The Application of Combination Forecasting Model in Forecasting the Total Power of Agricultural Machinery in Heilongjiang Province

Agricultural machinery total power is an important index to reflect and evaluate the level of agricultural mechanization. Firstly,we respectively made use of exponential model,grey forecasting and BP neural network to construct models depending on historical data of agricultural machinery total power of Heilongjiang Province; secondly,we constructed the combined forecasting models that respectively based on divergence coefficient method,quadratic programming and weight distribution of Shapley value. Fitting results showed that the various combination forecasting model is superior to the single models. Finally,we applied the combination forecasting model which based on the weight distribution method of Shapley value to forecast Heilongjiang agricultural machinery total power,and it would provide some reference to the development and program for power of agriculture machinery.

Effects of subsoiling on working quality and total power consumption of high stubble straw returning machine

Straw returning into field is a direct and effective measure to reduce the straw burning and improve the soil organic matter content.Straw returning directly to field needs higher performance machines,especially under the condition of large amount of straw in the field is more difficult.Therefore,the model of conservation tillage by combination of subsoiling and straw returning was studied.Experiments on combined tillage machine for effect of subsoiling on working quality and total power consumption for high stubble straw returning were carried out.The high stubble rape field was used as the test field;forward speed and PTO speed of tractor were taken as the test factors.Straw coverage rate and straw proportion of the lower half burying layer were taken as the test indexes of the working quality.Subsoiling and rotary burying(SRB)returning operation was used as experimental group and direct rotary burying(DRB)returning operation was the control group.The results showed that under different working conditions,the mean value of straw coverage rate of SRB was 93.0%,straw proportion of the lower half burying layer was 52.8%,these values were better than DRB.The straw proportion of the lower half burying layer of SRB compared with DRB increased by 10.5%.Two factors all had a significant effect on it under the SRB and DRB conditions.Subsoiling could significantly reduce the PTO torque.Under low speed,the total power consumption of SRB was slightly smaller,while under high speed,the total power consumption of DRB was slightly smaller.Under the SRB and DRB conditions,two factors both had a significant effect on total power consumption.The optimal working combination(working quality as the primary index)was 1.5 km/h of forward speed and 720 r/min of PTO speed.Under this condition,the straw coverage rate was 94.1%,the straw proportion of the lower half burying layer was 59.0%,and the total power consumption was 35.62 kW.The research confirmed that subsoiling is beneficial to the working quality and total power consumption of high stubble straw returning machine.It could meet the working requirements,and provide a reference for optimizing straw returning machine and improving working quality.

Evaluation of axial length/total corneal refractive power ratio as a potential marker for ocular diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome in children

AIM:To investigate whether the axial length(AL)/total corneal refractive power(TCRP)ratio is a sensitive and simple factor that can be used for the early diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome(MFS)in children.METHODS:The relationship between the AL/TCRP ratio and the diagnosis of MFS for 192 eyes in 97 children were evaluate.The biological characteristics,including age,sex,AL,and TCRP,were collected from medical records.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to investigate whether the AL/TCRP ratio effectively distinguishes MFS from other subjects.The Youden index was used to re-divide the whole population into two groups according to an AL/TCRP ratio of 0.59.RESULTS:Of 96 subjects(mean age 7.46±3.28 y)evaluated,56(110 eyes)had a definite diagnosis of MFS in childhood based on the revised Ghent criteria,41(82 eyes)with diagnosis of congenital ectopia lentis(EL)were included as a control group.AL was negatively correlated with TCRP,with a linear regression coefficient of-0.36(R2=0.08).A significant correlation was found between age and the AL/TCRP ratio(P=0.023).ROC curve analysis showed that the AL/TCRP ratio distinguished MFS from the other patients at a threshold of 0.59.MFS patients were present in 24/58(41.38%)patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of≤0.59 and in 34/39(87.18%)patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of>0.59.CONCLUSION:An AL/TCRP ratio of>0.59 is significantly associated with the risk of MFS.The AL/TCRP ratio should be measured as a promising marker for the prognosis of children MFS.Changes in the AL/TCRP ratio should be monitored over time.

