Relationships among the Stem,Aboveground and Total Biomass across Chinese Forests

Forest biomass plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. In the present study, a general allometric model was derived to predict the relationships among the stem biomass Ms, aboveground biomass MA and total biomass MT, based on previously developed scaling relationships for leaf, stem and root standing biomass. The model predicted complex scaling exponents for MT and/or MA with respect to Ms. Because annual biomass accumulation in the stem, root and branch far exceeded the annual increase in standing leaf biomass, we can predict that MT ∝MA ∝ Ms as a simple result of the model. Although slight variations existed in different phyletic affiliations （i.e. conifers versus angiosperms）, empirical results using Model Type Ⅱ （reduced major axis） regression supported the model＇s predictions. The predictive formulas among stem, aboveground and total biomass were obtained using Model Type I （ordinary least squares） regression to estimate forest biomass. Given the low mean percentage prediction errors for aboveground （and total biomass） based on the stem biomass, the results provided a reasonable method to estimate the biomass of forests at the individual level, which was insensitive to the variation in local environmental conditions （e.g. precipitation, temperature, etc.）.

Total Volume and Aboveground Biomass Models for <i>Juniperus procera</i>Plantation in Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia

Species specific allometric equations are important for estimation and quantification of net volume and aboveground biomass of living trees. This study was basically focused on fitting total volume and aboveground biomass models for Juniperus procera plantations in Wondo Genet, Sidama Zone, Ethiopia. Data for fitting the total volume and aboveground biomass models were obtained by destructively sampling of trees from the ten diameter classes of the Juniperus procera plantation in the study area. A total of one hundred ten and fifty-one trees were destructively sampled to fit six total volume and six aboveground biomass models respectively. After important measurements of parameters have completed, model performance evaluation and selecting of best fit models were undertaken using standard error of estimates (SEE), coefficient of determination (R2), bias (B) and mean of the absolute value of errors (MAE). Accordingly, the total volume model Vt = -5.466 + 0.959Dbh0.005H003 and aboveground biomass model of B = 0.348Dbh0.57H0.032 were found to be the best predictive models for total tree volume and aboveground biomass respectively. In addition to the above results, diameter at breast height and total tree height data obtained from 69 circular sample plots of 0.01 ha area drawn from the plantation were used to estimate the total volume and aboveground biomass per hectare BEF which was estimated to be 0.64 Mg/m3. Generally, the selected models and computed BEF in this study are believed to be applied by different organisations and researches to estimate the total volume and aboveground biomass of the J. procera.

Biomass Prediction Equation for Colophospermum mopane (Mopane) in Botswana

This study aimed to develop a biomass equation for estimating the total above-ground biomass for Colophospermum mopane (mopane) based on the pooled data from three study sites. The mopane woodlands in Botswana represent 14.6% of Botswana’s total area. The woodlands directly or indirectly support the livelihood of the majority of the rural population by providing wood and non-wood products. However, there is limited information on the pattern, trends and distribution of woody biomass production and their primary, environmental, and climatic determinants in different parts of Botswana. All the data were collected by destructive sampling from three study sites in Botswana. Stratified random sampling was based on the stem diameter at breast height (1.3 m from the ground or Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)). A total of 30 sample trees at each study site were measured, felled and weighed. The data from the three sites were pooled together, and the study employed regression analysis to examine the nature of relationships between total above-ground biomass (dependent variable) and five independent variables: 1) total tree height;2) crown diameter;3) stem diameters at 0.15 m;1.3 m (DBH) and 3 m from the ground respectively. There were significant relationships between all the independent variables and the dependent variable. However, DBH emerged as the strongest predictor of total tree above-ground biomass for mopane. The equation lnBiomass=-1.163+2.190lnDBH was adopted for use in the indirect estimation of total tree above-ground biomass for mopane in Botswana.

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass in the East China Sea

On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997-2000 (23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'-128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton biomass is 40.9 mg/m3. The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250-500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters ( 29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the abundance distribution of crustacean. The distribution of diet zooplankton is related to the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus and the high-density area of young fish and larval. In spring, the central fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus (>100 kg/h) and the high-density area of young fish and larval (>100 individuals per net) are located at the same place of high-density (100-250 mg/m3)area of diet zooplankton in the middle-southern part of East China Sea or the edge of its waters.

