The scaling relationship between leaf area and total mass of plant has important implications for understanding resource allocations in the plant.The model of West,Brown and Enquist(WBE model)considers that a 3/4 scal...The scaling relationship between leaf area and total mass of plant has important implications for understanding resource allocations in the plant.The model of West,Brown and Enquist(WBE model)considers that a 3/4 scaling exponent of metabolic rate versus total mass to be optimal for each plant and has been confirmed numerous times.Although leaf area is a better proxy of the metabolic rate than leaf mass,few studies have focused on the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass and even fewer have discussed the diversification of this scaling exponent across different conditions.Here,I analyzed the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass of sample plots across world plants.I found that as the plant grows,it allocates fewer resources to photosynthetic tissues than expected by the WBE model.The results also empirically show that this scaling exponent varies significantly for different plant leaf habit,taxonomic class and geographic region.Therefore,leaf strategy in response to environmental pressure and constraint clearly plays a significant role.展开更多
We compute the Dirac indexes for the two spin structures K0 and K1 for Eguchi-Hanson metrics with nonzero total mass. It shows that the Dirac indexes do not vanish in general, and axial anomaly exists. When the metric...We compute the Dirac indexes for the two spin structures K0 and K1 for Eguchi-Hanson metrics with nonzero total mass. It shows that the Dirac indexes do not vanish in general, and axial anomaly exists. When the metric has zero total mass, the Dirac index vanishes for the spin structure K0, and no axial anomaly exists in this case.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the effect of body mass index(BMI) on short-term functional outcome and complications in primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS All patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty at a single ins...AIM To evaluate the effect of body mass index(BMI) on short-term functional outcome and complications in primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS All patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty at a single institution between 2007 and 2013 were identified from a prospective arthroplasty database. 2180 patients were included in the study. Age, gender, BMI, pre- and post-operative functional scores [Western Ontario and Mc Master University Arthritis Index(WOMAC) and SF-36], complications and revision rate were recorded. Patients were grouped according to the WHO BMI classification. The functional outcome of the normal weight cohort(BMI < 25) was compared to the overweight and obese(BMI ≥ 25) cohort. A separate sub-group analysis was performed comparing all five WHO BMI groups; Normal weight, overweight, class 1 obese, class 2 obese and class 3 obese.RESULTS With a mean age of 67.89(28-92), 2180 primary total knee replacements were included. 64.36%(1403) were female. The mean BMI was 31.86(18-52). Ninty-three percent of patients were either overweight or obese. Mean follow-up 19.33 mo(6-60 mo). There was no significant difference in pre or post-operative WOMAC score in the normal weight(BMI < 25) cohort compared to patients with a BMI ≥ 25(P > 0.05). Sub-group analysis revealed significantly worse WOMAC scores in class 2 obese 30.80 compared to overweight 25.80(P < 0.01) and class 1 obese 25.50(P < 0.01). Similarly, there were significantly worse SF-36 scores in class 2 obese 58.16 compared to overweight 63.93(P < 0.01) and class 1 obese 63.65(P < 0.01) There were 32(1.47%) superficial infections, 9(0.41%) deep infections and 19(0.87%) revisions overall with no complications or revisions in the normal weight cohort(BMI < 25).CONCLUSION Post-operative functional outcome was not influenced by BMI comparing normal weight individuals with BMI > 25. Patients should not be denied total knee arthroplasty based solely on weight alone.展开更多
