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Relationships among the Stem,Aboveground and Total Biomass across Chinese Forests 被引量:4
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作者 Dong-Liang Cheng Gen-Xuan Wang +2 位作者 Tao Li Qing-Long Tang Chun-Mei Gong 《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第11期1573-1579,共7页
Forest biomass plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. In the present study, a general allometric model was derived to predict the relationships among the stem biomass Ms, aboveground biomass MA and total biomass... Forest biomass plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. In the present study, a general allometric model was derived to predict the relationships among the stem biomass Ms, aboveground biomass MA and total biomass MT, based on previously developed scaling relationships for leaf, stem and root standing biomass. The model predicted complex scaling exponents for MT and/or MA with respect to Ms. Because annual biomass accumulation in the stem, root and branch far exceeded the annual increase in standing leaf biomass, we can predict that MT ∝MA ∝ Ms as a simple result of the model. Although slight variations existed in different phyletic affiliations (i.e. conifers versus angiosperms), empirical results using Model Type Ⅱ (reduced major axis) regression supported the model's predictions. The predictive formulas among stem, aboveground and total biomass were obtained using Model Type I (ordinary least squares) regression to estimate forest biomass. Given the low mean percentage prediction errors for aboveground (and total biomass) based on the stem biomass, the results provided a reasonable method to estimate the biomass of forests at the individual level, which was insensitive to the variation in local environmental conditions (e.g. precipitation, temperature, etc.). 展开更多
关键词 aboveground biomass ALLOMETRY forest isometric scaling plant biomass allocation patterns stem biomass total biomass.
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Total Volume and Aboveground Biomass Models for <i>Juniperus procera</i>Plantation in Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia 被引量:1
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作者 Tekleweini Gereslassie Ababo Workineh +2 位作者 Goitom Takele Muhamed Adem Leakemariam Berhe 《Open Journal of Forestry》 2019年第2期89-108,共20页
Species specific allometric equations are important for estimation and quantification of net volume and aboveground biomass of living trees. This study was basically focused on fitting total volume and aboveground bio... Species specific allometric equations are important for estimation and quantification of net volume and aboveground biomass of living trees. This study was basically focused on fitting total volume and aboveground biomass models for Juniperus procera plantations in Wondo Genet, Sidama Zone, Ethiopia. Data for fitting the total volume and aboveground biomass models were obtained by destructively sampling of trees from the ten diameter classes of the Juniperus procera plantation in the study area. A total of one hundred ten and fifty-one trees were destructively sampled to fit six total volume and six aboveground biomass models respectively. After important measurements of parameters have completed, model performance evaluation and selecting of best fit models were undertaken using standard error of estimates (SEE), coefficient of determination (R2), bias (B) and mean of the absolute value of errors (MAE). Accordingly, the total volume model Vt = -5.466 + 0.959Dbh0.005H003 and aboveground biomass model of B = 0.348Dbh0.57H0.032 were found to be the best predictive models for total tree volume and aboveground biomass respectively. In addition to the above results, diameter at breast height and total tree height data obtained from 69 circular sample plots of 0.01 ha area drawn from the plantation were used to estimate the total volume and aboveground biomass per hectare BEF which was estimated to be 0.64 Mg/m3. Generally, the selected models and computed BEF in this study are believed to be applied by different organisations and researches to estimate the total volume and aboveground biomass of the J. procera. 展开更多