盐胁迫对桔梗生理生化指标及总皂苷积累的影响

为探究桔梗对盐胁迫的响应,以二年生桔梗为试验材料,通过盆栽的方式,设置对照组(CK,正常浇水)、低浓度盐胁迫(S1,200 mmol/L NaCl)、中浓度盐胁迫(S2,400 mmol/L NaCl)和高浓度盐胁迫(S3,600 mmol/L NaCl)等4个处理组,测定不同浓度盐胁迫处理下桔梗幼苗的生物量、生理生化指标及总皂苷含量。结果表明:随处理时间的延长,盐胁迫会抑制桔梗的正常生长,降低其生物量,且随盐胁迫浓度的增加抑制作用越显著;S1有利于促进桔梗叶绿素含量的增加,而S2及S3均使叶绿素含量降低;叶片相对含水量随盐胁迫浓度的增加呈下降趋势;桔梗叶片及根部抗氧化酶活性均在重度盐胁迫和处理第30天时显著降低;桔梗叶片和根部脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和总皂苷含量均随盐胁迫浓度及处理时间的增加而显著升高。研究可为改善盐渍土环境下桔梗的生长发育以及提高产量和品质提供理论依据,以期为桔梗在盐碱地种植提供一定参考。

云南亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量对大气氮沉降的响应

以玉溪市城区生态植物园中结构和功能保护较好的次生常绿阔叶林为研究地点,分别设置0、1、5、10、15和30 g/(m^(2)·a)共6个氮浓度试验处理,采用林冠下喷雾的方式处理2年,采集0~10 cm表层土壤测定土壤全碳和全氮含量、活性有机碳含量及其转化率、微生物量碳和氮含量。研究结果表明:中高浓度大气氮沉降明显增加了土壤全碳和全氮含量,降低了活性有机碳含量及其转化率,减少了微生物量碳和氮含量,说明中高浓度大气氮沉降能够影响亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤碳循环和氮循环进程,增加土壤碳库和氮库,改变土壤碳组分,延缓土壤碳转化过程,减少土壤微生物总量。数据相关分析结果表明:土壤全碳含量与大气氮沉降浓度呈多项式关系,即土壤全碳含量随大气氮沉降浓度升高而增加,在10 g/(m^(2)·a)N水平达到最大值[(31.05±1.94)g/kg],之后随着大气氮沉降浓度的继续升高而降低;土壤全氮含量与大气氮沉降浓度呈线性正相关关系,即土壤全氮含量随着大气氮沉降浓度持续升高而不断增加;土壤活性有机碳含量及其转化率、微生物量碳和氮含量与大气氮沉降浓度呈线性负相关关系,即随着大气氮沉降浓度持续升高而不断降低。

Effect of Different Irrigation Methods on Dissolved Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass Carbon in the Greenhouse Soil

The objective of this study was to investigate the contents and distribution of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and microbial biomass carbon （MBC） at 0-100 cm soil depth under three irrigation treatments, viz., subsurface, drip and furrow irrigation in the greenhouse soil. The soil samples were collected at different depths （0-100 cm）, and the contents of soil total organic carbon （TOC）, DOC and MBC were analysed. The experiment was conducted for 10 yr, during which period the application of fertilizers and crop management practices were kept identical. The results showed that the contents of TOC, DOC and MBC were significantly affected by different irrigation regimes, decreased with the increase of soil depth. TOC at 0-10 and 80-100 cm soil depths followed the order of furrow irrigation 〉 subsurface irrigation 〉 drip irrigation, whereas at the depth of 10-80 cm followed the order of subsurface irrigation 〉 furrow irrigation 〉 drip irrigation. DOC and MBC contents at 0-100 cm soil depths followed the order of furrow irrigation 〉 drip irrigation 〉 subsurface irrigation, and drip irrigation 〉 furrow irrigation 〉 subsurface irrigation, respectively. The ratios of DOC and MBC to TOC accounted for 4.98-12.87% and 1.48-2.82%, respectively, which were the highest in the drip irrigation treatment, followed were in the furrow irrigation treatment, and the lowest in subsurface irrigation treatment. There were significant positive correlations among the contents of DOC, MBC and TOC in all irrigation treatments. The furrow irrigation facilitated the accumulation of TOC and DOC, while drip irrigation increased the MBC. The content of TOC and the ratios of DOC to TOC were the lowest in subsurface irrigation treatment.