Existence and uniqueness of extreme point of total power rate functional for hot rolling problem with rigid-plastic SCM model

The total power rate functional for hot rolling problem with the rigid-plastic SCM model is considered. The gradient operator of the plastic deformation power rate functional is deduced. it is strictly monotone mapping. Further, it is proved that the frictional power rate functional is a convex functional and the tensional stress power rate functional is a linear one. Hence, the total power rate functional is a strictly convex functional. By using nonlinear functional analysis methods, the existence and uniqueness of extreme point of the functional is obtained.

A novel analysis of Scheimpflug total corneal refractive power following corneal cross-linking in mild to moderate keratoconus

AIM:To detect an earlier improvement in mild to moderate keratoconus following corneal cross-linking(CXL)with total corneal refractive power(TCRP)using ray tracing method.METHODS:A total of 40 eyes of 30 consecutive patients who underwent CXL for progressive keratoconus were retrospectively enrolled.The following keratometric parameters provided by Pentacam HR,including maximum keratometry(Kmax),steepest keratometry(Ksteep),3 mm zonal TCRP centered over corneal apex(TCRPapex,zone 3 mm),zonal mean keratometry and TCRP centered over corneal cone(Kmcone,zone and TCRPcone,zone 1,2,3 mm)were evaluated preoperatively and 1,3,6,and 12 mo postoperatively.Groups 1 and 2 were defined based on Kmax at postoperative 1 mo as improved(the initial improvement group)or worsen(the initial deterioration group)compared to the preoperative level.RESULTS:In the overall group,only keratometric parameters based on ray tracing method displayed significant improvement early at 3 mo postoperatively,in which TCRPcone,zone 1 mm and 2 mm exhibited the largest flattening(0.57 D and 0.53 D,respectively).In Group 1,only Kmax,Kmcone,zone 2 mm and TCRPcone,zone 2 mm showed significant improvement initially at 1 mo postoperatively,in which Kmax exhibited the largest improvement(1.05 D),followed by TCRPcone,zone 2 mm(0.82 D).In Group 2,only keratometric parameters based on ray tracing method and Kmcone,zone 3 mm showed slight but not significant improvement early at 3 mo,in which TCRPcone,zone 3 mm displayed the most improvement(0.19 D),followed by TCRPcone,zone 2 mm(0.15 D).CONCLUSION:The findings indicate that a 2 mm zonal TCRP centered over Kmax could earlier detect keratometric improvement by CXL compared to other commonly used parameters in mild to moderate keratoconic eyes.

计及总损耗功率的电动汽车母线电容主动快速放电方法

针对电动汽车遇到碰撞等紧急情况时,高压驱动系统母线电容电压需迅速降到安全电压(60 V),而传统基于PI控制的母线电容主动放电方法存在鲁棒性差、放电时间长和安全性低的问题,提出一种计及总损耗功率的电动汽车母线电容快速放电方法。首先,建立以永磁同步电机绕组作为泄放电阻的母线电容能量流动模型,将逆变器损耗、电机绕组铜耗、电机电感储能等损耗作为总损耗,利用扩展滑模观测器(ESMO)对总损耗功率进行估算,并通过Lyapunov稳定性理论对ESMO的稳定性进行了证明。然后,将观测的总损耗功进行前馈补偿,从而使母线电压快速降低并稳定在安全电压。仿真和实验结果表明,与现有主动放电方法相比,所提放电方法不仅显著减小了放电时间,而且提高了快速放电的鲁棒性和安全性。

基于PXI标准的功率器件总剂量效应测试系统研制

设计了一款针对功率器件的总剂量效应测试系统。该系统基于外围组件互连(PXI)扩展主机系统,设计了测试板卡,并通过设计不同工艺的半导体功率器件测试工装,实现功率器件的批量自动化测试。结果表明,氮化镓工艺的功率器件的耐总剂量效应优于硅和碳化硅工艺的功率器件的。