目的:比较机器人辅助腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜关于全子宫切除术在不同体质指数患者中的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾性收集2016年2月至2021年4月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院接受了机器人辅助腹腔镜全子宫切除术(n=416)和传统腹腔镜全子宫切除术...目的:比较机器人辅助腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜关于全子宫切除术在不同体质指数患者中的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾性收集2016年2月至2021年4月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院接受了机器人辅助腹腔镜全子宫切除术(n=416)和传统腹腔镜全子宫切除术(n=725)患者的病例资料。按照不同等级体质指数(body mass index,BMI)对患者进行分层(非超重、超重和肥胖),比较2组中各BMI亚组间患者的围术期情况、术中及术后并发症。结果:机器人组中超重亚组的手术时间短于传统腹腔镜组[(125.37±50.92) min vs.(135.68±44.55) min],机器人组中3个BMI亚组的术中出血量均少于传统腹腔镜组[(60.46±45.20) mL vs.(92.88±105.13) mL、(72.01±62.03) mL vs.(115.02±123.38) mL及(65.59±37.92) mL vs.(125.16±96.07) mL],机器人组中超重亚组和肥胖亚组的首次排气时间均短于传统腹腔镜组[(2.04±0.83) d vs.(2.19±0.63) d和(1.97±0.54) d vs.(2.19±0.54) d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。机器人组中各BMI亚组术中及术后总体并发症发生率仍低于腹腔镜组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超重和肥胖患者的全子宫切除术,机器人辅助腹腔镜相较于传统腹腔镜在围术期降低并发症等方面有一定优势。展开更多
This article presents a new method to calculate the composition differences(ε)for targeting the mini-mum total annualized cost(TAC)of a mass exchange network(MEN),which is based on the combination of com-position int...This article presents a new method to calculate the composition differences(ε)for targeting the mini-mum total annualized cost(TAC)of a mass exchange network(MEN),which is based on the combination of com-position interval diagram(CID)with mathematical programming.The total cost target consists of the capital cost of the process units and the operating cost for mass separating agents(MSAs).The value of total cost varies consid-erably with the composition differences,so the values of ε should be optimized in order to obtain minimum TAC of a MEN.This article considers ε as a set of unequal variables for each equilibrium equation of a rich-lean stream pair,employing them to build the CID and mathematical model,which optimizes the structure and composition differ-ences simultaneously.Two examples are applied to illustrate the proposed method and the results demonstrate that the approach introduced by this article is simpler and more convenient than the methods in previous literatures.展开更多
A new interpretation of the relativistic equation relating total-, momentum-, and mass-energies is presented. With the aid of the familiar energy-relationship triangle, old and new interpretations are compared. And th...A new interpretation of the relativistic equation relating total-, momentum-, and mass-energies is presented. With the aid of the familiar energy-relationship triangle, old and new interpretations are compared. And the key difference is emphasized—apparent relativity versus intrinsic relativity. Mass-to-energy conversion is then brought about by adopting a three-part strategy: 1) Make the motion relative to the universal space medium. This allows the introduction of the concept of intrinsic energy (total, kinetic, and mass energies) as counterpart to the apparent version. 2) Recognize that a particle’s mass property diminishes with increase in speed. This means introducing the concept of intrinsic mass (which varies with intrinsic speed). 3) Impose a change in the particle’s gravitational environment. Instead of applying an electromagnetic accelerating force or energy in order to alter the particle’s total energy, there will simply be an environmental change. Thus, it is shown how to use relativity equations and relativistic motion—in a way that exploits the distinction between apparent and innate levels of reality—to explain the mass-to-energy-conversion mechanism. Moreover, the mechanism explains the 100-percent conversion of mass to energy;which, in turn, leads to an explanation of the mechanism driving astrophysical jets.展开更多
Obesity (Ob) is an accepted major risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of at least three of five risk factors, which predispose to high oxidative stress (OS), but all obese do not show symptoms...Obesity (Ob) is an accepted major risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of at least three of five risk factors, which predispose to high oxidative stress (OS), but all obese do not show symptoms of MetS. There is dearth of data comparing OS homeostasis of severely obese adults with and without MetS, and need for biomarkers to help in differential diagnosis. Erythrocytic lipid and protein damage markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO), antioxidant enzymes erythrocytic superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT), plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as ferric-reducing-ability-of-plasma (FRAP) were compared