不同种类草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响

人工草坪具有防止水土流失、美化环境、配置景观、提供户外休闲活动场所和改善区域生态环境等多种功能。为探究不同种类草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响,本研究以常见的狗牙根等6种草坪草为试验材料,设置保持自然状态和人工去杂2个试验处理,连续管理养护5年后采集0~10 cm表层土,测定其土壤全碳和全氮含量、土壤微生物碳和氮含量、土壤活性有机碳含量及其转化率6组数据。结果表明,保持自然状态试验处理中野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪中上述6组数据均达到最大值,均值分别为50.00 g/kg、7.00 g/kg、1.90 g/kg、0.40 g/kg、5.70 g/kg和0.65/cycle;狗牙根草坪上述6组数据均最小。说明野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响较大,匍匐翦股颖和高羊茅次之,狗牙根最小。同一种试验材料,保持自然状态试验处理的上述6组数据均明显高于人工去杂试验处理的。野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪对上述6组数据的影响大部分达到了统计学上的显著水平。因此,草坪建设者和管理者应根据不同种类草坪草的植物学特性,结合当地气候因子和土壤条件、草坪使用目的来选择合适的草坪草,以保证草坪质量和提高草坪使用效率的同时,促进其地下土壤生态系统的健康发展。

Assessment of soil quality using soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and microbial properties in tropical agroecosystems

Assessment of soil quality is an invaluable tool in determining the sustainability and environmental impact of agricultural ecosystems. The study was conducted to assess the quality of the soils under arable cultivation, locally irri-gated and non-irrigated, forestry plantations of teak (Tectona grandis Lin.) and gmelina (Gme- lina arborea Roxb.), and cashew (Anacardium occidentale Lin.) plantation agro ecosystems using soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total ni-trogen (STN) and soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and N (SMBN) at Minna in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from soil depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm in all the agro ecosystems and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological properties. All the agro ecosystems had similar loamy soil texture at both depths. The soils have high fer-tility status in terms of available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium, magnesium and po- tassium. The irrigated arable land had significantly (P 6.6 suggesting fungal domination in all the agroecosystems. The forestry plantation soils had higher SMBC and SMBN as a per-centage of SOC and STN respectively than the cultivated arable land soils. Burning for clearing vegetation and poor stocking of forestry planta-tions may impair the quality of the soil. The study suggests that the locally irrigated agro- ecosystem soil seems to be of better quality than the other agroecosystem soils.

盐胁迫对入侵植物节节麦与小麦竞争关系的影响

以节节麦为试材,采用盆栽控制试验,运用de Wit替代系列方法,研究不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400 mmol/L)中性盐(NaCl)及碱性盐(Na_(2)CO_(3))胁迫对其生长发育及与小麦竞争关系的影响。结果表明:不同盐胁迫均能抑制节节麦和小麦的生长发育,并造成2种植物的株高、叶面积及总生物量下降;节节麦和小麦均通过提高SOD活性及脯氨酸含量抵御不同盐胁迫,但随着处理浓度的增加,2种植物的相对电导率及硫代巴比妥酸(TBARS)含量均明显增加,表明盐胁迫对2种植物细胞膜损伤程度持续加剧;不同盐胁迫还导致了2种植物的叶绿素含量明显下降;从SOD活性、脯氨酸含量、相对电导率及TBARS含量的增幅以及叶绿素含量的降幅可知,同种盐胁迫对节节麦的损伤程度小于对小麦的,而Na_(2)CO_(3)对2种植物造成的伤害程度大于NaCl;从节节麦的竞争平衡指数(CB)可知,不同盐胁迫条件下节节麦的竞争能力依然大于小麦,但随处理浓度的增加呈先升后降的趋势。总之,通过形态结构及生理特性的调整,节节麦对不同种类盐胁迫均表现出了一定的适应性,而这也可能是盐胁迫条件下其竞争能力依然大于小麦的重要原因。