基于JPASR算法的工业安全传输总功率消耗性能评估

结构复杂多跳无线传感器网络物理层安全性能优化时存在组合窃听问题。为了提高工业无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor networks,WSN)安全路由安全性,设计了一种基于功率分配安全路由算法的传输总功率消耗性能评估方法。研究结果表明:网络路由传输功率随着网络节点数不断增加而持续降低。网络系统功率的合理分配可利用联合功率分配安全路由算法(Join power allocation secure routing,JPASR)算法网络拓扑结构实现,对比各算法所获功率在路由安全的情况下最低,节能效果最佳。为获取低误码率,当误码率门限较低时,对应功率消耗量更大。相比于主成分分析(Principal-component analysis,FA)算法与安全路由(Secure route,SR)算法,JPASR算法传输所消耗的总功率更低。

家用空调器产品监督检验中常见不合格项目解析

制冷量、制冷消耗功率、全年能源消耗效率(APF)和制冷季节能源消耗效率(SEER)、接地措施、连续骚扰(端子电压)这五个项目是家用空气调节器产品在监督检验中常见的不合格项目,本文通过列举具体案例,从标准要求和实测数据等方面,重点分析了导致不合格产生的客观及主观原因,并给出了相应的整改方案,为企业提升认识、完善设计、加强质控、规范制造提供了有效的改进建议,助力企业生产出符合国家标准要求的合格产品。

基于改进变步长LMS算法的谐波电流检测法

针对传统基于瞬时无功功率理论谐波电流检测中的二阶低通滤波器无法同时满足检测精度和响应时间的问题,提出了基于改进的双曲正切函数变步长LMS算法(IVSSLMS)的低通滤波器提取p轴和q轴中直流分量的方法;将两个谐波电流的间隔时间通过适当的调节采样间隔次数来延长,目的是为了达到高次谐波的自相关性能迅速降为零。从理论上分析了算法性能的优越,给出了参数的取值,并在simulink中搭建了仿真模型,仿真实验结果表明,改进后的低通滤波器直流分量的跟踪速度提升了一倍,得到基波正弦波形的THD值下降了0.37%。并得出以下结论:在同样输电条件下,采用改进变步长LMS算法构成低通滤波器加快了直流量的跟踪,提取的基波分量更加接近于理想波形,提升了谐波检测的瞬时性和准确性。

集成电路和功率器件抗辐射工艺加固技术研究综述

随着我国空间装备的高速发展,尤其是深空探测器,微电子器件抗辐射性能得到广泛关注。抗辐射工艺加固是实现器件抗辐射性能提升的重要途径之一。本文围绕空间总剂量效应和单粒子效应,对近年来集成电路和功率器件辐射效应机理和工艺加固技术的研究进展进行了介绍和总结,为抗辐射工艺加固技术的发展与应用提供了有益参考。

面向高可靠性的钻石型配电网及其派生结构分析

“双碳”背景下,新型配电系统将向着适应高比例可再生能源接入的方向发展。为满足新型配电系统高可靠性、高供电能力的要求,上海市根据自身配电网建设提出了钻石型配电网,然而当前针对该网架的研究较少。本文首先介绍了钻石型配电网的结构,并在此基础上提出了双工—钻石型配电网,之后根据钻石型配电网特殊结构生成故障隔离、恢复策略,建立了考虑高比例可再生能源接入的可靠性评估算法,建立了含分布式电源的配电系统分时段最大供电能力模型。最后通过具体算例,分析了大规模可再生能源接入的影响,比较了开关站单环网、钻石型配电网、双工型配电网在可靠性、供电能力上的差异,验证了钻石型配电网及本文提出的双工型配电网的优越性。

