Total knee replacement(TKR) is one of the most common surgeries over the last decade. Patients undergoing TKR are at high risk for postoperative anemia and furthermore for allogeneic blood transfusions(ABT). Complicat...Total knee replacement(TKR) is one of the most common surgeries over the last decade. Patients undergoing TKR are at high risk for postoperative anemia and furthermore for allogeneic blood transfusions(ABT). Complications associated with ABT including chills, rigor, fever, dyspnea, light-headedness should be early recognized in order to lead to a better prognosis. Therefore, perioperative blood management program should be adopted with main aim to reduce the risk of blood transfusion while maximizing hemoglobin simultaneously. Many blood conservation strategies have been attempted including preoperative autologous blood donation, acute normovolemic haemodilution, autologous blood transfusion, intraoperative cell saver, drain clamping, pneumatic tourniquet application, and the use of tranexamic acid. For practical and clinical reasons we will try to classify these strategies in three main stages/pillars: Pre-operative optimization, intra-operative and post-operative protocols. The aim of this work is review the strategies currently in use and reports our experience regarding the perioperative blood management strategies in TKR.展开更多
Background： Total knee arthroplasty （TKA） is the most frequently performed procedure in treating advanced knee osteoarthritis. Excessive perioperative blood loss can sometimes lead to postoperative anemia. Tranexam...Background： Total knee arthroplasty （TKA） is the most frequently performed procedure in treating advanced knee osteoarthritis. Excessive perioperative blood loss can sometimes lead to postoperative anemia. Tranexamic acid （TXA） is a potent fibrinolysis inhibitor which has been extensively used at the surgical incision and closure to lower overall blood loss in adult reconstruction surgery. Our previous study suggested that about two-thirds of the total blood loss （TBL） came from hidden blood loss （HBL） on postoperative days 1 and 2. The role of reducing HBL with TXA administration in postoperative TKA patients is unknown. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of supplemental intravenous （IV） TXA in further redticing HBL after primary TKA. Methods： A prospective pilot study was conducted at a single institution on 43 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral TKA from September 2014 to February 2015. All patients were given 1 g of IV TXA 10-15 rain before operation and another 1 g of IV TXA at the time of wound closure on the day of surgery. On postoperative days 1 and 2, the supplemental group （n = 21） was given additional 1 g of TXA intravenously twice a day, whereas the control group （n = 22） received an equal volume of saline. Drain output, hemoglobin （Hb）, and hematocrit （HCT） were recorded preoperatively and 5 consecutive days postoperatively in both groups. HBL was calculated with the Gross formula. Pre- and post-operative lower extremity Doppler venous ultrasound was performed in all patients to detect deep vein thrombosis （DVT）. The indexes were compared using the Mann-Whitney test, whereas the results of Hb and HCT were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. The difference was considered statistically significant ifP 〈 0.05. Results： The demographics and surgical characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Supplemental group had higher Hb level on postoperative days 1-5 compared to the control; however, the difference was not significant （F = 2.732, P = 0.106）. The HCT of the supplemental group