关键词 biomass Expansion Factor biomass MODELS total VOLUME MODELS JUNIPERUS procera
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Biomass Prediction Equation for Colophospermum mopane (Mopane) in Botswana
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作者 Patrick S. Mutakela Joyce P. Lepetu +2 位作者 Gofaone Rammotokara Melusi Rampart Sarah Assem Ibrahim 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2023年第6期1-22,共22页
This study aimed to develop a biomass equation for estimating the total above-ground biomass for Colophospermum mopane (mopane) based on the pooled data from three study sites. The mopane woodlands in Botswana represe... This study aimed to develop a biomass equation for estimating the total above-ground biomass for Colophospermum mopane (mopane) based on the pooled data from three study sites. The mopane woodlands in Botswana represent 14.6% of Botswana’s total area. The woodlands directly or indirectly support the livelihood of the majority of the rural population by providing wood and non-wood products. However, there is limited information on the pattern, trends and distribution of woody biomass production and their primary, environmental, and climatic determinants in different parts of Botswana. All the data were collected by destructive sampling from three study sites in Botswana. Stratified random sampling was based on the stem diameter at breast height (1.3 m from the ground or Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)). A total of 30 sample trees at each study site were measured, felled and weighed. The data from the three sites were pooled together, and the study employed regression analysis to examine the nature of relationships between total above-ground biomass (dependent variable) and five independent variables: 1) total tree height;2) crown diameter;3) stem diameters at 0.15 m;1.3 m (DBH) and 3 m from the ground respectively. There were significant relationships between all the independent variables and the dependent variable. However, DBH emerged as the strongest predictor of total tree above-ground biomass for mopane. The equation lnBiomass=-1.163+2.190lnDBH was adopted for use in the indirect estimation of total tree above-ground biomass for mopane in Botswana. 展开更多
关键词 Botswana Colophospermum mopane Crown Diameter Stem Diameter total Above-Ground biomass
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Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass in the East China Sea 被引量:19
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作者 XUZhaoli CHAOMin CHENYaqu 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第2期337-346,共10页
On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997-2000 (23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'-128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass ... On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997-2000 (23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'-128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton biomass is 40.9 mg/m3. The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250-500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters ( 29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the abundance distribution of crustacean. The distribution of diet zooplankton is related to the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus and the high-density area of young fish and larval. In spring, the central fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus (>100 kg/h) and the high-density area of young fish and larval (>100 individuals per net) are located at the same place of high-density (100-250 mg/m3)area of diet zooplankton in the middle-southern part of East China Sea or the edge of its waters. 展开更多