to understand OS homeostasis among 102 severely Ob (body mass index > 30), 102 Ob with severe (z-score > 2) MetS as per National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and 100 healthy non-obese Controls. MDA/PCO and all antioxidant enzymes were lowest for ObMetS, followed by Ob, indicating greater damage to protein moieties of the erythrocytic membrane. Multiple regression analysis confirmed z-scores > 2 as significant predictor of lowered enzymes and TAC. Receiver Operator Curve analysis predicted that TAC was the most potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of MetS with an Odds Ratio of 88.5 indicating the high probability that FRAP would be low for ObMetS (z-score > 2) than for Ob with BMI > 30, but z-scores < 1. TAC is qualified as the most effective biomarker to distinguish between severely obese respondents with and without metabolic syndrome, and as a useful candidate for study of homeostatic breakdown in metabolic syndrome and the importance of z-score in assessment of MetS in obese respondents.展开更多
BACKGROUND A large cervical cyst with a cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion arising from the cervical stump is rare.After supracervical hysterectomy,there is a risk of various lesions occurring in the ...BACKGROUND A large cervical cyst with a cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion arising from the cervical stump is rare.After supracervical hysterectomy,there is a risk of various lesions occurring in the cervical stump.We review the types and characteristics of cervical stump lesions and compare total hysterectomy with subtotal hysterectomy.Gynecologists should choose the most suitable surgical method based on both the patient’s condition and wishes.If the cervix is retained,patients require a close follow-up.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman was admitted to the Gynecology Department for a large pelvic mass.Her chief complaint was abdominal distention for two months.She had undergone subtotal supracervical hysterectomy for leiomyoma 14 years prior.Abdominal ultrasonography detected a 9.1 cm×8.5 cm×8.4 cm anechoic mass with silvery fluid in the pelvic cavity and high-risk human papilloma virus 53(HPV53)was positive.The admission diagnosis we first considered was a pelvic mass mimicking carcinoma of the cervical stump.We performed a laparotomy and a rapid frozen biopsy was suggestive of a fibrous cyst wall coated with a high squamous intraepithelial lesion.The pelvic mass was removed,and a bilateral adnexectomy was implemented.Final pathology confirmed that the pelvic mass was a large inflammatory cyst with a cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.After successful intervention,the patient was discharged one week after surgery and there was no recurrence of the vaginal stump at 43 mo.CONCLUSION When addressing benign uterine diseases,gynecologists should pay adequate attention to retaining the cervix.If the cervix is retained,patients require a close follow-up.展开更多
文摘The scaling relationship between leaf area and total mass of plant has important implications for understanding resource allocations in the plant.The model of West,Brown and Enquist(WBE model)considers that a 3/4 scaling exponent of metabolic rate versus total mass to be optimal for each plant and has been confirmed numerous times.Although leaf area is a better proxy of the metabolic rate than leaf mass,few studies have focused on the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass and even fewer have discussed the diversification of this scaling exponent across different conditions.Here,I analyzed the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass of sample plots across world plants.I found that as the plant grows,it allocates fewer resources to photosynthetic tissues than expected by the WBE model.The results also empirically show that this scaling exponent varies significantly for different plant leaf habit,taxonomic class and geographic region.Therefore,leaf strategy in response to environmental pressure and constraint clearly plays a significant role.
文摘We compute the Dirac indexes for the two spin structures K0 and K1 for Eguchi-Hanson metrics with nonzero total mass. It shows that the Dirac indexes do not vanish in general, and axial anomaly exists. When the metric has zero total mass, the Dirac index vanishes for the spin structure K0, and no axial anomaly exists in this case.