去除凋落物和草毡层对寒温带典型森林土壤氮素的短期影响

以大兴安岭北部3种典型森林(白桦(Betula platyphylla)林、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)林和兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林)为研究对象,通过对对照、去除凋落物、去除草毡6层以及去除凋落物和草毡层4种处理下不同土层(0~10 cm和>10~20 cm)的土壤全氮、有效氮、微生物量氮及其影响因子的研究,探究凋落物和草毡层对寒温带典型森林土壤氮素的影响。结果表明,1)在0~10 cm土层,与对照相比,去除凋落物后土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,樟子松林土壤全氮和铵态氮含量无显著变化,而硝态氮含量升高了53.76%(P<0.05);土壤微生物量氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中分别降低了14.34%和25.94%(P<0.05),在樟子松林中无显著变化。去除草毡层后土壤全氮含量在樟子松林和兴安落叶松林中变化不显著,在白桦林中降低了41.25%(P<0.05);土壤铵态氮含量在兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,在白桦林中降低了52.84%(P<0.05),而在樟子松林中升高了69.09%(P<0.05);土壤硝态氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,在樟子松林中升高了44.09%(P<0.05);土壤微生物量氮含量在3种林型中降低了16.95%~47.20%(P<0.05)。去除凋落物和草毡层后,土壤全氮和微生物量氮含量在3种林型中均显著降低(P<0.05);土壤铵态氮含量在兴安落叶松中无显著变化,在白桦林中显著降低(P<0.05),而在樟子松中显著升高(P<0.05);土壤硝态氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,而在樟子松林中升高了44.09%(P<0.05)。2)在>10~20 cm土层,经过不同去除处理,土壤全氮和微生物量氮含量在3种林型中无显著变化;土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量在白桦林和兴安落叶松林中无显著变化,而在樟子松林中有所升高,且在去除凋落物以及去除草毡层后达显著水平(P<0.05)。3)由相关性分析可知,土壤含水率、pH、总有机碳和可溶性有机碳等是土壤氮素的重要影响因子。由此可见,凋落物和草毡层的存在与否对土壤氮素具有重要影响,但影响程度会因林型和土层的不同而异。研究结果为该地区森林土壤氮循环的研究提供理论基础。

Relations between the Underground Biomass and Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen of the Alpine Meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

This article, by combining field investigation with laboratorial analysis, studies diverse alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the underground biomass dynamics, vertical distribution of the content of soil carbon and nitrogen, the connection between the biomass and the content of carbon and nitrogen. The studies show that underground biomass in the herb layer of upland meadow is more than that in the terrace meadow, while underground biomass in the upland shrubland is the most. The vertical distribution of underground biomass of each type is obvious as in shape of＂T＂. As to the distribution of the content of soil organic carbon in the three sample grounds, it showed that the deeper the soil the less the content of soil organic carbon. In May, unlike at terrace meadow, the underground biomass and the content of soil organic carbon in positive proportion, such revelation at upland meadow and upland shrubland is not apparent. In July, at upland meadow and terrace meadow the underground biomass and the content of soil total nitrogen in positive proportion, such revelation at upland shrubland is not apparent either.

Emission of Carbonaceous Species from Biomass Burning in the Traditional Rural Cooking Stove in Bangladesh

Characterization of carbonaceous species from the particulate matters (PM) after combustion of seven commonly used biomass species, albizia tree (Albizia julibrissin), dry leaves (mahogany tree), jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus), rain tree (Samanea saman), mahogany tree (Swietenia mahogany), cow dung and mango tree (Mangifer aindica) was done. PM samples were collected on quartz fiber filters emitted from biomass burning in a typical rural cooking stove. PM loaded filters were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the functional group of organic compounds. Black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) concentrations were determined with Aethalometer. A TOC analyzer was used to determine the total organic carbon (TOC) present in the biomass samples. The surface morphology was almost similar for all biomass burning PM samples. The average concentrations of BC and BrC were 5.85 ± 4.40 and 13.0 ± 8.80 μg&#183;m&#453, respectively. The emission factors of BC and BrC were 1.08 ± 0.89 and 2.35 ± 1.67 mg&#183;g&#451, respectively. Concentration of BC was the highest in dry leaves and the lowest in mango tree. The emission factors of the determined biomass followed the sequence-dry leaves of mahogany > albizia tree > jackfruit tree > rain tree > cow dung > mahogany tree > mango tree. PM from mango tree had lower emissions compared to the other biomass species used in this study.

