Total Energy Expenditure of 16 Chinese Young Men Measured by the Doubly Labeled Water Method

Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h estimate energy requirements of the subjects. years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were and basal energy expenditure （BEE） was determined activity, energy balance and factorial approach to Results TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 M J/day （2258±180 kcal/day）. The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 M J/day （2582±136 kcal/day）. The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 M J/day （2373±315 kcal/day）. The BEE of 6.65±0.28 M J/day （1589±67 kcal/day）, calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher （P〈O.O01） than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99-±0.66 M J/day （1433-±158 kcal/day）. The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31-±0.43 M J/day （2463±104 kcal/day）. Conclusion The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake （RNI）, suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.

Comparison of heart rate monitoring with indirect calorimetry for energy expenditure evaluation

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare established methods with newly-developed methods for estimating the total energy expenditure(TEE). Methods:The study subjects comprised 46 individuals,including 16 middle-aged men(mean age 51.4 years),14 middle-aged women(mean age 49.9 years) and 16 young women(mean age 19.1 years).The TEE was estimated from 24-h heart rate(HR) data using newly-developed software (MoveSense HRAnalyzer 201 la,RC1.Suunto Oy,Vantaa,Finland),and was compared against the TEE determined using doubly labeled water (DLW).Agreement between the two methods was analyzed using Bland and Altman plots. Results:The HR method yielded similar TEE values as the DLW method at the group level,with an average of 8.6 kcal/day in the difference in the mean,but with large individual variations.Forty-four(96%) out of 46 subjects fell within±2SD of the mean difference in TEE comparisons, and there was no tendency towards under- or over-estimation. Conclusion:Our results indicate that the current software using HR analysis for the estimation of daily TEE needs further development for use with free-living individuals.

Measurement of the Thermic Effect of Food in a Chinese Mixed Diet in Young People

Objective To determine the thermic effect of food(TEF)in a Chinese mixed diet in young people.Methods During the study,the participants were weighed and examined for body composition every morning.The total energy expenditure(TEE)of the participants was measured by the doubly labeled water method for 7 days,and during this period,basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity energy expenditure was measured by an accelerometer.The value obtained by subtracting basal energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure from TEE was used to calculate TEF.Results Twenty healthy young students(18–30 years;10 male)participated in the study.The energy intake of the participants was not significantly different from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake of energy(P>0.05).The percentage of energy from protein,fat and carbohydrate were all in the normal range.The intakes of fruits,milk and dietary fiber of the participants were significantly lower than those in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the body weight of the participants during the experiment(P>0.05).When adjusted for body weight,there was no significant difference in either TEE or basal energy expenditure between the male and female participants(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in physical activity energy expenditure and TEF between the male and female participants(P>0.05).The percentage of TEF in TEE was 8.73%.Conclusion The percentage of TEF in TEE in a Chinese mixed diet in young people was significantly lower than 10%(P<0.001).A value of 10%is usually considered to be the TEF in mixed diets as a percentage of TEE.