文摘AIM To evaluate the effect of body mass index(BMI) on short-term functional outcome and complications in primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS All patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty at a single institution between 2007 and 2013 were identified from a prospective arthroplasty database. 2180 patients were included in the study. Age, gender, BMI, pre- and post-operative functional scores [Western Ontario and Mc Master University Arthritis Index(WOMAC) and SF-36], complications and revision rate were recorded. Patients were grouped according to the WHO BMI classification. The functional outcome of the normal weight cohort(BMI < 25) was compared to the overweight and obese(BMI ≥ 25) cohort. A separate sub-group analysis was performed comparing all five WHO BMI groups; Normal weight, overweight, class 1 obese, class 2 obese and class 3 obese.RESULTS With a mean age of 67.89(28-92), 2180 primary total knee replacements were included. 64.36%(1403) were female. The mean BMI was 31.86(18-52). Ninty-three percent of patients were either overweight or obese. Mean follow-up 19.33 mo(6-60 mo). There was no significant difference in pre or post-operative WOMAC score in the normal weight(BMI < 25) cohort compared to patients with a BMI ≥ 25(P > 0.05). Sub-group analysis revealed significantly worse WOMAC scores in class 2 obese 30.80 compared to overweight 25.80(P < 0.01) and class 1 obese 25.50(P < 0.01). Similarly, there were significantly worse SF-36 scores in class 2 obese 58.16 compared to overweight 63.93(P < 0.01) and class 1 obese 63.65(P < 0.01) There were 32(1.47%) superficial infections, 9(0.41%) deep infections and 19(0.87%) revisions overall with no complications or revisions in the normal weight cohort(BMI < 25).CONCLUSION Post-operative functional outcome was not influenced by BMI comparing normal weight individuals with BMI > 25. Patients should not be denied total knee arthroplasty based solely on weight alone.
文摘目的:比较机器人辅助腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜关于全子宫切除术在不同体质指数患者中的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾性收集2016年2月至2021年4月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院接受了机器人辅助腹腔镜全子宫切除术(n=416)和传统腹腔镜全子宫切除术(n=725)患者的病例资料。按照不同等级体质指数(body mass index,BMI)对患者进行分层(非超重、超重和肥胖),比较2组中各BMI亚组间患者的围术期情况、术中及术后并发症。结果:机器人组中超重亚组的手术时间短于传统腹腔镜组[(125.37±50.92) min vs.(135.68±44.55) min],机器人组中3个BMI亚组的术中出血量均少于传统腹腔镜组[(60.46±45.20) mL vs.(92.88±105.13) mL、(72.01±62.03) mL vs.(115.02±123.38) mL及(65.59±37.92) mL vs.(125.16±96.07) mL],机器人组中超重亚组和肥胖亚组的首次排气时间均短于传统腹腔镜组[(2.04±0.83) d vs.(2.19±0.63) d和(1.97±0.54) d vs.(2.19±0.54) d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。机器人组中各BMI亚组术中及术后总体并发症发生率仍低于腹腔镜组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超重和肥胖患者的全子宫切除术,机器人辅助腹腔镜相较于传统腹腔镜在围术期降低并发症等方面有一定优势。
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022JKF02006)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control,Ministry of Public Security(2023-KLDMC-02)。
文摘This article presents a new method to calculate the composition differences(ε)for targeting the mini-mum total annualized cost(TAC)of a mass exchange network(MEN),which is based on the combination of com-position interval diagram(CID)with mathematical programming.The total cost target consists of the capital cost of the process units and the operating cost for mass separating agents(MSAs).The value of total cost varies consid-erably with the composition differences,so the values of ε should be optimized in order to obtain minimum TAC of a MEN.This article considers ε as a set of unequal variables for each equilibrium equation of a rich-lean stream pair,employing them to build the CID and mathematical model,which optimizes the structure and composition differ-ences simultaneously.Two examples are applied to illustrate the proposed method and the results demonstrate that the approach introduced by this article is simpler and more convenient than the methods in previous literatures.
