A randomized controlled trial of topical tea tree preparation for MRSA colonized wounds

Background:The prevalence of MRSA(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)colonized wounds in home care residents is expected to grow continuously as a result of the substantial proportion of older people requiring institutionalized care due to chronic disease and declining functional status,which contribute to more frequent skin breakdown and wound formation.Tea tree oil has been claimed to have anti-bacterial,analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects that have been suggested in many in-vitro studies to have good efficacy against MRSA.The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of 10%topical tea tree preparation to eradicateMRSA and to ascertain its influence on wound healing forMRSA-colonized wounds.Methods:It was a randomized controlled trial,single-blind study.Those with stage II or above MRSA-colonized wounds and who had given their informed consent formed the sample.The determined sample sizewasbasedonthe effect size of our previouspilot study,whichwas 0.46.Five outcome measurements were taken for the MRSA bacterial count and wound healing condition at baseline and at 1-week intervals during the 4-week dressing intervention period.Results:Thirty-two participants were recruited from two non-government nursing homes,16 in the control group and 16 in the tea tree oil group.The control group residents received routine saline gauze dressing,while the tea tree oil group residents received the 10%topical tea tree preparation dressing.In the tea tree oil group,all chronic wounds that had previously been delayed in healing were healed within 28 days without adverse reaction.MRSA was also completely eradicated in 14(87.5%)out of 16 wounds in the group receiving the 10%topical tea tree preparation.

Control of pain with topical plant medicines

Pain is normally treated with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and opioids. These drugs are dangerous and are responsible for many hospitalizations and deaths. It is much safer to use topical preparations made from plants to treat pain, even severe pain. Topical preparations must contain compounds that penetrate the skin, inhibit pain receptors such as transient receptor potential cation channels and cyclooxygenase-2, to relieve pain. Inhibition of pain in the skin disrupts the pain cycle and avoids exposure of internal organs to large amounts of toxic compounds. Use of topical pain relievers has the potential to save many lives, decrease medical costs and improve therapy.

First Batch of Topics of “Key Technical Standard Promotion Project” tarted,270 Important National Standards or Professional Standards Will Be Prepared

At the first working meeting of the 'Key Technical Standard Promotion Project', an important project of the national scientific and technical support plan during the '11th Five Year' held recently in Beijing, the first group of 11 research topics for the 'Key Technical Standard Promotion Project' was formally introduced.……

整体备学与局部备学相统一:提升中职语文专题教学效应的保障

《中等职业学校语文课程标准(2020年版)》明确中等职业学校语文“课程内容”由3个模块共计15个专题组成,在“教材编写要求”中也要求中职语文“教材编写要以专题组织课程内容”。那么,在中职语文学科教学中,如何进行“专题教学”,是当前中职语文教师面临的困惑、迷茫和急需厘清的问题。以整体备学与局部备学相统一的教学方案预设形式,是解决专题教学中“整体”教学与“这一课时”教学两者实施方案设计间矛盾,提升中职语文专题教学成效的保障。

高中思想政治课议题式翻转课堂教学刍议

议题式翻转课堂教学法是翻转课堂与议题式教学法二者的结合,以新课程改革理念为指导,以有效培育学生核心素养为目标,以翻转课堂为手段,以议题贯穿课堂活动始终,强调通过师生间的合作和互动,鼓励学生分享想法,引导学生主动建构学科知识框架,树立正确的情感态度与价值观。教师在高中思想政治课教学中采用议题式翻转课堂教学法时,应在课前准备、课中实施、课后评价等环节进行精心设计和合理应用,以更好地培养学生的思想政治素养。