黄精植株构件生长与有效成分积累动态研究

[目的]明确黄精植株构件的生长规律与地下部分各部位有效成分含量的积累动态。[方法]以2年生黄精为研究对象,黄精出苗后连续采样,测量根茎、新生根茎、须根、茎、叶、果实等构件的形态、数量和生物量,并测定地下部分各部位的黄精多糖、总皂苷和浸出物含量。[结果]黄精出苗后根系生物量不断积累,地上部分出苗后40 d内迅速生长,之后大多生长指标小幅度增加,至8月左右地上部分茎叶有所脱落,10月上旬地上部分枯萎回苗;地下部分在出苗40~100 d迅速生长,之后增长幅度减缓;须根的黄精多糖、总皂苷和浸出物含量均显著低于根茎(P<0.05),但收获期的须根多糖含量可达到根茎的84.50%,总皂苷和浸出物含量分别仅为根茎的35.72%、48.68%,这为黄精须根以多糖类材料开发大健康产品提供了依据;与原生根茎相比,新生根茎在形成的60 d内多糖含量显著较低(P<0.05),总皂苷含量显著较高(P<0.05);收获期时,黄精地下部分各部位以上3类有效成分含量排序稳定,依次为根茎>新根茎>须根。[结论]该研究为黄精非药用部位的开发利用提供了理论依据。

大气CO_(2)浓度升高和海平面上升对滨海湿地植物地下生物量的影响

大气CO_(2)浓度升高和海平面上升会通过影响植物的分布和生长状况,继而影响湿地的稳定性。地下生物量是调节潮汐湿地生态系统功能的关键因素,包括土壤有机质的积累和湿地海拔高程的维持。本文通过设置开顶式生长箱(OTC:open top chamber)试验探究不同海拔的3个典型植物群落(SC群落:C_(3)植物为主的群落;MX群落:C_(3)、C_(4)植物混合群落;SP群落:C_(4)植物为主的群落)对CO_(2)浓度升高和海平面上升的响应差异。研究结果显示:CO_(2)浓度升高能够显著增加SC、MX和SP群落的根茎、根和总地下生物量,但年际差异较大。海平面上升显著降低了3个群落植物的根生物量和SC群落高CO_(2)浓度处理下及SP群落对照处理下的总地下生物量,但对根茎却无显著影响。在高盐的条件下,高CO_(2)浓度一定程度上能够缓解高盐分对植物的胁迫,但高CO_(2)浓度的施肥作用下降。对照条件下的SC和MX群落总地下生物量随试验年份延长呈下降趋势,其下降主要是由于海平面的快速上升导致的,而高CO_(2)浓度能减缓其下降趋势,一定程度上抵消胁迫。因此,海平面上升正严重威胁未来湿地的稳定性,而CO_(2)浓度升高能一定程度上缓解海平面上升的危害。

超级杂交稻“Y两优1号”对氮肥用量的响应及其氮肥利用率

以超级杂交稻"Y两优1号"为材料,设置0(N0)、90kg·hm-2(N1)、135kg·hm-2(N2)、180kg·hm-2(N3)、225kg·hm-2(N4)、270kg·hm-2(N5)6种氮水平,研究了不同供氮水平对水稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。由施氮量-产量模型可得,施氮量为245.9kg·hm-2时可夺取水稻高产(11.42t·hm-2),而施氮量为213.5kg·hm-2时能更好地协调水稻产量和肥料利用率的矛盾,获得最佳经济效益。不同供氮水平下,分别采用Logistic函数对生育时期-总生物量进行动态模拟,各模型因施氮水平的不同而异;各模型均表明,灌浆期群体总生物量增长速率最大;随施氮量的梯度递增,氮肥吸收利用率(NRE)与氮肥农学利用率(NAE)均呈现不同程度下降趋势。本研究设置的处理水平下,N4处理能较好地协调施氮量、产量和氮肥利用率的矛盾,确保夺取高产及相对较高的氮肥利用率。本研究表明,20%穗肥相对较少,不能满足水稻后期灌浆结实需要,超级杂交稻大田栽培建议加大穗肥施用比例。

