SCR） by using the finite element method. The critical top tension is the minimum top tension that can maintain the equilibrium of the SCR. If the top tension is smaller than the critical value, the equilibrium of the SCR does not exist. If the top tension is larger than the critical value, there are two possible equilibrium configurations. These two configurations exhibit the nonlinear large displacement. The configuration with the smaller displacement is stable, while the one with larger displacement is unstable. The numerical results show that the increases in the riser＇s vertical distances, horizontal offsets, riser＇s weights, internal flow velocities, and current velocities increase the critical top tensions of the SCR. In addition, the parametric studies are also performed in order to investigate the limit states for the analysis and design of the SCR.

Hydrodynamic Response of A Fully Coupled TLP Hull-TTR System with Detailed Modeling of A Hydraulic Pneumatic Tensioner and Riser Joints

Tension Leg Platform(TLP)in deepwater oil and gas field development usually consists of a hull,tendons,and top tension risers(TTRs).To maintain its top tension,each TTR is connected with a tensioner system to the hull.Owing to the complicated configuration of the tensioners,the hull and TTRs form a strong coupled system.Traditionally,some simplified tensioner models are applied to analyze the TLP structures.There is a large discrepancy between their analysis results and the actual mechanism behaviors of a tensioner.It is very necessary to develop a more detailed tensioner model to consider the coupling effects between TLP and TTRs.In the present study,a fully coupled TLP hull-TTR system for hydrodynamic numerical simulation is established.A specific hydraulic pneumatic tensioner is modeled by considering 4 cylinders.The production TTR model is stacked up by specific riser joints.The simulation is also extended to analyze an array of TTRs.Different regular and irregular waves are considered.The behaviors of different cylinders are presented.The results show that it is important to consider the specific configurations of the tensioner and TTRs,which may lead to obviously different response behaviors,compared with those from a simplified model.

Design and Analysis of Typical Buoyancy Tank Riser Tensioner Systems

为一个快活坦克起床人 tensioner 系统(BTRTS ) 的设计和分析的方法在这份报纸被提出，拿象一个例子的自由站的混合起床人顶快活坦克。设计过程被讨论并且也在一个流程图被说明，在对快活坦克(BT ) 的不同类型的全球安排，结构配置，和功能的短描述以后。这份报纸的目的是描述与分隔空间的最小的水疗院力量，最大的网电梯，和没有冗余性开发 BT 的一个方法。决定 BT 的主要尺寸的方法，也就是长度和外部直径，被构画出。一系列调查在水动力学上为长度的比率的一个韦斯特非洲 FSHR BT 图案，和效果被进行到外部直径(L/D ) ， BT 的重量被讨论。设计 BT 的内部结构的方法论被介绍。分隔空间和 BT 重量和力量上的内部茎的尺寸的数字的效果被比较。在内部结构和 BT 以及起床人顶紧张因素(TTF ) 的最重要的索引之间的关系与至少一分隔空间为正常操作条件和条件被说明(或内部茎) 损坏。当 L/D 是 46 时，一个设计例子在这份报纸被给， BT 重量和 drag 力量被损害。当 BT 被划分成 10 分隔空间时，起床人 TTF 将到达最大的价值，并且到壳 OD 的茎 OD 的比率是大约 0.3。BT 和主要负担盒子矩阵的一个全球力量分析方法也在报纸被包括，和快活坦克垫眼睛集会的本地力量分析。

多频参激—涡激联合作用下顶张力立管分岔分析

复杂海洋环境中,顶张力立管顶部平台受到不同分量叠加的波浪作用,导致其轴向张力与多个频率相关,系统产生多频参激与涡激的联合振动,其动力学行为变得更为复杂,尤其是分岔和混沌等非线性振动特性有待进一步分析。首先,基于欧拉—伯努利梁理论,引入范德波尔尾流振子,建立和推导受多频参激—涡激联合作用下立管的动力学模型及其运动微分方程;接着,利用伽辽金法得到离散后的常微分方程组,采用多尺度法得到系统共振响应的调谐方程;最后,通过数值算例探究系统在多源和多频载荷联合作用下的共振响应。结果表明:对于多频参数激励,其中一个参数激励幅值在立管振动中起主导作用,而另一个会引起分岔的位置、数量和性质发生改变;随质量—阻尼参数增大,系统共振响应幅值整体先增大后减小,各分岔点出现的位置整体先向泄涡频率较大处移动,随后向泄涡频率较小处移动;质量—阻尼参数的变化还可能诱使系统发生倍周期分岔和混沌现象,危害结构安全。此外,采用直接数值积分求解微分方程组,验证近似分析结果,两者吻合较好。