关键词 ZOOPLANKTON total biomass diet biomass East China Sea fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus
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面向薄弱配电网的农村多能互补系统储能协同优化配置
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作者 董福贵 孟子航 +1 位作者 郗来昊 王小锋 《电力工程技术》 北大核心 2024年第5期13-26,共14页
位于配电网薄弱区域的农村常常存在供能可靠性不足的问题,导致接入大规模光伏的多能互补系统难以在此类地区广泛开展。储能系统作为新型能源系统融合的纽带,能够有效提升此类地区的供能可靠性。为此,文中提出一种面向薄弱配电网的农村... 位于配电网薄弱区域的农村常常存在供能可靠性不足的问题,导致接入大规模光伏的多能互补系统难以在此类地区广泛开展。储能系统作为新型能源系统融合的纽带,能够有效提升此类地区的供能可靠性。为此,文中提出一种面向薄弱配电网的农村多能互补系统(rural multi-energy complementary system,RMES)储能协同优化配置策略。首先,明确包含生物质废弃物能源转化系统的RMES架构。然后,以系统缺供损失成本作为评判依据,提出一种储能配置评价准则。最后,建立计及储能全生命周期成本的RMES多元储能协同优化配置模型。针对该模型的特性,将其解耦转化为包含规划-运行两阶段的双层优化模型,并采用粒子群算法和Gurobi求解器相结合的混合策略进行求解。算例分析表明,所提储能配置评价准则有效激发了RMES配置储能的积极性。此外,构建的多元储能协同配置模型使得RMES表现出更好的经济效益和环境效益,并且在提升系统运行可靠性方面具有优越性。 展开更多
关键词 农村多能互补系统(RMES) 薄弱配电网 储能配置 生物质利用 系统可靠性 储能全寿命周期成本
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Effects of Calcium Element on Biomass and Effective Constituents Contents in Blumea balsamifera in Slow Growth Period of Winter 被引量:1
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作者 王丹 马青松 +4 位作者 范佐旺 李小婷 宛骏 陈振夏 庞玉新 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第2期358-361,437,共5页
The one-year-old seedlings of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. were applied with CaCl2.H2O that supplied Ca in slow growth period of winter three times. The heights, ground diameters, leaf lengths, leaf widths and biomas... The one-year-old seedlings of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. were applied with CaCl2.H2O that supplied Ca in slow growth period of winter three times. The heights, ground diameters, leaf lengths, leaf widths and biomasses of B. balsamifera plants were measured. In addition, the relative contents of total flavones in different parts of B. balsamifera were determined by UV spectrophotometry, and the absolute contents of total flavones were calculated. The relative contents of L-borneol in leaves of B. balsamifera were determined by GC, and the absolute contents of L- borneol were calculated. The results showed that calcium element significantly in- creased the biomasses in leaves, stems and roots of B. balsamifera in slow growth period of winter. The leaf biomass of B. balsamifera in the 5 g/L CaCl2-H2O treat- ment group was significantly higher than those in the other three treatment groups. The leaf biomasses of B. balsamifera in the 10 and 15 g/L CaCl2.H2O treatment groups were significantly higher than that in the CK, with 3.03 and 2.65 times, re- spectively. The application of Ca inhibited the accumulation of total flavones relative contents, but significantly increased the total flavones absolute contents in different parts of B. balsamifera. The relative and absolute contents of L-borneol in the 5 g/L CaCl2 .H2O treatment group were 0.22% and 0.22 g, which were increased by 37.50%, 22.22%, 37.50% and 100%, 100%, 450%, respectively compared with those in the 0, 10 and 15 g/L CaCl2.H2O treatment groups. The Ca element could signifi- cantly promote the accumulation of biomasses in leaves, stems and roots, as well as the absolute contents of total flavones and L-borneol in B. balsamifera in slow growth period of winter. 展开更多
