The Rights to Claim for Industrial Injury Compensation and Tort Compensation are Applicable to the Law:Taking Fu and Li v.a Passenger Transport Company as an Example

In the case of third-party tort,due to the lack of clear and detailed provisions on the treatment of employee’s industrial injury insurance payment and tort damage compensation,the judicial theory and practice have brought many disputes.Through combing the current relevant laws and regulations,it can be found that the application of the two systems will lead to the overlapping of industrial injury compensation.This paper analyzes the problems arising from the concurrence of industrial injury compensation and tort compensation using the case of Fu and Li v.a passenger transport company,and puts forward some ideas and suggestions on how to improve the settlement measures of such cases.

The Development of Human Rights Protection in Cross-border Personality Rights and Tort Conflict Laws

Personality rights are basic rights related to human dignity in the concept of human rights protection,and respect for personality rights is the basic prerequisite for safeguarding other human rights.Human rights protection exerts a profound impact on the value of legislation and enforcement practices of private international laws in the field of cross-border personality rights infringement in various countries,which is mainly manifested in the integration of substantive justice and the humanistic care concept of protecting the rights of vulnerable groups into formal justice,and expands the development space of human rights protection ideas in cross-border personality rights and tort conflict laws.the diversity of human rights protection values determines that cross-border personality rights infringement may lead to conflicts between personality rights and other basic rights,such as freedom of speech.to reconcile such conflicts,a workable method is to prioritize personality rights protection in accordance with the hierarchy of rights theory in the value judgment of public order reservation or to clarify the limits of the right holder’s tolerance obligation through the limited application of the principle of proportionality.China’s current cross-border personality rights and tort conflict law can optimize the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups by diversifying the options of available legal methods,and establish a balancing mechanism between personality rights and freedom of speech,so as to improve China’s legal protection system for human rights in the field of foreign-related civil and commercial affairs.

一次屏蔽计算TORT程序源项生成方法研究

一次屏蔽计算对于评估工作人员的辐射剂量、确保反应堆压力容器(RPV)及堆内构件在整个反应堆寿期内的安全性、防止混凝土屏蔽体及其外部部件和结构被过度活化具有重要意义。本文推导了TORT程序三维源分布计算公式和源几何转换方法,编写了相应的程序模块,并在秦山一期、CAP1400和CAP1700计算模型上进行了验证和应用。结果表明,本文推导的理论模型和开发的程序是正确的,为后续提高一次屏蔽设计精度提供了基础。

“tort”和“infringement”的区别——从专利侵权行为的概念谈起

英文侵权行为领域的研究文献中,经常出现"infringement"和"tort"两个含义接近的词,我国学者把它们均译为"侵权"。有学者认为,"infringement"表示主观上不要求有过错的侵权行为类型,即为无过错责任侵权行为;"tort"表示主观上要求有过错的侵权行为类型,即过错责任侵权行为类型。文章通过考查美国相关文献对这两个词的用法发现,上述理解并不确切。在英美法系,"infringement"一词专用于知识产权侵权,"tort"一词泛指一切类型的侵权行为,"tort"与"infringement"并无区分责任构成要件的功能。

Study on the Tort Liability of Electronic Commerce Platform

Today,the rapid development of electronic commerce(E-commerce)has added a new driving force for China’s economic development.However,all kinds of legal problems have followed,such as uncontrolled production and sale of fake goods,frequent malicious complaints,endless unfair competition,and illegal infringement,which have harmed the legitimate interests of consumers and seriously damaged the market order and fair competition.In order to provide some theoretical and realistic reference for the development of China’s E-commerce industry,this paper focuses on the relevant problems in the field of“infringement”of E-commerce platforms for in-depth thinking,and puts forward suggestions for solving the existing problems based on the development status of E-commerce platforms.