不同流场下含内流立管涡激振动响应特性及Coriolis力效应研究

细长结构物在海洋来流作用下会发生涡激振动(vortex-induced vibration, VIV),涡激振动是海洋立管疲劳损伤的主要诱因之一。立管实际工作过程中内部输送油气,产生惯性力、科氏力(Coriolis力)和离心力,使得立管的动力响应变得更为复杂。基于含内流立管涡激振动响应时域预报模型,分别计算了在均匀流和剪切流下含内流立管涡激振动响应,并分析了机理较为复杂的科氏力作用。结果表明:均匀外流下内流会降低立管的固有频率,增大响应幅值;剪切外流下内流会激发出更高阶的模态响应。均匀外流下,科氏力在一定区域内固定做正功或负功,分别引起均方根位移的增大或减小;剪切外流下,科氏力使得立管顶部区域均方根位移升高,中部区域均方根位移降低。内流速度越大,科氏力效应越显著。

液压式张紧器对顶张力立管静动力响应的影响

为准确了解张紧器对立管静动力响应的影响以及处理传统分析时立管顶部简化处理的问题,本文充分考虑张紧器的作用,基于向量式有限元(VFIFE)法建立立管动力学模型,研究张紧器对立管静动力响应的影响以及对平台运动传递的规律。研究结果表明:本文建立的立管动力学分析模型能够有效考虑张紧器的影响;海流作用下立管的静力分析中,张紧器能提供更大的顶张力,从而减小立管的横向位移以及最大弯矩;波浪以及平台作用下的动态分析中,张紧器对平台纵荡的传递影响较小,对垂荡的补偿效应明显,补偿后的立管顶端位移远远小于平台运动幅值,并且在张紧器对顶部平台运动的缓冲作用下立管的位移和弯矩受平台运动影响不大。因此在分析中考虑张紧器对平台运动的传递补偿作用能更准确合理地施加顶张力以及平台运动,从而能更加有效的预测立管的响应。

海洋平台垂荡作用下立管的非线性涡激振动特性研究

立管是海洋工程中常用的一种典型细长体结构物,研究立管在海洋平台垂荡和内外流体共同作用下的非线性动力学特性具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。本文采用Hamilton原理和Galerkin方法建立了顶张力立管的二维非线性动力学模型,将平台垂荡运动模拟为随时间变化的顶端张力,研究海洋平台运动和立管非线性涡激振动的耦合位移响应。研究结果显示,增加顶张力可以改变结构的固有频率,在可变张力作用下,立管的位移响应在相邻模态之间可以相互转换。通过与已有实验数据进行对比,验证了本文分析方法和数值计算结果的合理性。本文研究结果可为海洋立管的非线性涡激振动分析提供理论参考。

基于小波变换的顶张力立管涡激振动规律实验研究

为研究顶张力立管在海流作用下的涡激振动规律,在大型波浪流水槽中进行涡激振动模型实验。实验中立管竖直固定于实验支架上,外部承受不同速度的流体作用,上端施加变化的顶张力。立管模型上均匀布置六个测点,根据每个测点布置的两个应变计,分别测得来流向和横向两个方向振动响应。通过小波变换方法对实验数据进行时间频域分析,得到立管涡激振动频率和振动幅值以及来流向与横向的耦合振动规律,考察顶张力变化对立管自振频率以及涡激振动的影响。