关键词 Calcium (Ca) Blumea balsamifera Slow growth period L-borneol total flavones: biomass
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橘皮对黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防效
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作者 黄欢 王倡宪 《安徽农业科学》 CAS 2024年第14期105-108,112,共5页
采用体外抑菌试验与盆钵培养试验相结合的方法,探究了橘皮与柚皮浸提液对尖孢镰刀菌生长及橘皮对黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防效,结果表明,橘皮浸提液对尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型病原菌表现出较显著的抑制作用,且抑制作用与提取液浓度成正比。在PDA... 采用体外抑菌试验与盆钵培养试验相结合的方法,探究了橘皮与柚皮浸提液对尖孢镰刀菌生长及橘皮对黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防效,结果表明,橘皮浸提液对尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型病原菌表现出较显著的抑制作用,且抑制作用与提取液浓度成正比。在PDA上接种病原菌后的第2天与第6天,对照的菌落直径分别为全浓度橘皮浸提液处理的1.58与1.54倍。橘皮的总黄酮含量是柚皮的1.14倍;此外,土壤强还原灭菌时添加0.25%橘皮可有效降低黄瓜苗期枯萎病,接种病原菌条件下,添加橘皮的幼苗地上部生物量较对照增加了15.49%,根系可溶性糖含量是对照的1.12倍。表明利用橘皮防治黄瓜苗期枯萎病有极大的应用潜力。 展开更多
关键词 橘皮 柚皮 黄瓜 尖孢镰刀菌 黄酮 总酚 生物量 可溶性糖
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盐胁迫对桔梗生理生化指标及总皂苷积累的影响
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作者 张美茜 于娟 +4 位作者 曹阳 麻剑南 包晨丽 王晓琴 贾鑫 《生物学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期71-77,共7页
为探究桔梗对盐胁迫的响应,以二年生桔梗为试验材料,通过盆栽的方式,设置对照组(CK,正常浇水)、低浓度盐胁迫(S1,200 mmol/L NaCl)、中浓度盐胁迫(S2,400 mmol/L NaCl)和高浓度盐胁迫(S3,600 mmol/L NaCl)等4个处理组,测定不同浓度盐胁... 为探究桔梗对盐胁迫的响应,以二年生桔梗为试验材料,通过盆栽的方式,设置对照组(CK,正常浇水)、低浓度盐胁迫(S1,200 mmol/L NaCl)、中浓度盐胁迫(S2,400 mmol/L NaCl)和高浓度盐胁迫(S3,600 mmol/L NaCl)等4个处理组,测定不同浓度盐胁迫处理下桔梗幼苗的生物量、生理生化指标及总皂苷含量。结果表明:随处理时间的延长,盐胁迫会抑制桔梗的正常生长,降低其生物量,且随盐胁迫浓度的增加抑制作用越显著;S1有利于促进桔梗叶绿素含量的增加,而S2及S3均使叶绿素含量降低;叶片相对含水量随盐胁迫浓度的增加呈下降趋势;桔梗叶片及根部抗氧化酶活性均在重度盐胁迫和处理第30天时显著降低;桔梗叶片和根部脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和总皂苷含量均随盐胁迫浓度及处理时间的增加而显著升高。研究可为改善盐渍土环境下桔梗的生长发育以及提高产量和品质提供理论依据,以期为桔梗在盐碱地种植提供一定参考。 展开更多
关键词 桔梗 盐胁迫 生物量 生理指标 总皂苷
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云南亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量对大气氮沉降的响应
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作者 李茂楠 刘宪斌 +3 位作者 杨亚丽 张宝 段恩省 杨应忠 《安徽农业科学》 CAS 2024年第1期39-44,50,共7页
以玉溪市城区生态植物园中结构和功能保护较好的次生常绿阔叶林为研究地点,分别设置0、1、5、10、15和30 g/(m^(2)·a)共6个氮浓度试验处理,采用林冠下喷雾的方式处理2年,采集0~10 cm表层土壤测定土壤全碳和全氮含量、活性有机碳含... 以玉溪市城区生态植物园中结构和功能保护较好的次生常绿阔叶林为研究地点,分别设置0、1、5、10、15和30 g/(m^(2)·a)共6个氮浓度试验处理,采用林冠下喷雾的方式处理2年,采集0~10 cm表层土壤测定土壤全碳和全氮含量、活性有机碳含量及其转化率、微生物量碳和氮含量。研究结果表明:中高浓度大气氮沉降明显增加了土壤全碳和全氮含量,降低了活性有机碳含量及其转化率,减少了微生物量碳和氮含量,说明中高浓度大气氮沉降能够影响亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤碳循环和氮循环进程,增加土壤碳库和氮库,改变土壤碳组分,延缓土壤碳转化过程,减少土壤微生物总量。数据相关分析结果表明:土壤全碳含量与大气氮沉降浓度呈多项式关系,即土壤全碳含量随大气氮沉降浓度升高而增加,在10 g/(m^(2)·a)N水平达到最大值[(31.05±1.94)g/kg],之后随着大气氮沉降浓度的继续升高而降低;土壤全氮含量与大气氮沉降浓度呈线性正相关关系,即土壤全氮含量随着大气氮沉降浓度持续升高而不断增加;土壤活性有机碳含量及其转化率、微生物量碳和氮含量与大气氮沉降浓度呈线性负相关关系,即随着大气氮沉降浓度持续升高而不断降低。 展开更多
关键词 大气氮沉降 土壤微生物量碳 土壤微生物量氮 土壤全碳 云南亚热带常绿阔叶林
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Effect of Different Irrigation Methods on Dissolved Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass Carbon in the Greenhouse Soil 被引量:3
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作者 HAN Lin,ZHANG Yu-long,JIN Shuo,WANG Jiao,WEI Yan-yan,CUI Ning and WEI Wei College of Land and Environmental Sciences,Shenyang Agricultural University/Liaoning Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shenyang 110161,P.R.China 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CSCD 2010年第8期1175-1182,共8页