Judicial Protection of Internet Privacy: Subject of Tort, Standard and Forms of Liability

As one of the basic human rights, and one confirmed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the right to privacy has been written into China’s General Principles of Civil Law and Tort Law. However, in judicial practice, there has been no unified standard in defining a tort of privacy, especially a tort of internet privacy. With the increasing popularity of the internet, torts of internet privacy are becoming more and more rampant and severe. Focusing on "internet hunts", a common tort of internet privacy, this paper examines how to affirm a tortious act of internet privacy, as well as forms of liability. It also expounds the practical judicial issues such as the object of prosecution trials.

Research on Relief Models of Mass Tort of Vaccine

Objective To solve the problem of the incomplete relief model for vaccine damage events in China,multiple models for large-scale vaccine damage events were established based on the cooperation of product liability,compulsory insurance and rescue funds.Methods Through case analysis and comparative research,the situation of liability sharing and relief of mass tort of vaccines was analyzed.Results and Conclusion At present,China should construct a multi-relief model of vaccine damage from the aspects of tort liability and social relief.In addition,after the construction of the relief system,it is necessary to distinguish between emergency situations and general situations to apply the priority of tort compensation and social relief systems in the specific implementation process.

Implement Constitutional Principles to Uncover Tort Cases——An interview with Wang Zhenchuan, deputy chief procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate

EDITOR'S NOTE: Since May 2004, the people's procuratorates in China have concentrated their efforts on uncovering cases of encroaching upon human rights by government functionaries by abusing their power. The move has aroused extensive attention. On this, our staff reporter interviewed Deputy Chief Procurator Wang Zhenchuan, who is in charge of the campaign against human rights violations.

The Third Party Liability of ISP Stipulated in Tort Law of the PRC

The development of third party liability system of Internet Service Provider in China has experienced three periods: the starting period,the transitional period and the forming period. As the law formulated in the forming period,Tort Law of the PRC has higher legal rank and wider regulation scope than former laws in this field. It balances public and private interests. It establishes unified regulations about third party liability of ISP in the field of basic law related to civil affairs. In application of Article 36 of Tort Law,it should be noticed that this article is liability component,and it defines only one form of infringement liability-contributory infringement. No classification of ISP is presented in this article.

机器人甲状腺手术相关并发症研究进展—TORT与BABA入路对比分析

近年来随着达芬奇手术系统的不断完善,机器人甲状腺手术已逐步在临床推广应用。与传统开放手术不同,机器人甲状腺手术多采用远程入路方式,具有3D高清放大视野、过滤手部颤动等诸多优势,其中最具代表性的入路方式为经口及经双侧乳晕腋窝入路。因二者入路方式不同,术中观察视角及术中操作顺序也不尽相同,故术后并发症发生比率及原因也存在较大差异。本文统计机器人甲状腺手术开展至今经口及经双侧乳晕腋窝入路报道术后并发症的文献,重点围绕两种入路下共有的喉返神经损伤、甲状旁腺功能减退等5种常见并发症进行对比总结分析,为机器人甲状腺手术更加规范化开展提供理论支持。

MCNP-TORT屏蔽校核高保真几何转换方法研究

重要的屏蔽设计需要采用多种屏蔽计算方法进行校核对比。离散纵标方法与蒙特卡罗方法对于同一复杂屏蔽结构的几何构建方法不同,导致屏蔽校算容易出现较大差异。研究了一种MCNP-TORT屏蔽校核计算中的高保真几何转换方法,通过实现MCNP计算方案和TORT计算方案中几何建模的自动化相互转换,确保两种方法几何建模的差异最小化。分析结果表明,对于典型反应堆压力容器尺度的屏蔽计算,当离散纵标单元网格达到横剖面130×130规模时,与蒙特卡罗计算因几何差异导致的计算结果偏差小于5%。研究表明,使用自动化高保真几何转换方法能够提升MCNP-TORT屏蔽校核计算的准确性。

数智审计法律责任的适用困境与纾解展望

审计行业积极推动审计数智化转型,将以数字化和智能化为特征的人工智能系统应用于审计活动。人工智能系统的复杂性、自主性和不透明性,可能使现行审计侵权责任制度面临责任主体界定、归责原则适用以及过失认定三方面的困境。破解困境的逻辑起点应是明确人工智能系统的法律客体地位,在对人工智能系统审计造成损害进行归责时,将侵权责任压实至会计师事务所,并沿用过错推定原则以减轻受损投资者的举证负担。数智审计新形势下,对审计人员的过失判断标准应有所变革,适度提升其注意义务标准,以与审计准则预期变动相协调,以审计人员所能提供的仍是一种合理保证为前提,构建以整体审计人员共有的一般理性为基准的新判定标准。