木醋液型饲料添加剂储藏稳定性研究

为制备天然、低毒类饲料添加剂,本研究探究了环境条件对蒙古栎木醋液抗氧化稳定性的影响,分析影响稳定性的抗氧化物质。采用静置-过滤-萃取(二氯甲烷与木醋液体积比1∶1)-旋转薄膜蒸发精制蒙古栎木醋液,气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析挥发成分。以总还原力为指标,研究温度、光照、p H、金属离子、氧化剂(H_(2)O_(2))、抗氧化剂(抗坏血酸)对蒙古栎木醋液总还原力的影响,探究抗氧化稳定性,结合GC-MS测定结果综合分析影响木醋液抗氧化稳定性的化合物。结果表明:木醋液由酚类(57.96%)、酮类(20.13%)、酯类(14.25%)等化合物组成。相对含量最高的化合物是愈创木酚(41.46%),其次是苯酚(11.38%)、3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮(9.56%)、2,3-二甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮(8.10%)等。25℃处理6 h的总还原力较50、70、90℃分别提高了9.05%、36.42%、75.69%(P<0.05);p H=7处理6 h的总还原力较p H=3、p H=5、p H=9、p H=11分别提高了27.05%、9.13%、52.90%、68.59%(P<0.05);黑暗避光处理7 d的总还原力较炽光灯组和自然光组分别提高了22.66%、62.27%(P<0.05);Fe^(3+)组处理7 d的总还原力较Na^(+)、Ba^(2+)、K^(+)组分别提高了22.55%、65.52%和57.38%(P<0.05);0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%H_(2)O_(2)处理7 d的总还原力较对照组分别降低了7.66%、19.34%、36.49%、47.81%(P<0.05);0.1%抗坏血酸处理7 d的总还原力较对照组提高了5.24%(P<0.05)。高温,碱性,自然光,高浓度的氧化剂和抗氧化剂,含有Ba^(2+)、K^(+)、Na^(+)的环境均不利于木醋液型饲料添加剂的储藏。蒙古栎木醋液抗氧化稳定性受酚类物质中愈创木酚、苯酚、邻苯酚等化合物影响。此研究为木醋液型饲料添加剂的制备、储藏提供理论参考。

工业机器人应用对全球价值链分工地位的影响——来自跨国面板数据的经验证据

在全球范围内日益增强的“机器换人”趋势,不仅促进当前全球化的生产组织方式和经营管理模式变革,还对全球价值链的动态演化产生重大影响。本文运用双边随机前沿分析法,测算全球价值链议价能力指数,选取2002—2019年71个经济体12个行业的面板数据,结合理论推导和实证分析,检验工业机器人应用对全球价值链分工地位的影响效应。研究结果表明,工业机器人应用对经济体各行业全球价值链分工地位有正向促进效用,且在一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。究其机制,工业机器人应用通过提高全要素生产率和优化资源配置提高全球价值链分工地位。异质性分析结果表明,该效用在资本相对充裕、制度环境相对稳定的经济体和资本密集型行业上表现得更为明显。本文深化了对于工业机器人应用如何影响全球价值链分工地位的理解,为制造业智能化发展、现代化产业体系建设提供理论指导和政策参考。

配电网分布式发电渗透率极限值定义与计算方法

未来配电网接入分布式发电的比例将不断提高,为此提出了分布式发电(distributed generation,DG)渗透率极限值的定义及计算方法。首先,利用消纳能力曲线和负荷时序特性得到按时间分布的消纳能力。其次,在此基础上定义功率、容量和能量3个渗透率极限值。将渗透率极限值定义为保证任一时刻DG出力不超过该时刻消纳能力下的渗透率的最大值。再次,给出渗透率极限值的计算方法。根据DG容量及其时序出力特性和按时间分布的消纳能力确定DG容量极限值,进而得到渗透率极限值。最后,用IEEE 33节点算例进行验证,与现有方法比较表明,所得结果更为准确。定义的渗透率极限值易于使用,在满足安全性前提下,为衡量DG接入配电网程度提供了重要的参考指标。

面向空间应用的GaN功率器件及其辐射效应

研究氮化镓(GaN)功率器件及其辐射效应对于解决空间应用需求、促进新一代航天器建设具有重大意义。介绍了GaN功率器件的主要结构及工作原理,综述了近年来国内外在GaN功率器件的总剂量效应和单粒子效应两方面的研究进展,并对辐射效应在GaN功率器件中造成的退化和损伤机制进行分析与讨论。研究结果显示:GaN功率器件具有较强的抗总剂量能力,但是抗单粒子能力较弱,易发生漏电和单粒子烧毁,且烧毁点多发生在栅极边缘的漏侧。对GaN功率器件辐照损伤机理的研究缺乏权威理论,有待进一步探索,为其空间应用提供理论支撑。目前,平面结构的GaN功率器件是主流的技术方案,单片集成及高频小型化是GaN功率器件未来发展的方向。