The objective of this study was to investigate the contents and distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at 0-100 cm soil depth under three irrigation treatments, viz., sub... The objective of this study was to investigate the contents and distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at 0-100 cm soil depth under three irrigation treatments, viz., subsurface, drip and furrow irrigation in the greenhouse soil. The soil samples were collected at different depths (0-100 cm), and the contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), DOC and MBC were analysed. The experiment was conducted for 10 yr, during which period the application of fertilizers and crop management practices were kept identical. The results showed that the contents of TOC, DOC and MBC were significantly affected by different irrigation regimes, decreased with the increase of soil depth. TOC at 0-10 and 80-100 cm soil depths followed the order of furrow irrigation 〉 subsurface irrigation 〉 drip irrigation, whereas at the depth of 10-80 cm followed the order of subsurface irrigation 〉 furrow irrigation 〉 drip irrigation. DOC and MBC contents at 0-100 cm soil depths followed the order of furrow irrigation 〉 drip irrigation 〉 subsurface irrigation, and drip irrigation 〉 furrow irrigation 〉 subsurface irrigation, respectively. The ratios of DOC and MBC to TOC accounted for 4.98-12.87% and 1.48-2.82%, respectively, which were the highest in the drip irrigation treatment, followed were in the furrow irrigation treatment, and the lowest in subsurface irrigation treatment. There were significant positive correlations among the contents of DOC, MBC and TOC in all irrigation treatments. The furrow irrigation facilitated the accumulation of TOC and DOC, while drip irrigation increased the MBC. The content of TOC and the ratios of DOC to TOC were the lowest in subsurface irrigation treatment. 展开更多
关键词 GREENHOUSE irrigation methods total organic carbon dissolved organic carbon microbial biomass carbon
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不同种类草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响
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作者 左忠会 刘宪斌 +3 位作者 刘守美 李艳香 马思媛 和银建 《安徽农学通报》 2024年第7期71-81,共11页
人工草坪具有防止水土流失、美化环境、配置景观、提供户外休闲活动场所和改善区域生态环境等多种功能。为探究不同种类草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响,本研究以常见的狗牙根等6种草坪草为试验材料,设置保持自然状态和人工去杂2... 人工草坪具有防止水土流失、美化环境、配置景观、提供户外休闲活动场所和改善区域生态环境等多种功能。为探究不同种类草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响,本研究以常见的狗牙根等6种草坪草为试验材料,设置保持自然状态和人工去杂2个试验处理,连续管理养护5年后采集0~10 cm表层土,测定其土壤全碳和全氮含量、土壤微生物碳和氮含量、土壤活性有机碳含量及其转化率6组数据。结果表明,保持自然状态试验处理中野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪中上述6组数据均达到最大值,均值分别为50.00 g/kg、7.00 g/kg、1.90 g/kg、0.40 g/kg、5.70 g/kg和0.65/cycle;狗牙根草坪上述6组数据均最小。说明野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响较大,匍匐翦股颖和高羊茅次之,狗牙根最小。同一种试验材料,保持自然状态试验处理的上述6组数据均明显高于人工去杂试验处理的。野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪对上述6组数据的影响大部分达到了统计学上的显著水平。因此,草坪建设者和管理者应根据不同种类草坪草的植物学特性,结合当地气候因子和土壤条件、草坪使用目的来选择合适的草坪草,以保证草坪质量和提高草坪使用效率的同时,促进其地下土壤生态系统的健康发展。 展开更多
关键词 草坪草 土壤全碳含量 土壤全氮含量 土壤微生物碳含量 土壤微生物氮含量 土壤活性有机碳含量 土壤活性有机碳转化率
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Assessment of soil quality using soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and microbial properties in tropical agroecosystems 被引量:1
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作者 Maruf Kajogbola Adebayo Adeboye Abdullahi Bala +3 位作者 Akim Oserhien Osunde Anthony Ozoemenam Uzoma Ayo Joshua Odofin Baba Abubakar Lawal 《Agricultural Sciences》 2011年第1期34-40,共7页
Assessment of soil quality is an invaluable tool in determining the sustainability and environmental impact of agricultural ecosystems. The study was conducted to assess the quality of the soils under arable cultivati... Assessment of soil quality is an invaluable tool in determining the sustainability and environmental impact of agricultural ecosystems. The study was conducted to assess the quality of the soils under arable cultivation, locally irri-gated and non-irrigated, forestry plantations of teak (Tectona grandis Lin.) and gmelina (Gme- lina arborea Roxb.), and cashew (Anacardium occidentale Lin.) plantation agro ecosystems using soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total ni-trogen (STN) and soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and N (SMBN) at Minna in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from soil depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm in all the agro ecosystems and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological properties. All the agro ecosystems had similar loamy soil texture at both depths. The soils have high fer-tility status in terms of available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium, magnesium and po- tassium. The irrigated arable land had significantly (P 6.6 suggesting fungal domination in all the agroecosystems. The forestry plantation soils had higher SMBC and SMBN as a per-centage of SOC and STN respectively than the cultivated arable land soils. Burning for clearing vegetation and poor stocking of forestry planta-tions may impair the quality of the soil. The study suggests that the locally irrigated agro- ecosystem soil seems to be of better quality than the other agroecosystem soils. 展开更多
关键词 AGROECOSYSTEMS MICROBIAL biomass SOIL Organic Carbon SOIL total Nitrogen TROPICAL
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盐胁迫对入侵植物节节麦与小麦竞争关系的影响
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作者 王宁 邵靖 毕婷婷 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第2期145-151,共7页
以节节麦为试材,采用盆栽控制试验,运用de Wit替代系列方法,研究不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400 mmol/L)中性盐(NaCl)及碱性盐(Na_(2)CO_(3))胁迫对其生长发育及与小麦竞争关系的影响。结果表明:不同盐胁迫均能抑制节节麦和小麦的生长发... 以节节麦为试材,采用盆栽控制试验,运用de Wit替代系列方法,研究不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400 mmol/L)中性盐(NaCl)及碱性盐(Na_(2)CO_(3))胁迫对其生长发育及与小麦竞争关系的影响。结果表明:不同盐胁迫均能抑制节节麦和小麦的生长发育,并造成2种植物的株高、叶面积及总生物量下降;节节麦和小麦均通过提高SOD活性及脯氨酸含量抵御不同盐胁迫,但随着处理浓度的增加,2种植物的相对电导率及硫代巴比妥酸(TBARS)含量均明显增加,表明盐胁迫对2种植物细胞膜损伤程度持续加剧;不同盐胁迫还导致了2种植物的叶绿素含量明显下降;从SOD活性、脯氨酸含量、相对电导率及TBARS含量的增幅以及叶绿素含量的降幅可知,同种盐胁迫对节节麦的损伤程度小于对小麦的,而Na_(2)CO_(3)对2种植物造成的伤害程度大于NaCl;从节节麦的竞争平衡指数(CB)可知,不同盐胁迫条件下节节麦的竞争能力依然大于小麦,但随处理浓度的增加呈先升后降的趋势。总之,通过形态结构及生理特性的调整,节节麦对不同种类盐胁迫均表现出了一定的适应性,而这也可能是盐胁迫条件下其竞争能力依然大于小麦的重要原因。 展开更多
关键词 节节麦 小麦 盐胁迫 总生物量 竞争关系
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去除凋落物和草毡层对寒温带典型森林土壤氮素的短期影响 被引量:1
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作者 王军 满秀玲 《森林工程》 北大核心 2023年第4期1-9,共9页
以大兴安岭北部3种典型森林(白桦(Betula platyphylla)林、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)林和兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林)为研究对象,通过对对照、去除凋落物、去除草毡6层以及去除凋落物和草毡层4种处理下不同土层(0~10 c... 以大兴安岭北部3种典型森林(白桦(Betula platyphylla)林、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)林和兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林)为研究对象,通过对对照、去除凋落物、去除草毡6层以及去除凋落物和草毡层4种处理下不同土层(0~10 cm和>10~20 cm)的土壤全氮、有效氮、微生物量氮及其影响因子的研究,探究凋落物和草毡层对寒温带典型森林土壤氮素的影响。结果表明,1)在0~10 cm土层,与对照相比,去除凋落物后土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,樟子松林土壤全氮和铵态氮含量无显著变化,而硝态氮含量升高了53.76%(P<0.05);土壤微生物量氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中分别降低了14.34%和25.94%(P<0.05),在樟子松林中无显著变化。去除草毡层后土壤全氮含量在樟子松林和兴安落叶松林中变化不显著,在白桦林中降低了41.25%(P<0.05);土壤铵态氮含量在兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,在白桦林中降低了52.84%(P<0.05),而在樟子松林中升高了69.09%(P<0.05);土壤硝态氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,在樟子松林中升高了44.09%(P<0.05);土壤微生物量氮含量在3种林型中降低了16.95%~47.20%(P<0.05)。去除凋落物和草毡层后,土壤全氮和微生物量氮含量在3种林型中均显著降低(P<0.05);土壤铵态氮含量在兴安落叶松中无显著变化,在白桦林中显著降低(P<0.05),而在樟子松中显著升高(P<0.05);土壤硝态氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,而在樟子松林中升高了44.09%(P<0.05)。2)在>10~20 cm土层,经过不同去除处理,土壤全氮和微生物量氮含量在3种林型中无显著变化;土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,而在樟子松林中有所升高,且在去除凋落物以及去除草毡层后达显著水平(P<0.05)。3)由相关性分析可知,土壤含水率、pH、总有机碳和可溶性有机碳等是土壤氮素的重要影响因子。由此可见,凋落物和草毡层的存在与否对土壤氮素具有重要影响,但影响程度会因林型和土层的不同而异。研究结果为该地区森林土壤氮循环的研究提供理论基础。 展开更多
关键词 森林土壤 去除凋落物 去除草毡层 全氮 有效氮 微生物量氮
