Determination of torasemide in human plasma and its bioequivalence study by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive and selective method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with elec- trospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-ESI-MS） to determine the concentration of tor- asemide in human plasma samples was developed and validated. Tolbutamide was chosen as the internal standard （IS）. The chromatography was performed on a GI Sciences Inertsil ODS-3 column （100 mm× 2.1 mm i.d., 5.0 μm） within 5 min, using methanol with 10 mM ammonium formate （60：40, v/ v） as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The targeted compound was detected in negative io- nization at m/z 347.00 for torasemide and 269.00 for IS. The linearity range of this method was found to be within the concentration range of 1-2500 ng/mL （r=0.9984） for torasemide in human plasma. The accuracy of this measurement was between 94.05% and 103.86%. The extracted recovery efficiency was from 84.20% to 86.47% at three concentration levels. This method was also successfully applied in pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies in Chinese volunteers.

Mechanism of Sodium aescinate combined with Torasemide for cerebral hemorrhage treatment

Objective:To observe the mechanism of Sodium aescinate combined with Torasemide for cerebral hemorrhage treatment and offer clinical help to cerebral hemorrhage treatment. Methods:86 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were selected and randomly divided into groups: the observation group (43 people) and the control group (43 people). The patient in the control group were treated with conventional therapy and the patients in the observation group were treated with Sodium aescinate combined with Torasemide on the basis of conventional therapy. Oxidative stress indexes [Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)], serum inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-2 (IL-2), C reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and hemorheology indexes [Hematokrit (PCV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte aggregation index (PAdT) and whole blood viscosity at high shear rate (WHV)] were detected and analyzed before and after treatment.Results:The comparison of oxidative stress indexes, serum inflammatory factors and hemorheology indexes in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), MDA and hemorheology indexes (WHV, PV, PCV and PAdT) in both groups after treatment significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (P<0.05);Oxidative stress index (GSH-Px, CAT, SOD and MDA) and IL-2 in both groups after treatment significantly increased compared with that before treatment (P<0.05). Serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), MDA and hemorheology indexes (WHV, PV, PCV and PAdT) in observation group after treatment decreased more significantly than that in control group (P<0.05), and oxidative stress index (GSH-Px, CAT, SOD and MDA) and IL-2 increased more significantly than that in control group (P<0.05).Conclusions:Sodium aescinate combined with Torasemide could decrease the oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, which is beneficial to improving the condition of circulating blood stasis, accelerating microcirculation. So it has a very important clinical significance of the treatment to cerebral hemorrhage.