精制蒙古栎木醋液酚类富集及抗氧化评价

将蒙古栎木醋液采用静置-过滤-萃取(乙酸乙酯与木醋液体积比1∶1)-旋转薄膜蒸发精制。经气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,主要由酚类(31.51%)、酮类(27.71%)、酯类(24.77%)、酸类(5.91%)等化合物组成。其中,GC含量最高的化合物是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(14.27%),其次是苯酚(13.91%)、愈创木酚(9.40%)、(S)-4-乙基-2-恶唑烷酮(7.60%)、对甲酚(6.16%)等。乙酸乙酯精制蒙古栎木醋液的水相、有机相和木醋液原液三者的总还原力、·OH清除率和DPPH·清除率与样液浓度呈量效关系,且综合来看,有机相抗氧化效果最佳,木醋液原液次之,水相最弱。

Boost型PFC变换器的自适应超螺旋全局滑模控制

针对Boost型功率因数校正(PFC)变换器,提出一种自适应超螺旋全局滑模控制(ASTTSMC)方法。该方法可以保证PFC变换器在理想工作条件下具备良好的性能,并且在面对负载突变、电网电压波动和电感参数变化等系统不确定性情况下时仍然能够保持全局鲁棒性。在控制律的设计中,采用全局滑模控制作为基准模型,从而确保系统在整个响应过程都具有鲁棒性;同时,切换项采用自适应超螺旋算法,考虑系统不确定项,通过自适应超螺旋算法中的切换增益参数来改善系统潜在的“抖振”现象;此外,基于李雅普诺夫稳定定理证明了所设计控制系统的稳定性。实验结果表明,在理想工作条件下和系统存在不确定性的情况下,该方法都能够有效改善网测电流的质量和提高变换器的功率因数,验证了该方法的有效性和所设计控制器的鲁棒性。

小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白的体外抗氧化活性研究

试验旨在研究小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白的分子质量分布和体外抗氧化活性。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,以维生素C为对照,分别测定小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白在0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10 mg/mL浓度下对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基的清除率,并通过测定T-AOC吸光度值计算总还原力。结果表明:使用高效液相色谱测定小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白重均分子质量分别为513 u和551 u,二者分子质量小于1000 u的比例分别为90.22%和86.93%。在一定浓度范围内,随小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白浓度的升高,其体外抗氧化性能线性增加(P<0.05),且呈正相关关系。在10 mg/mL浓度时,小麦胚芽肽对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS自由基清除率和总还原力分别为90.39%、70.66%、96.24%和2.23,大豆酶解蛋白对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS自由基清除率和总还原力分别达到65.55%、68.21%、75.14%和0.51。综上,在本试验条件下,不同浓度小麦胚芽肽和大豆酶解蛋白均具有一定的抗氧化能力,且小麦胚芽肽相较于大豆酶解蛋白的抗氧化能力更强。

考虑可再生能源不确定性的风-光-储容量最优配比

由于风能和太阳能的供应受到天气条件的影响,风-光-储容量的分布具有显著的不确定性。现有的容量配比方法往往忽视了这种分布特征的约束,仅通过功率等多约束求解模型,可能导致结果出现波动,给储能系统的容量配比准确计算带来困难。为此,在设计蓄电池最优容量分布计算方法的基础上,提出了一种考虑可再生能源不确定性的风-光-储容量最优配比方法。首先建立风力发电、光伏发电模型,基于二者相互关系构建了蓄电池容量分布模型,以估计最优输出功率分布,并据此获得蓄电池最佳容量分布。其次,在充分考虑了可再生能源不确定性的条件下,以最佳容量分布为约束条件,构建了一个以总发电量最大化为目标函数的容量配比优化模型。最后,通过利用约束条件确保输出功率和负荷变化特征的一致性,从而得到最优装机容量,实现风-光-储容量最优配比。实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效实现风-光-储的最优容量配比,确保供电正常需求,同时也避免了可再生能源浪费,为电网的稳定运行和资源的高效利用提供了新的策略。