皮肤局部外用制剂体外透皮试验的评价研究

目的:汇总体外透皮试验(In Vitro Permeation Test,IVPT)的设计要求和评价方法,并以Excel中函数公式计算IVPT,助力评价皮肤局部外用制剂仿制药研发质量与疗效。方法:对比美国食品药品管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)、欧洲药品管理局(European Medicines Agency,EMA)、日本医药品医疗器械综合机构(Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency,PMDA)及国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration,NMPA)相关指导原则中IVPT设计要求及评价方法,并以Excel软件中函数公式计算IVPT,与SAS软件计算结果进行比较。结果:相比于EMA和PMDA对皮肤局部外用制剂仿制药IVPT的评价标准,FDA的评价标准更适合我们对仿制药IVPT进行评价,也较容易被我国药监部门所接受。体外透皮试验除皮肤膜选择PMDA推荐的大鼠、小鼠或猪等至少任何一种动物的腹部或背部外,其他设计可参考FDA指导原则相关建议。对于IVPT结果,Execl软件函数公式计算结果与SAS软件计算结果一致。结论:可优先采用FDA的皮肤局部外用制剂仿制药IVPT指导原则设计试验,并以其评价标准进行等效性评价。此外,本研究已验证Excel替代SAS软件准确计算IVPT,可用于判断皮肤局部外用制剂仿制药研发质量及生物等效性。

Formulation and Evaluation of Yemeni Potash Alum as Hydrophilic Topical Preparations against Candidiasis and Aspergillosis

Background:Skin and soft tissue infections are frequent.Candidiasis and Aspergillosis are the most common cutaneous fungal infections.Yemeni alum(Aluminium Potassium Sulphate)is a natural mineral with antifungal and antibacterial properties.Objective:This study aimed to confirm Yemeni alum’s antifungal effectiveness against selected fungal strains and develop useful topical formulations.Methods:Using different alum concentrations,we prepared twenty-three formulations,including four non-adjusted aqueous solutions,eight adjusted pH aqueous solutions,eight glycerite solutions,and three Oil/Water cream formulations.Then,we examined the antifungal activity against the suggested fungus.The animal skin irritation test evaluated the local skin sensitivity reactions that might happen upon using the formulations we pre-pared on the intact animal’s skin.Additionally,this study also included six weeks of stability testing to estimate the expected shelf life(t90)of the selected formulations.Results:Alum exerted antifungal effect against Candida albicans,Aspergillus niger,and Aspergillus flavus.The animal’s skin was not irritated by any of the formulations examined.The 5%alum aqueous solution and the 10%alum Oil/Water cream exhibited promising results among all tested formulations.The approximate formulation’s shelf-lives(t90)were 2 and 1.52 years with alum content(%)ranging between 105.75%to 106.02%,respectively.Conclusion:Based on the results we found,10%alum Oil/Water cream is a promising formulation for large-scale manufacture.

呼吸道吸入药物递送系统的研究进展

随着人口老龄化、吸烟人群年轻化以及空气污染严重化等诸多因素的影响,慢性呼吸道疾病发病率也逐年增多。在呼吸道疾病的治疗手段中,临床干预仍以药物治疗为主。然而,全身用药存在不良反应多及全身副作用大等弊端。近年来,呼吸道吸入药物递送系统的研发为呼吸道疾病的治疗手段带来了新的变革,局部递送药物可直接作用于气道,具有起效快、疗效好且副作用小等特点,对控制气道疾病起到十分显著的效果,是一种简单、高效、安全的治疗手段,业已成为当下研究及推广的热点方向。本文就国内外关于呼吸道吸入药物递送系统的发展轨迹及最新研究进展作一简要综述,以期为临床工作者在用药的选择和应用方面提供参考借鉴。

Recent progress of respiratory inhalation drug delivery systems

With the influence of many factors such as the aging of the population,the younger smokers,and the serious air pollution,the incidence of chronic respiratory diseases is increasing year by year.In the treatment of respiratory diseases,clinical intervention is still mainly based on drug control of pulmonary symptoms.However,systemic drugs have disadvantages such as many adverse reactions and severe systemic side effects.In recent years,the research and development of local drug delivery systems for the respiratory tract has brought new changes to the treatment of respiratory diseases.Locally delivered drugs can directly act on the airways and have the characteristics of fast onset,good curative effect and small side effects.It is a simple,efficient and safe treatment method,which has a very significant effect,and has become a hot topic of current research and promotion.This paper briefly reviews the development track and latest research progress of respiratory local drug delivery systems at home and abroad,in order to provide reference for clinical workers in drug selection and application.

