The occurrence and accumulation of total mercury (T-Hg) in sediments collected from the Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB),the Lhasa River,the Niyang River and the Palongzangbu River were analyzed and the soil samples simult...The occurrence and accumulation of total mercury (T-Hg) in sediments collected from the Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB),the Lhasa River,the Niyang River and the Palongzangbu River were analyzed and the soil samples simultaneously collected from the bank were employed as control.Meanwhile,pollution status and potential ecological risk of Hg were calculated and assessed using index of geoaccumulation ( I geo ) and potential ecological risk assessment method (Er) in this study.The results showed that the T-Hg concentrations in sediments at eight sections of YLZB ranged from 4.23 to 48.1 μg/kg with mean concentration of 25.1 μg/kg,which was higher than background Hg value of soils in Tibet.T-Hg concentrations in sediments at three typical segments of YLZB were all significantly higher than those in soils collected from its bank (P<0.05).The Igeo and E r indexes revealed that the T-Hg pollution levels were slight pollution in two sections and moderate ecological risk in six sections of YLZB.Hg pollution risks also existed in the sediments of partial sections of the Lhasa River and the Niyang River,and slightly moderate Hg contamination with high ecological risk was presented in Lhasa urban district.The level of Hg in sediments of YLZB showed a notable spatial distribution characteristic with a trend of increasing firstly and then declining.Human activities played an important role in increasing Hg content in sediments of the river.展开更多
In past few decades,climate has manifested numerous shifts in its trend.Various natural and anthropogenic factors have influenced the dynamics and the trends of climate change at longer time scale.To understand the lo...In past few decades,climate has manifested numerous shifts in its trend.Various natural and anthropogenic factors have influenced the dynamics and the trends of climate change at longer time scale.To understand the long term climate fluctuations,we have analyzed forty years(1978-2018)data of ten climatic parameters that are responsible to influence the climate dynamics.The parameters involved in the present study are total solar irradiance(TSI),ultra violet(UV)index,cloud cover,carbon dioxide(CO2)abundances,multivariate(ENSO)index,volcanic explosivity index(VEI),global surface temperature(GST)anomaly,global sea ice extent,global mean sea level and global precipitation anomaly.Using the above mentioned climate entities;we have constructed a proxy index to study the quantitative measure of the climate change.In this process these indicators were aggregated to a single proxy index as global climate index(GCI)that has measured the strength of present climate change in semblance with the past natural variability.To construct GCI,the principal component analysis(PCA)has been used on yearly based data for the period 1978-2018.Actually PCA is a statistical tool with which we can reduce the dimensionality of the data and it retains most of the variation in the new data set.Further,we have confined our study to natural climate drivers and anthropogenic climate drivers.Our result has indicated that the strongest climate change has been occurred globally by the end of the year 2018 in comparison to late 1970’s natural variability.展开更多
基金Supported by Investigation on Fishery Resources and Environment in Key Waters of TibetSpecial Scientific Research Projects of Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)(201503108)
文摘The occurrence and accumulation of total mercury (T-Hg) in sediments collected from the Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB),the Lhasa River,the Niyang River and the Palongzangbu River were analyzed and the soil samples simultaneously collected from the bank were employed as control.Meanwhile,pollution status and potential ecological risk of Hg were calculated and assessed using index of geoaccumulation ( I geo ) and potential ecological risk assessment method (Er) in this study.The results showed that the T-Hg concentrations in sediments at eight sections of YLZB ranged from 4.23 to 48.1 μg/kg with mean concentration of 25.1 μg/kg,which was higher than background Hg value of soils in Tibet.T-Hg concentrations in sediments at three typical segments of YLZB were all significantly higher than those in soils collected from its bank (P<0.05).The Igeo and E r indexes revealed that the T-Hg pollution levels were slight pollution in two sections and moderate ecological risk in six sections of YLZB.Hg pollution risks also existed in the sediments of partial sections of the Lhasa River and the Niyang River,and slightly moderate Hg contamination with high ecological risk was presented in Lhasa urban district.The level of Hg in sediments of YLZB showed a notable spatial distribution characteristic with a trend of increasing firstly and then declining.Human activities played an important role in increasing Hg content in sediments of the river.
基金AB is thankful to University Grants Commission(UGC),India for proving partial financial support(National Fellowship).
文摘In past few decades,climate has manifested numerous shifts in its trend.Various natural and anthropogenic factors have influenced the dynamics and the trends of climate change at longer time scale.To understand the long term climate fluctuations,we have analyzed forty years(1978-2018)data of ten climatic parameters that are responsible to influence the climate dynamics.The parameters involved in the present study are total solar irradiance(TSI),ultra violet(UV)index,cloud cover,carbon dioxide(CO2)abundances,multivariate(ENSO)index,volcanic explosivity index(VEI),global surface temperature(GST)anomaly,global sea ice extent,global mean sea level and global precipitation anomaly.Using the above mentioned climate entities;we have constructed a proxy index to study the quantitative measure of the climate change.In this process these indicators were aggregated to a single proxy index as global climate index(GCI)that has measured the strength of present climate change in semblance with the past natural variability.To construct GCI,the principal component analysis(PCA)has been used on yearly based data for the period 1978-2018.Actually PCA is a statistical tool with which we can reduce the dimensionality of the data and it retains most of the variation in the new data set.Further,we have confined our study to natural climate drivers and anthropogenic climate drivers.Our result has indicated that the strongest climate change has been occurred globally by the end of the year 2018 in comparison to late 1970’s natural variability.