侵害商业秘密民刑交叉案件法律适用重难点研究

实现对商业秘密宽严相济的保护,需要澄清商业秘密民刑交叉的重难点问题。首先是实体问题:民事法与刑事法认定侵害行为成立时,原则上应对相关构成要件的内涵持一致理解,刑事法仅可在客观方面、主观方面作出一些限缩。民事法与刑事法认定侵害行为造成损害时,存在一定区别,需要从刑事法角度,独立考量民事法的规则是否能在刑事诉讼中适用,但在刑事诉讼能认定的损害,民事诉讼也能认定,是民事损害的底线。其次是程序问题:民事诉讼采用举证义务转移规则,刑事诉讼采用犯罪事实清楚,证据确实、充分规则,两者不相互排斥;“民刑并行”不存在根本性问题,反而可构建层次分明、作用不同的商业秘密保护体系,发挥民事诉讼与刑事诉讼各自优势。最后是在先裁判约束力上:就在先刑事裁判对在后民事诉讼的约束力,应区分刑事裁判的裁判主文、主要及定罪案件事实、主要及定罪案件事实所依赖的证据,形成具有梯度的约束力;就在先民事裁判对在后刑事诉讼的约束力,民事裁判对刑事诉讼的约束力较弱,刑事诉讼应按照刑事诉讼自身的法律标准,审查民事裁判所确定的案件事实、所依赖的证据是否应当采纳。

恶意民事诉讼侵权行为与损害赔偿责任

恶意民事诉讼是指当事人没有诉权或者超出合法诉权范围,故意提起民事诉讼,意图实现侵害对方当事人或者第三人民事权益非法目的的一般侵权行为,包括恶意诉讼、滥用诉权和虚假诉讼三种类型。恶意民事诉讼是一般侵权行为,在《民法典》侵权责任编不必作特别规定,直接适用《民法典》第1165条第1款规定的侵权行为一般条款即可。《民事案件案由规定》“侵权责任纠纷”项下的第三级案由和第四级案由没有规定“恶意民事诉讼责任纠纷”案由,可以直接适用第二级案由即“侵权责任纠纷”确定案由。恶意民事诉讼侵权责任构成应当依照《民法典》第1165条第1款规定并结合恶意民事诉讼的特点认定,损害赔偿责任应当依照《民法典》第1184条、第1182条和第1183条第1款等规定的方法确定。

《民法典》第1222条(诊疗过错推定)评注

《民法典》第1222条系对医疗机构存在诊疗过错的法律推定,患者可以通过证明医疗机构存在本条规定的行为,来代替对“未尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务”的证明。在推定医疗机构存在诊疗过错后,诊疗过错的客观举证责任就转移至医疗机构。若医疗机构证明“尽到了与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务”,则可推翻该推定。本条第1项中的“诊疗规范”是该项所指的实质内容,法律、行政法规、规章以及其他规定均为诊疗规范的载体。诊疗规范是指管理、规范和指引疾病诊断、治疗的规范,其载体除了本条列举的法律规定外,还包括国务院卫生主管部门制定的技术标准与操作规范,全国性行业协(学)会制定的标准、规程、规范、制度以及药品说明书。本条第2项、第3项从实体法上讲是对《民法典》第1225条所规定义务的严重违反,从诉讼法上讲则是证明妨碍行为。该两项病历资料的范围与第1225条所称病历资料的范围一致,但仅限定于“与纠纷有关”的病历资料。“隐匿”“拒绝提供”“遗失”“伪造”“篡改”“违法销毁”均有其规范含义,除文义中体现的主体要件、主观要件和行为要件外,适用本条第2项、第3项推定诊疗过错还要满足结果要件及因果关系要件。

