Experimental and field study on dissipation coefficient of supersaturated total dissolved gas

The elevated supersaturation of total dissolved gas （TDG） downstream of a high-dam spill has deleterious effects on fish in a large range. A one-dimensional （l-D） longitudinal model is optimal for the prediction of supersaturated TDG dissipation over a long distance. The key issue of the model is to determine the dissipation coefficient accurately. In agreement with field observations and experiment data, dimensional analysis and regression were performed to propose a formula for estimating the dissipation coefficient of supersaturated TDG in various rivers and reservoirs, and it involves the effects of the turbulence intensity, the hydro-pressure and the solid-liquid interface. The friction velocity, water depth, hydraulic radius and Froude number are independent variables in the formula which are easy to determine in practical applications. The 1-D longitudinal model is implemented to calculate the dissipation of TDG in a reach of the Jinsha River. Good agreement is found between the calculated results and field data for both the dissipation coefficient and the dissipation process.

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

Water temperature not only affects the solubility of gas in water but can also be an important factor in the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas （TDG）. The quantitative relationship between the dissipation process and temperature has not been previously described. This relationship affects the accurate evaluation of the dissipation process and the subsequent biological effects. This article experimentally investigates the impact of temperature on supersaturated TDG dissipation in static and turbulent conditions. The results show that the supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficient increases with the temperature and turbulence intensity. The quantitative relationship was verified by straight flume experiments. This study enhances our understanding of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG. Furthermore, it provides a scientific foundation for the accurate prediction of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG in the downstream area and the negative imp）acts of high dam projects on aquatic ecosystems.

Prediction for supersaturated total dissolved gas in high-dam hydropower projects

The supersaturated total dissolved gas(TDG)generated during high dam spills may cause gas bubble disease for fish and ultimately endanger their existence.As more and more high-dam hydropower projects have been constructed in China,the environmental assessment of the supersaturated TDG is becoming more and more important.It is of great importance for quantitative impact assessment of the supersaturated TDG of high dams and for the construction of ecological friendly high-dam hydropower projects.Based on the conceptual summarization of the TDG production process,the TDG prediction model for high-dam projects,in which the ski-jump energy dissipation is adopted,is developed in the paper.The model is validated by field data and employed in the TDG prediction of a high-dam hydropower project to be built in southwest China.

鱼道内过饱和总溶解气体释放规律的试验研究

随着梯级电站的建成运行,总溶解气体(total dissolved gas,TDG)过饱和对鱼类的不利影响受到广泛关注。TDG过饱和水流在库区内的释放速度十分缓慢,上游梯级泄水的不利影响通常会持续到下一梯级坝前。鱼道是恢复河流连通性的重要手段,也是鱼类可能集中分布的区域,TDG过饱和的库区水体作为补给来源可能对通过鱼道的鱼类造成不利影响。本文以自主设计的鱼道型式作为试验水槽,设计开展了不同流量条件下的过饱和TDG输移释放过程试验研究,并根据试验条件开展数值模拟计算,反算得到各条件下的释放系数。结果表明水深是影响过饱和TDG释放的重要因素,过饱和TDG的释放系数随着水深的增大而减小,释放系数与流速、紊动动能、紊动动能耗散率间单因子关系不显著。另外,鱼道复杂的挡板结构使水流流程增长,增加了过饱和TDG释放时间,与无挡板的顺直水槽相比,鱼道内过饱和TDG的释放速度显著提高。该研究为探讨过饱和TDG对过鱼通道内鱼类的不利影响的预测提供参考,同时复杂结构促进过饱和TDG释放的成果也为减缓TDG过饱和不利影响的措施研究提供新思路和参考。

阻水介质对过饱和总溶解气体释放过程影响的实验研究

随着大量高坝的建成运行,泄水引起下游水体中总溶解气体(Total dissolved gas,TDG)过饱和可能致使鱼类患气泡病甚至死亡.考虑到TDG过饱和的泄洪水流在下游河道的输移过程中常伴随河滩地植被被淹没现象.为探讨过饱和TDG的快速释放的恢复技术,以立柱为阻水介质模拟滩地植被,设计开展了不同排列型式、不同疏密程度、不同介质表面粗糙程度条件下的阻水介质作用下过饱和TDG释放过程研究实验,结果表明阻水介质的存在对加速过饱和TDG的释放速度效果显著,过饱和TDG释放速率随阻水介质排列密度的增加、介质表面粗糙程度的增加、介质外观不规则程度的增加而增加.该研究为探讨利用阻水介质加快过饱和TDG释放提供了科学依据,并为减缓TDG过饱和不利影响的措施研究提供新思路和参考.

过饱和TDG释放系数与泥沙含量的关系研究

随着梯级电站的建成运行,总溶解气体(Total dissolved gas,TDG)过饱和对鱼类的不利影响受到更广泛关注。泄洪多发的夏季常伴随冲沙,泥沙含量的变化对过饱和TDG输移释放过程的影响。在自行设计的具有挡板结构的实验水槽中,开展了不同流量和泥沙含量条件下的过饱和TDG输移释放过程实验研究,并开展数值模拟计算,反算得到各条件下的释放系数。结果表明泥沙的存在增加了水中供溶解气体析出所需的介质,加快了过饱和TDG的释放过程,TDG的释放系数也随着泥沙含量的增大而增大。该研究为探讨加快过饱和TDG释放过程的工程措施和减缓TDG过饱和对鱼类不利影响的生态调度措施研究提供技术参考,具有一定应用价值。

Experimental study of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG during the jet breakup process

Elevated levels of the total dissolved gas (TDG) may occur downstream the dams during the spill process to increase the incidence of the gas bubble disease for fish. With increasing numbers of cascade hydropower stations being constructed or planned, the cumulative effects of the TDG supersaturation become an increasingly prominent issue. Previous studies of the supersaturated TDG mainly focused on the generation process in the stilling basin downstream the dam while ignoring the saturation changes during the jet breakup process by assuming a 100% plunge-in-level. This assumption may lead to errors in the TDG generation predictions and the scientific assessments of the TDG supersaturation. Therefore, in this paper, physical experiments are conducted to analyze the dissipation of the supersaturated TDG in the jet breakup process, and to establish a quantitative relation between the initial TDG level and the detention time of the jet in the air. These results indicate how the supersaturated TDG generated by an upstream dam affects the TDG generation and provide a scientific support for accurate predictions of the supersaturated TDG generation for high dam spills.