海洋立管涡激振动模型的实验验证

考虑内流作用利用功能原理建立顶张力立管涡激振动响应数值模型,采用尾流振子模型模拟涡激振动升力,利用Hermit插值函数将其离散得到立管振动响应的矩阵方程形式,运用Newmark-β法在时域内迭代求解其动力响应。在山东省海洋工程重点实验室进行了阶段流作用下的大长细比海洋立管涡激振动试验,对比数值模拟和试验结果表明该模型对于考虑内流作用的大长细比海洋立管涡激振动响应预报是有效的,为深水立管涡激振动研究提供一定的借鉴。

不同频率比时立管两向涡激振动及疲劳分析

考虑四种不同频率比(流向荷载频率/横向荷载频率)情况下,立管两向涡激振动的幅值和疲劳的变化。结果表明:较低频率比且低约化速度条件下,流向自由度对横向振动具有一定的抑制作用;当6.3<约化速度<8.0时,考虑顺流向振动时横向振动幅值明显增加。随着频率比的增加,顺流向振动对横向振动的影响逐渐减弱。横向振动对顺流向振动的影响在四种情况下均较为显著,考虑横向振动时顺流向振动幅值急剧增大。两向自由度涡激振动的疲劳在低频率比时明显高于单自由度时的疲劳;顺流向振动疲劳随着频率比的增大受横向振动的影响越来越明显。

考虑浮体升沉及张紧环运动深海立管固有振动特性研究

研究深海顶张力立管(TTR)的固有振动特性。通过考虑两种不同的分析模型,研究沿水深变化的轴力以及张紧环运动对于立管固有振动频率和振型的影响。考虑立管顶端动边界条件及立管轴力随水深变化,提出了计算深水顶张力立管固有振动频率的方法,给出考虑浮体升沉及张紧环运动时顶张力立管的固有振动特性。结果表明,考虑变轴力和张紧环的影响是计算立管固有频率需要考虑的;立管浮体的运动,导致立管频率显著变化,从而改变立管的共振特性。

深水钻井隔水管顶张力计算方法

通过隔水管受力分析,提出了既能保证隔水管稳定性又能满足底部过提力要求的深水钻井隔水管顶张力计算方法,以南中国海某超深水井为例对其进行验证,并与两种常用计算方法进行了对比。基于管柱力学原理,分析了真实轴向力与有效轴向力对隔水管力学行为的影响,结果表明:真实轴向力决定隔水管底部对隔水管总成的拉力,有效轴向力决定隔水管稳定性。通过隔水管在内、外压作用下的受力分析,建立相应的力学模型,推导出新的顶张力计算方法,弥补了美国石油协会(API)算法和法国石油学院算法的不足。现场应用实例分析结果表明:采用该方法计算的顶张力设置值与现场实际作业时顶张力值基本一致,且计算结果优于API算法及法国石油学院算法的计算结果,可以用于指导隔水管设计及施工。

基于向量式有限元的深水顶张力立管动力响应分析

向量式有限元法亦称有限质点法是以向量式力学与数值计算为基础的一种结构行为分析的创新性方法。该方法将结构离散为一系列质点的集合,质点间采用单元连接,单元没有质量,只承受内力,质点的运动则直接采用牛顿第二定律来表达,采用中央差分的显式积分法求解质点群各时刻运动方程。首次将该方法应用于顶张力立管的动力行为分析中,采用平面弯曲杆件元模拟质点间的相互作用力,推导了立管质点运动公式,编制相应Matlab求解程序,计算了立管在海流、波浪作用下的动力响应特性并与基于传统有限元法的结果进行了对比分析,表明该方法在立管行为分析中的正确和有效性,并指出了该方法在处理其它立管形式行为分析中的优势。

深海立管涡激共振疲劳寿命简化计算方法

针对深海顶端张紧式立管固有的特点,采用解析与经验公式相结合的方法建立了海洋立管涡激振动下疲劳寿命的简化预报模型,该模型能充分计及轴向张力对振型的变化以及对疲劳寿命的影响,通过实例计算指出了深海立管涡激振动诱发疲劳破坏的危险区域,并讨论了流速对疲劳寿命的影响。该模型形式简洁、计算量少,适合对深海立管等细长挠性受拉构件的疲劳寿命进行初步校核计算。