苦参碱遥控释药胶囊近端小肠定点释放的药代动力学研究

目的研究苦参碱在健康志愿者近端小肠内定点释放后的药代动力学特征。方法用自主研制的遥控释药胶囊系统,将200mg苦参碱定位释放于志愿者的近端小肠内。用高效液相色谱法,以槐果碱为内标,甲醇-水-乙二胺(70∶30∶0.02)为流动相,测定志愿者血浆中苦参碱的含量。采用3p87程序计算药代动力学参数。结果近端小肠定点释放苦参碱的药代动力学符合二室开放模型,Cmax为10.52μg/ml,Tmax为2.08h,T1/2α和T1/2β分别为0.90h和9.02h,AUC(0-t)为91.90μg·h/ml。结论苦参碱在健康人近端小肠段定位释放后,小肠对苦参碱有明显的吸收且吸收过程呈二室模型分布。

专业英语教学改革与创新

对专业英语教学改革与创新进行了探讨,提出了将专业英语教学与毕业设计结合起来,通过选题、开题、答辩等形式,使学生学有目标、学有动力、学有所用,变以往的被动学习为主动学习,在英语的阅读理解能力以及语言表达能力等多方面得到锻炼。

几种医院外用中药制剂微生物限度检查方法的建立

目的:建立三黄膏等几种医院外用中药制剂微生物限度检查法。方法:测定几种医院外用中药制剂对5种验证菌株的回收率,并对控制菌的检查法进行验证。结果:回收率试验结果表明,硝硼散和养阴生肌散2种供试品试验菌的回收率均高于70%,证明无抑菌现象;湿疹膏、止痛膏和玉红膏有一定程度的抑菌作用,但可通过稀释法消除抑菌作用;三黄膏、青黛膏和铁箍膏的抑菌作用强,需采用离心集菌薄膜过滤法才能彻底消除其抑菌作用。结论:硝硼散和养阴生肌散可按常规方法进行微生物限度检查;湿疹膏、止痛膏和玉红膏按培养基稀释法进行微生物限度检查;三黄膏、青黛膏和铁箍膏则按离心集菌薄膜过滤法进行微生物限度检查。

蓖麻毒素温敏型凝胶间质化疗对H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠的影响

目的:探讨蓖麻毒素温敏型凝胶经皮瘤内注射间质化疗治疗小鼠H22肝癌的有效性及可行性。方法:采用色谱方法纯化蓖麻毒素,高效液相色谱法和蛋白印迹法进行纯度和性质鉴定。建立小鼠皮下移植肝癌模型,分为模型组、空白凝胶组、游离蓖麻毒素组、蓖麻毒素温敏型凝胶组,瘤体内注射相应药物。治疗后第15天,剥离肿瘤称取质量并计算抑瘤率;光学显微镜下观察肿瘤组织坏死情况;透射电子显微镜观察肿瘤组织细胞的超微结构变化及凋亡的形态学改变;分光光度计法检测肿瘤组织半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)活性;取血检测小鼠肝肾功能。结果:蓖麻毒素温敏型凝胶瘤体内注射间质化疗对小鼠肝肾功能无明显影响;局部给药一次抑瘤率达71.31%;光学显微镜观察结果提示,肿瘤组织大片坏死;透射电子显微镜观察结果显示肿瘤细胞染色质边集、凋亡小体形成等典型的凋亡形态学改变;肿瘤细胞caspase-3活性亦明显升高。结论:蓖麻毒素温敏型凝胶间质化疗可抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长,且具有较高的安全性。