was significantly higher than that of the control group on postoperative day 5 （F= 5.254, P = 0.027）. No significant difference was found in drainage volume and TBL, but the HBL was reduced in the supplemental group （supplemental 133.1 [71.8,287.3] ml and control 296.0 [ 185.3, 421.4] ml, Z = 2.478, P = 0.013. median [interquartile range]）. There was one DVT in the control group and none in the supplemental group. All patients were tbllowed at 1 year after surgery, and no further complications were reported. Conclusion： Based on the current study, additional doses of IV TXA could potentially further reduce HBL alter primary TKA without increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism.展开更多
目的探讨在加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念下鸡尾酒联合氨甲环酸(tranexamic acid,TXA)对全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后的疗效。方法回顾性分析2020年9月~2022年7月蚌埠医学院第二附属医院...目的探讨在加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念下鸡尾酒联合氨甲环酸(tranexamic acid,TXA)对全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后的疗效。方法回顾性分析2020年9月~2022年7月蚌埠医学院第二附属医院收治的70例行单侧TKA治疗的膝骨关节炎患者,根据治疗方法不同,将其分为试验组和对照组,每组35例。在ERAS理念指导下,试验组于术中关节内注射鸡尾酒和TXA混合液,对照组于术中关节内注射鸡尾酒和0.9%氧化钠溶液混合液。比较两组术后引流量、术后3天血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)下降值和总失血量、输血率、首次下床活动时间、住院时间、术后不同时间点的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS评分)、膝关节活动度(knee range of motion,ROM)以及HSS评分、切口延迟愈合、感染及深静脉血栓形成发生率。结果试验组的术后引流量、术后3天Hb下降值和总失血量以及输血率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);首次下床活动时间和住院时间均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后1、2、3、7、14天疼痛VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后7、14天ROM以及术后4、12周HSS评分的变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在ERAS理念下,TKA中关节内注射鸡尾酒联合TXA,可有效降低术后失血量,改善术后疼痛,减少围术期发生风险,促进术后早期更好的康复,临床疗效显著。展开更多
目的探讨氨甲环酸(TXA)联合肾上腺素减少单侧全膝关节置换术(TKA)后出血的有效性及安全性。方法按照随机、双盲原则,选取2014年5月—2015年4月在三峡大学人民医院骨科初次行单侧TKA且符合纳入与排除标准的患者96例为研究对象。采用随机...目的探讨氨甲环酸(TXA)联合肾上腺素减少单侧全膝关节置换术(TKA)后出血的有效性及安全性。方法按照随机、双盲原则,选取2014年5月—2015年4月在三峡大学人民医院骨科初次行单侧TKA且符合纳入与排除标准的患者96例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组(n=48)和对照组(n=48)。试验组向关节腔内注射TXA和肾上腺素;对照组向关节腔内注射TXA。比较两组患者手术时间、术中止血带使用时间、术后3 d血红蛋白(Hb)下降值、术后3 d血细胞比容(Hct)下降值、术后3 d D-二聚体水平、总出血量、术后引流量、隐性出血量、异体输血率、大腿周经变化率、小腿周经变化率、下肢静脉血栓(DVT)发生率、皮下瘀斑面积>1%发生率。随访3个月,观察是否发生症状性DVT。结果术后3个月的门诊及电话随访未发现症状性DVT。两组患者手术时间、术中止血带使用时间、术后3 d D-二聚体水平、异体输血率、DVT发生率比较(P>0.05)。试验组患者术后3 d Hb下降值、术后3 d Hct下降值、总出血量、术后引流量、隐性出血量、大腿周经变化率、小腿周经变化率、皮下瘀斑面积>1%发生率均小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TXA联合肾上腺素减少单侧TKA后出血的疗效明显且安全。展开更多
文摘Total knee replacement(TKR) is one of the most common surgeries over the last decade. Patients undergoing TKR are at high risk for postoperative anemia and furthermore for allogeneic blood transfusions(ABT). Complications associated with ABT including chills, rigor, fever, dyspnea, light-headedness should be early recognized in order to lead to a better prognosis. Therefore, perioperative blood management program should be adopted with main aim to reduce the risk of blood transfusion while maximizing hemoglobin simultaneously. Many blood conservation strategies have been attempted including preoperative autologous blood donation, acute normovolemic haemodilution, autologous blood transfusion, intraoperative cell saver, drain clamping, pneumatic tourniquet application, and the use of tranexamic acid. For practical and clinical reasons we will try to classify these strategies in three main stages/pillars: Pre-operative optimization, intra-operative and post-operative protocols. The aim of this work is review the strategies currently in use and reports our experience regarding the perioperative blood management strategies in TKR.