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Relations between the Underground Biomass and Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen of the Alpine Meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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作者 ZHANG Hong GAO Linan 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 2008年第3期324-330,共7页
This article, by combining field investigation with laboratorial analysis, studies diverse alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the underground biomass dynamics, vertical distribution o... This article, by combining field investigation with laboratorial analysis, studies diverse alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the underground biomass dynamics, vertical distribution of the content of soil carbon and nitrogen, the connection between the biomass and the content of carbon and nitrogen. The studies show that underground biomass in the herb layer of upland meadow is more than that in the terrace meadow, while underground biomass in the upland shrubland is the most. The vertical distribution of underground biomass of each type is obvious as in shape of"T". As to the distribution of the content of soil organic carbon in the three sample grounds, it showed that the deeper the soil the less the content of soil organic carbon. In May, unlike at terrace meadow, the underground biomass and the content of soil organic carbon in positive proportion, such revelation at upland meadow and upland shrubland is not apparent. In July, at upland meadow and terrace meadow the underground biomass and the content of soil total nitrogen in positive proportion, such revelation at upland shrubland is not apparent either. 展开更多
关键词 alpine meadow underground biomass soil organic carbon: soil total nitrogen: soil avail nitrogen
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Emission of Carbonaceous Species from Biomass Burning in the Traditional Rural Cooking Stove in Bangladesh
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作者 Morshad Ahmed M. Das +3 位作者 T. Afser M. Rokonujjaman T. Akther A. Salam 《Open Journal of Air Pollution》 2018年第4期287-297,共11页
Characterization of carbonaceous species from the particulate matters (PM) after combustion of seven commonly used biomass species, albizia tree (Albizia julibrissin), dry leaves (mahogany tree), jackfruit tree (Artoc... Characterization of carbonaceous species from the particulate matters (PM) after combustion of seven commonly used biomass species, albizia tree (Albizia julibrissin), dry leaves (mahogany tree), jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus), rain tree (Samanea saman), mahogany tree (Swietenia mahogany), cow dung and mango tree (Mangifer aindica) was done. PM samples were collected on quartz fiber filters emitted from biomass burning in a typical rural cooking stove. PM loaded filters were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the functional group of organic compounds. Black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) concentrations were determined with Aethalometer. A TOC analyzer was used to determine the total organic carbon (TOC) present in the biomass samples. The surface morphology was almost similar for all biomass burning PM samples. The average concentrations of BC and BrC were 5.85 ± 4.40 and 13.0 ± 8.80 μg&#183;m&#453, respectively. The emission factors of BC and BrC were 1.08 ± 0.89 and 2.35 ± 1.67 mg&#183;g&#451, respectively. Concentration of BC was the highest in dry leaves and the lowest in mango tree. The emission factors of the determined biomass followed the sequence-dry leaves of mahogany > albizia tree > jackfruit tree > rain tree > cow dung > mahogany tree > mango tree. PM from mango tree had lower emissions compared to the other biomass species used in this study. 展开更多