外用药物制剂药品生产质量管理规范实施现状分析与研究

本文从外用药物制剂实施现状出发,通过在数据调研和大量文献收集的基础上,对从药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)的发展及其在我国的推行历史角度,分析并阐述了现阶段外用药物制剂GMP的实施状况,并对某制药集团属下25家药企实施2010版GMP的现状进行调查分析。由于历史发展的原因促使药品管理尚未完全规范以外,GMP标准的过时性和落后性影响了我国GMP工作的深入实施。只有保证了日常的GMP实施,才能有效地保证药品生产的高质量、低风险,有效地促进药品生产的质量保障,使药品真正达到国际水平,走向现代化、国际化。

高熵合金的发现和发展

高熵合金作为一种新型合金材料,打破了人们对合金的传统认知,其熵值高于传统合金,主要元素多达5种或5种以上,且各主元之间无溶剂溶质之分,并表现出一系列的优异性能.回顾高熵合金的发现及定义,基于元素组成和微观结构对高熵合金进行划分,列举常见的高熵合金制备方法及对应的已有研究成果,并根据已有报道的优异性能展望高熵合金的应用前景.

盐酸青藤碱缓释组合微丸的体内外相关性研究

目的对盐酸青藤碱缓释组合微丸不同释药速率(慢、中、快)在大鼠体内的药动学及其体内外相关性研究。方法释放度实验采用转篮法分别在两种介质中进行,采用RP-HPLC测定缓释组合微丸在大鼠体内的不同时间的血药浓度。利用统计矩原理对药动学数据进行分析。对体外平均释放时间和体内平均滞留时间建立相关性。结果缓释组合微丸具有明显的缓释特征,体外平均释放时间和体内平均滞留时间具有显著相关性(P=0.05),相关方程为MRTin vivo=3.855 9MDTin vitro-1.421,相关性较好,相关系数r=0.999 9(n=3)。结论统计矩原理适用于盐酸青藤碱缓释组合微丸的体内外相关性研究。

中药外用制剂在美容中的应用和功效

本文概述了中药祛痘乳膏、中药面膜、中药化妆水、中药香皂、中药牙膏等常见中药外用制剂在中药美容领域的应用,这些制剂分别具有保湿、增白、除皱、育发乌发、防腐和抗氧化、瘦身健美、防龋齿和防牙周炎、防治痤疮及皮肤炎症等功效。中药外用制剂在美容领域的应用广且功效多、安全性高,具有很好的发展前景。

讨论式教学法在高职教学中有效应用的研究

讨论式教学法是一种非常有效的教学法,但是由于部分教师对其了解甚少,在使用中不能充分发挥该教学法的作用。本文结合笔者的教学实践,对高职教学中有效应用讨论式教学法的五个环节进行了分析与研究。

中药外用制剂的传承与发展

中药外用制剂在我国传统医药中有悠久的应用历史,是中医药宝库中不可缺少的重要组成。近年来,随着国家的富强,政策的支持,中医药的发展正处于十分有利的时机,文章从中医外用制剂的类型、应用及现状深入探讨了中药外用制剂的传承与发展。笔者希望中药外用制剂能够被更好地挖掘、传承、保护、利用和发展。这是一个漫长的过程需要中医药人共同肩负。

中国跳水运动员备战伦敦奥运会赛前的心理准备

对参加2012年伦敦奥运会前济南集训的中国跳水队12名队员进行深入的半结构式访谈,把访谈录音逐字转化成文本,经运动员确认后,使用质性分析软件QSR Nvivo8对访谈结果进行归纳性内容分析。归纳出中国跳水运动员备战伦敦奥运会赛前心理准备的内容,共40个原始数据主题,进一步总结出14个高级主题,并且在14个高级主题的基础上得到4个概括性维度:日常生活规律,训练中的精神状态,对其他因素的认知,以及自由时间安排4个概括性维度。根据中国跳水运动员备战伦敦奥运会赛前心理准备的内容,开发奥运集训信息共享平台服务、训练基地心理综合调节室、重点运动员个性化心理干预、伦敦奥运会逆境应对心理手册及奥运比赛现场场景模拟训练等心理调节手段,从而为针对性的心理调节以及以后的备战提供参考和借鉴。