文摘Background： Total knee arthroplasty （TKA） is the most frequently performed procedure in treating advanced knee osteoarthritis. Excessive perioperative blood loss can sometimes lead to postoperative anemia. Tranexamic acid （TXA） is a potent fibrinolysis inhibitor which has been extensively used at the surgical incision and closure to lower overall blood loss in adult reconstruction surgery. Our previous study suggested that about two-thirds of the total blood loss （TBL） came from hidden blood loss （HBL） on postoperative days 1 and 2. The role of reducing HBL with TXA administration in postoperative TKA patients is unknown. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of supplemental intravenous （IV） TXA in further redticing HBL after primary TKA. Methods： A prospective pilot study was conducted at a single institution on 43 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral TKA from September 2014 to February 2015. All patients were given 1 g of IV TXA 10-15 rain before operation and another 1 g of IV TXA at the time of wound closure on the day of surgery. On postoperative days 1 and 2, the supplemental group （n = 21） was given additional 1 g of TXA intravenously twice a day, whereas the control group （n = 22） received an equal volume of saline. Drain output, hemoglobin （Hb）, and hematocrit （HCT） were recorded preoperatively and 5 consecutive days postoperatively in both groups. HBL was calculated with the Gross formula. Pre- and post-operative lower extremity Doppler venous ultrasound was performed in all patients to detect deep vein thrombosis （DVT）. The indexes were compared using the Mann-Whitney test, whereas the results of Hb and HCT were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. The difference was considered statistically significant ifP 〈 0.05. Results： The demographics and surgical characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Supplemental group had higher Hb level on postoperative days 1-5 compared to the control; however, the difference was not significant （F = 2.732, P = 0.106）. The HCT of the supplemental group was significantly higher than that of the control group on postoperative day 5 （F= 5.254, P = 0.027）. No significant difference was found in drainage volume and TBL, but the HBL was reduced in the supplemental group （supplemental 133.1 [71.8,287.3] ml and control 296.0 [ 185.3, 421.4] ml, Z = 2.478, P = 0.013. median [interquartile range]）. There was one DVT in the control group and none in the supplemental group. All patients were tbllowed at 1 year after surgery, and no further complications were reported. Conclusion： Based on the current study, additional doses of IV TXA could potentially further reduce HBL alter primary TKA without increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism.
文摘目的探讨在加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念下鸡尾酒联合氨甲环酸(tranexamic acid,TXA)对全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后的疗效。方法回顾性分析2020年9月~2022年7月蚌埠医学院第二附属医院收治的70例行单侧TKA治疗的膝骨关节炎患者,根据治疗方法不同,将其分为试验组和对照组,每组35例。在ERAS理念指导下,试验组于术中关节内注射鸡尾酒和TXA混合液,对照组于术中关节内注射鸡尾酒和0.9%氧化钠溶液混合液。比较两组术后引流量、术后3天血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)下降值和总失血量、输血率、首次下床活动时间、住院时间、术后不同时间点的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS评分)、膝关节活动度(knee range of motion,ROM)以及HSS评分、切口延迟愈合、感染及深静脉血栓形成发生率。结果试验组的术后引流量、术后3天Hb下降值和总失血量以及输血率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);首次下床活动时间和住院时间均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后1、2、3、7、14天疼痛VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后7、14天ROM以及术后4、12周HSS评分的变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在ERAS理念下,TKA中关节内注射鸡尾酒联合TXA,可有效降低术后失血量,改善术后疼痛,减少围术期发生风险,促进术后早期更好的康复,临床疗效显著。
文摘目的探讨氨甲环酸(TXA)联合肾上腺素减少单侧全膝关节置换术(TKA)后出血的有效性及安全性。方法按照随机、双盲原则,选取2014年5月—2015年4月在三峡大学人民医院骨科初次行单侧TKA且符合纳入与排除标准的患者96例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组(n=48)和对照组(n=48)。试验组向关节腔内注射TXA和肾上腺素;对照组向关节腔内注射TXA。比较两组患者手术时间、术中止血带使用时间、术后3 d血红蛋白(Hb)下降值、术后3 d血细胞比容(Hct)下降值、术后3 d D-二聚体水平、总出血量、术后引流量、隐性出血量、异体输血率、大腿周经变化率、小腿周经变化率、下肢静脉血栓(DVT)发生率、皮下瘀斑面积>1%发生率。随访3个月,观察是否发生症状性DVT。结果术后3个月的门诊及电话随访未发现症状性DVT。两组患者手术时间、术中止血带使用时间、术后3 d D-二聚体水平、异体输血率、DVT发生率比较(P>0.05)。试验组患者术后3 d Hb下降值、术后3 d Hct下降值、总出血量、术后引流量、隐性出血量、大腿周经变化率、小腿周经变化率、皮下瘀斑面积>1%发生率均小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TXA联合肾上腺素减少单侧TKA后出血的疗效明显且安全。