文摘A new interpretation of the relativistic equation relating total-, momentum-, and mass-energies is presented. With the aid of the familiar energy-relationship triangle, old and new interpretations are compared. And the key difference is emphasized—apparent relativity versus intrinsic relativity. Mass-to-energy conversion is then brought about by adopting a three-part strategy: 1) Make the motion relative to the universal space medium. This allows the introduction of the concept of intrinsic energy (total, kinetic, and mass energies) as counterpart to the apparent version. 2) Recognize that a particle’s mass property diminishes with increase in speed. This means introducing the concept of intrinsic mass (which varies with intrinsic speed). 3) Impose a change in the particle’s gravitational environment. Instead of applying an electromagnetic accelerating force or energy in order to alter the particle’s total energy, there will simply be an environmental change. Thus, it is shown how to use relativity equations and relativistic motion—in a way that exploits the distinction between apparent and innate levels of reality—to explain the mass-to-energy-conversion mechanism. Moreover, the mechanism explains the 100-percent conversion of mass to energy;which, in turn, leads to an explanation of the mechanism driving astrophysical jets.
文摘Obesity (Ob) is an accepted major risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of at least three of five risk factors, which predispose to high oxidative stress (OS), but all obese do not show symptoms of MetS. There is dearth of data comparing OS homeostasis of severely obese adults with and without MetS, and need for biomarkers to help in differential diagnosis. Erythrocytic lipid and protein damage markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO), antioxidant enzymes erythrocytic superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT), plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as ferric-reducing-ability-of-plasma (FRAP) were compared to understand OS homeostasis among 102 severely Ob (body mass index > 30), 102 Ob with severe (z-score > 2) MetS as per National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and 100 healthy non-obese Controls. MDA/PCO and all antioxidant enzymes were lowest for ObMetS, followed by Ob, indicating greater damage to protein moieties of the erythrocytic membrane. Multiple regression analysis confirmed z-scores > 2 as significant predictor of lowered enzymes and TAC. Receiver Operator Curve analysis predicted that TAC was the most potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of MetS with an Odds Ratio of 88.5 indicating the high probability that FRAP would be low for ObMetS (z-score > 2) than for Ob with BMI > 30, but z-scores < 1. TAC is qualified as the most effective biomarker to distinguish between severely obese respondents with and without metabolic syndrome, and as a useful candidate for study of homeostatic breakdown in metabolic syndrome and the importance of z-score in assessment of MetS in obese respondents.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81772790 and No.81602293Postgraduate Innovation Fund of 13th Five-year Comprehensive Investment,Tianjin Medical University,No.YJSCX201812
文摘BACKGROUND A large cervical cyst with a cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion arising from the cervical stump is rare.After supracervical hysterectomy,there is a risk of various lesions occurring in the cervical stump.We review the types and characteristics of cervical stump lesions and compare total hysterectomy with subtotal hysterectomy.Gynecologists should choose the most suitable surgical method based on both the patient’s condition and wishes.If the cervix is retained,patients require a close follow-up.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman was admitted to the Gynecology Department for a large pelvic mass.Her chief complaint was abdominal distention for two months.She had undergone subtotal supracervical hysterectomy for leiomyoma 14 years prior.Abdominal ultrasonography detected a 9.1 cm×8.5 cm×8.4 cm anechoic mass with silvery fluid in the pelvic cavity and high-risk human papilloma virus 53(HPV53)was positive.The admission diagnosis we first considered was a pelvic mass mimicking carcinoma of the cervical stump.We performed a laparotomy and a rapid frozen biopsy was suggestive of a fibrous cyst wall coated with a high squamous intraepithelial lesion.The pelvic mass was removed,and a bilateral adnexectomy was implemented.Final pathology confirmed that the pelvic mass was a large inflammatory cyst with a cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.After successful intervention,the patient was discharged one week after surgery and there was no recurrence of the vaginal stump at 43 mo.CONCLUSION When addressing benign uterine diseases,gynecologists should pay adequate attention to retaining the cervix.If the cervix is retained,patients require a close follow-up.