水分胁迫下美洲黑杨不同无性系间叶片δ^(13)C和水分利用效率的研究

通过温室中控制浇水量的方法 ,对 12个美洲黑杨无性系间总生物量、长期水分利用效率 (WUEL)的差异 ,及WUEL 差异与叶片稳定碳同位素组成 (δ1 3C)的相关性进行研究。结果表明 :水分胁迫下各无性系的总生物量均显著下降 ,而δ1 3C明显上升 ;同等水分处理下 ,无性系间总生物量、WUEL 差异显著 ,J2 、J6 、J7、J8、J9是生物量大、WUEL 高的优良无性系 ;δ1 3C的差异在水分处理间达到极显著水平 ,在无性系间也达到显著水平 ,均方的比较结果显示水分是引起δ1 3C差异的主要因素 ;同等水分处理下δ1 3C和WUEL 正相关 ,各水分处理下二者的相关系数都在0 70以上 ;同等水分处理下 ,δ1 3C是间接评估无性系间WUEL 差异的可靠指标。

小麦生物量和真实叶面积指数的高光谱遥感估算模型

利用大田小麦的参数数据和冠层光谱数据,基于光谱一阶微分技术和光谱响应函数,构建等效MODIS植被指数,建立小麦生物量(本文指总干生物量,下同)和真实叶面积指数的高光谱遥感估算模型。结果表明:①小麦生物量与冠层光谱在552 nm,721 nm处呈现最显著相关关系,叶面积指数与冠层光谱的相关性在400～1 100 nm范围内较显著;②红边位置与生物量的关系最为显著,相关系数R为0.818;③6种等效MODIS植被指数中,增强型植被指数对生物量最为敏感;④红边位置估算小麦总生物量的指数模型最优,决定系数R2为0.829;⑤增强型植被指数与小麦叶面积指数的指数模型拟合度最强,决定系数R2为0.94。利用实测光谱模拟MODIS等效反射率构建植被指数反演小麦参数的方法,可为利用卫星数据进行大面积、无破坏和及时获取地面植被信息研究提供重要手段。

东海浮游动物生物量分布特征

根据1997～2000年东海海域23°30′～33°00′N,118°30′～128°00′E分别进行4个季节的海洋调查资料,对东海区浮游动物总生物量及饵料生物量的数量变动,时空分布及与鱼渔场关系作了分析.结果表明,四季总生物量均值为65 32mg/m3,其中秋季大于夏季大于春季大于冬季;饵料浮游动物生物量均值为40 9mg/m3,约占总生物量的60%,其中秋季大于夏季大于冬季大于春季.总生物量与饵料生物量平面分布趋势基本一致,高生物量(250～500mg/m3)区分布范围极小,一般占总调查面积的1%～4%.东海北部近海125°00′E以西,29°30′N以北水域生物量季节变化最明显.饵料浮游动物生物量平面分布取决于甲壳动物丰度的分布.饵料浮游动物生物量与鱼中心渔场及其仔、稚鱼高密集区分布存在着较好的对应关系,春季鱼中心渔场(>100kg/h1)和仔、稚鱼高密集区(≥100尾/网)位于东海中南部(28°00′～29°30′N)饵料浮游动物最高生物量(100～250mg/m3)密集区内或边缘水域.

鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区湿地植被的干旱响应及影响因素

近年来鄱阳湖干旱事件频发,干旱导致的气象水文要素变化直接影响植被生长状况,尤其是对于地上植被生物量的影响极为显著.研究鄱阳湖干旱事件对于湿地植被的影响,对于保护鸟类栖息地,认识湿地生态功能和结构的变化具有重要的现实意义.利用长期卫星遥感数据,结合植被生物量野外调查,以2003和2006年极端干旱年份为出发点,从湿地植被面积、生物量密度和总生物量的角度分析了鄱阳湖湿地植被生物量对于极端干旱的响应.研究表明:湿地植被面积、生物量密度以及总生物量均呈现双峰分布特征,在4和11月分别达到上、下半年的峰值.2003年植被生物量与多年均值一致,2006年下半年植被面积、生物量密度以及总生物量均明显超出多年均值.影响湿地植被面积的主要因素为鄱阳湖水位变化;而影响植被生物量密度的主要因素为气温和水位,退水时间提前对于生物量密度影响最大;总生物量同时受到植被面积与植被生物量密度的综合影响,其中植被面积的影响更大,植被面积对于总生物量的影响在2006年表现得比2003年更加显著.总之,2006年湿地植被对水文干旱的响应要比气象干旱强烈得多.