我国环境污染第三方治理中的侵权责任研究

环境污染第三方治理模式的建立,是生态环境保护、提高环境污染治理效率、实现环境治理现代化的重要保障。新事物的发展与现有法律规范之间定会产生如何衔接的问题。通过对环境污染第三方治理中侵权责任承担的分析,可以发现存在分担不均衡、构成要件不明确的现状,认为原因在于共同侵权认定无标准、违法性要件缺失等,影响着环境污染第三方治理模式设立目标的实现。因此,应当在完善并明确相关法律规范的基础上,明确环境污染第三方治理中共同侵权如何界定,确立违法性为侵权责任认定的构成要件,完善环境污染第三方治理中的侵权责任制度。

多点远程执业模式对医师注意义务认定的挑战及其回应

多点远程执业模式以医师为主体,通过互联网技术为注册医师多点、线上执业提供了可能,但也对医师注意义务的认定带来挑战。在多点远程执业模式下,法律关系由简单变得复杂,诊疗场景由单一转向多变,主观医疗过错的判定由相对容易变得较为困难。在这种情况下,医患关系的成立节点、医师在不同情境下的具体诊疗义务以及各主体之间的责任分配规则等问题需要重新思考。医患关系是否存在之认定应以是否接受诊疗为关键判断因素,远程诊疗下应扩张解释医师的亲自诊查义务。各主体之间的责任分配以合同作为主要判断依据,如果不存在合同,则需要根据民法典中相关规定进行确定。

药源性交叉过敏医疗纠纷分析及其处方审核策略研究

目的 分析药源性医疗纠纷交叉过敏相关案例的规律与特点,为交叉过敏处方审核策略的制定提供参考。方法 对2010年8月—2023年6月录入北京盈科律师事务所法律文书数据库或中国裁判文书网数据库中交叉过敏相关医疗损害责任纠纷案例的判决书进行分析,汇总分析相关纠纷的原因并制定较为全面的应对措施。结果 共检索到符合标准的判决书7份。导致交叉过敏的药物主要为抗菌药物(青霉素类、头孢菌素类及磺胺类)。7例医疗纠纷法院均判决医方因交叉过敏存在医疗过错,需承担30%~80%的赔偿责任;判罚理由主要为医方对患者的既往过敏史关注不足、选择药物不合理。结论医疗机构可利用信息化的手段降低交叉过敏发生风险,并发挥药师在处方审核与药学服务中的作用。医师应重视患者既往过敏史,切实询问,加强用药教育及监护,减少不良反应对患者造成的生命安全威胁及相关用药纠纷,保障医患双方合法权益。

数字平台“守门人”引入问题研究

数字平台治理规则滞后已经成为了国民经济发展中的重要问题。我国现有数字平台的规则,主要表现为私法和竞争法两条路径,无法同时满足消费者权益保护和中小企业竞争两方面要求。引入数字平台守门人制度,符合纠正竞争政策失灵、强化公平竞争理念与大国竞争策略。中国在构建“数字守门人”时,应该依据数字市场的客观运行规律建立程序性问责体系,同时对于违法守门人要追究连带责任,从而保护消费者与中小竞争者的合法权益。

我国民用无人机货运侵权风险及防范策略研究

无人机货运方兴未艾,安全问题是民用无人机货运过程中不可回避的问题。为了解决无人机货运面临的安全问题,确定无人机货运侵权责任的担责主体、归责原则以及责任承担方式,完善无人机货运领域的相关法律规定,提出相应的侵权风险防范策略是本次研究的主要目的。通过比较研究法、法经济学“成本—收益”模型,区分无人机一方侵权、第三人致损、无人机产品缺陷的三类情况,提出货运无人机之间、无人机与传统有人驾驶航空器之间采用过错责任归责原则,货运无人机对地面第三人致损采用无过错归责原则,并在遵循中国自身独特的历史经验的同时完善《民用航空法》相关规定,严格落实货运无人机注册登记制度、打造第三方监管平台、把控货运无人机机长驾驶资质、实行货运无人机航空保险制度,为无人机货运的可持续发展保驾护航。