关键词 biomass BURNING PARTICULATE Matter Black CARBON BROWN CARBON total Organic CARBON
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黄精植株构件生长与有效成分积累动态研究 被引量:1
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作者 靳鹏博 常晖 +4 位作者 杨祎辰 王二欢 王继强 刘峰 马存德 《安徽农业科学》 CAS 2023年第9期155-159,共5页
[目的]明确黄精植株构件的生长规律与地下部分各部位有效成分含量的积累动态。[方法]以2年生黄精为研究对象,黄精出苗后连续采样,测量根茎、新生根茎、须根、茎、叶、果实等构件的形态、数量和生物量,并测定地下部分各部位的黄精多糖、... [目的]明确黄精植株构件的生长规律与地下部分各部位有效成分含量的积累动态。[方法]以2年生黄精为研究对象,黄精出苗后连续采样,测量根茎、新生根茎、须根、茎、叶、果实等构件的形态、数量和生物量,并测定地下部分各部位的黄精多糖、总皂苷和浸出物含量。[结果]黄精出苗后根系生物量不断积累,地上部分出苗后40 d内迅速生长,之后大多生长指标小幅度增加,至8月左右地上部分茎叶有所脱落,10月上旬地上部分枯萎回苗;地下部分在出苗40~100 d迅速生长,之后增长幅度减缓;须根的黄精多糖、总皂苷和浸出物含量均显著低于根茎(P<0.05),但收获期的须根多糖含量可达到根茎的84.50%,总皂苷和浸出物含量分别仅为根茎的35.72%、48.68%,这为黄精须根以多糖类材料开发大健康产品提供了依据;与原生根茎相比,新生根茎在形成的60 d内多糖含量显著较低(P<0.05),总皂苷含量显著较高(P<0.05);收获期时,黄精地下部分各部位以上3类有效成分含量排序稳定,依次为根茎>新根茎>须根。[结论]该研究为黄精非药用部位的开发利用提供了理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 黄精 植株构件 生物量 多糖 总皂苷 浸出物 积累动态
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不同施肥处理对贯叶连翘生长及药用成分含量的影响
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作者 吕金林 王宇超 +1 位作者 毛祝新 李倩 《北方园艺》 CAS 北大核心 2023年第8期94-100,共7页
以贯叶连翘为试材,采用田间试验法,研究了不同氮磷钾配比施肥对贯叶连翘地上和地下部分生长量以及金丝桃素和总黄酮含量的影响,以期为科学规范化栽植贯叶连翘,尤其在施肥管理方面提供参考依据。结果表明:1)施肥后贯叶连翘根部和地上部... 以贯叶连翘为试材,采用田间试验法,研究了不同氮磷钾配比施肥对贯叶连翘地上和地下部分生长量以及金丝桃素和总黄酮含量的影响,以期为科学规范化栽植贯叶连翘,尤其在施肥管理方面提供参考依据。结果表明:1)施肥后贯叶连翘根部和地上部分生长量显著高于未施肥对照(P<0.05),最高生长增量均出现在中度氮肥和中度磷钾肥组合中,根部和地上部分生长量分别为29.45 g和56.26 g,分别是对照的4.89倍和3.85倍;2)在贯叶连翘根、茎、叶3个部位中,金丝桃素和总黄酮含量主要集中在叶部,分别是0.067%和2.3%;3)施肥处理后贯叶连翘的金丝桃素和总黄酮含量普遍高于对照,在中度氮肥和中度氮磷钾组合下全草金丝桃素和总黄酮含量最高,各部位和全草药用成分含量最高值均没有出现在高肥处理中。综上所述,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥能够明显促进贯叶连翘的生长和药用成分的合成积累,尤其在中等肥力表现良好。 展开更多
关键词 施肥 贯叶连翘 生物量 金丝桃素 总黄酮
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大气CO_(2)浓度升高和海平面上升对滨海湿地植物地下生物量的影响
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作者 韦薇 陶冶 +2 位作者 王东明 王晓茜 朱春梧 《土壤》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第1期147-152,共6页
大气CO_(2)浓度升高和海平面上升会通过影响植物的分布和生长状况,继而影响湿地的稳定性。地下生物量是调节潮汐湿地生态系统功能的关键因素,包括土壤有机质的积累和湿地海拔高程的维持。本文通过设置开顶式生长箱(OTC:open top chamber... 大气CO_(2)浓度升高和海平面上升会通过影响植物的分布和生长状况,继而影响湿地的稳定性。地下生物量是调节潮汐湿地生态系统功能的关键因素,包括土壤有机质的积累和湿地海拔高程的维持。本文通过设置开顶式生长箱(OTC:open top chamber)试验探究不同海拔的3个典型植物群落(SC群落:C_(3)植物为主的群落;MX群落:C_(3)、C_(4)植物混合群落;SP群落:C_(4)植物为主的群落)对CO_(2)浓度升高和海平面上升的响应差异。研究结果显示:CO_(2)浓度升高能够显著增加SC、MX和SP群落的根茎、根和总地下生物量,但年际差异较大。海平面上升显著降低了3个群落植物的根生物量和SC群落高CO_(2)浓度处理下及SP群落对照处理下的总地下生物量,但对根茎却无显著影响。在高盐的条件下,高CO_(2)浓度一定程度上能够缓解高盐分对植物的胁迫,但高CO_(2)浓度的施肥作用下降。对照条件下的SC和MX群落总地下生物量随试验年份延长呈下降趋势,其下降主要是由于海平面的快速上升导致的,而高CO_(2)浓度能减缓其下降趋势,一定程度上抵消胁迫。因此,海平面上升正严重威胁未来湿地的稳定性,而CO_(2)浓度升高能一定程度上缓解海平面上升的危害。 展开更多
关键词 滨海湿地 CO_(2)浓度升高 海平面上升 总地下生物量
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超级杂交稻“Y两优1号”对氮肥用量的响应及其氮肥利用率 被引量:12
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作者 崔新卫 朱校奇 +4 位作者 龙世平 纪雄辉 石丽红 彭志红 李洪顺 《中国生态农业学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2010年第5期945-949,共5页
以超级杂交稻"Y两优1号"为材料,设置0(N0)、90kg·hm-2(N1)、135kg·hm-2(N2)、180kg·hm-2(N3)、225kg·hm-2(N4)、270kg·hm-2(N5)6种氮水平,研究了不同供氮水平对水稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。由施... 以超级杂交稻"Y两优1号"为材料,设置0(N0)、90kg·hm-2(N1)、135kg·hm-2(N2)、180kg·hm-2(N3)、225kg·hm-2(N4)、270kg·hm-2(N5)6种氮水平,研究了不同供氮水平对水稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。由施氮量-产量模型可得,施氮量为245.9kg·hm-2时可夺取水稻高产(11.42t·hm-2),而施氮量为213.5kg·hm-2时能更好地协调水稻产量和肥料利用率的矛盾,获得最佳经济效益。不同供氮水平下,分别采用Logistic函数对生育时期-总生物量进行动态模拟,各模型因施氮水平的不同而异;各模型均表明,灌浆期群体总生物量增长速率最大;随施氮量的梯度递增,氮肥吸收利用率(NRE)与氮肥农学利用率(NAE)均呈现不同程度下降趋势。本研究设置的处理水平下,N4处理能较好地协调施氮量、产量和氮肥利用率的矛盾,确保夺取高产及相对较高的氮肥利用率。本研究表明,20%穗肥相对较少,不能满足水稻后期灌浆结实需要,超级杂交稻大田栽培建议加大穗肥施用比例。 展开更多
关键词 超级杂交稻 产量 施氮量 总生物量 氮肥利用率 生物量积累
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