BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells ...BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies, and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease, as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo randomized, controlled animal trial were performed at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University between September 2004 and December 2007. MATERIALS： TSPG （purity 〉 95%） was isolated, extracted, and identified by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and recombinant human epidermal growth factor （EGF） were purchased from PeproTech, USA. A total of 25 C57/BL6J mice, aged 18-20 weeks were included. Twenty were used to establish a Parkinson＇s disease model with i.p. injection of MPTP （1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine） and TSPG alone or combined with interleukin-1 （IL-1）-treated NSCs prior to transplantation into the corpus striatum. The remaining five mice were pretreated for 3 days with TSPG prior to MPTP injection, serving as the TSPG prevention group. METHODS： Primary NSCs were isolated, cultured and purified from embryonic cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect specific antigen expression in the NSCs. In vitro experiment： （1） to induce proliferation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, EGF＋bFGF, or TSPG＋EGF＋bFGF, respectively; （2） to induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, IL-1, or TSPG＋IL-1, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： the effects of TSPG on NSCs proliferation were evaluated with flow cytometry and MTT assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was determined by immunocytochemistry assay to observe effects of TSPG on dopaminergic neuronal differentiation. In vivo experiment： differentiation of grafted NSCs in the mouse brain was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Behavioral changes were evaluated by spontaneous activity frequency, memory function, and score of paralysis agitans. RESULTS： （1） NSCs were cultured and passaged for more than three passages. Immunocytochemistry revealed positive nestin staining, as well as neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. （2） TSPG significantly increased NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with EGF and bFGF, which was twice as effective as FGF or bFGF alone. TSPG also induced dopaminergic differentiation in NSCs, in particular when TSPG was added together with IL-1, resulting in an effect five times greater than that of IL-1 alone. （3） At day 30 following transplantation, most NSCs in the TSPG prevention group differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, and the scores of paralysis agitans, spontaneous activity, and memory function were significantly increased compared with TSPG alone or TSPG＋IL-1 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： TSPG stimulated NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with FGF and bFGF. TSPG significantly induced dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and the effect was greater when combined with IL-1. In addition, TSPG greatly improved behavior in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model following NSC transplantation. Following NSC transplantation, TSPG pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy over either TSPG alone or TSPG in combination with IL-1, in terms of behavioral improvements in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model.展开更多
Ginseng is said to have beneficial effects on anemia. The proliferation effects of totalsaponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on hematopoietic progenitor cell in healthy individuals and 29 patientswith aplastic anemia (AA)...Ginseng is said to have beneficial effects on anemia. The proliferation effects of totalsaponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on hematopoietic progenitor cell in healthy individuals and 29 patientswith aplastic anemia (AA) were observed through bone marrow cultures of burst forming unit-erythroid(BFU-E) , colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) and colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) in vitrcacompared with methyltestosterone (MT). The results suggest TSPG might prompt the prolif-eration of normal progenitor cellS at a concentration of 20 g/ml. The numbers of BFU-E ,CFU-E and CFU-GM increased by 37. 8±2.9 % , 31. 4±2. 9 % and 33. 3± 4. 0 % respectively over the controls ; further-more TSPG was still useful to BFU-E,CFU-E growth without Epo in vitro, although the colony nurnberswere much lower. Otherwise MT was useless to CFUGM. Of the 29 patients with AA, 14 who respondedto MT showed sensitivity to TSPG in marrow culture (the rising rate of colony formation exceeded 30 % ) ,but immune-mediated AA (patient's peripheral blood mononucleated cell suppressed normalhematopoiesis) and stem cell decreased AA (few of colonies were formed) showed almost no expressionfor TSPG activity because of the immunological suppression system and the absence of progenitors.展开更多
为探讨人参总皂甙(totalsaponins of panaxginseng,TSPG)协同造血生长因子体外诱导CD34+造血干/祖细胞(HSC/HPC)扩增与分化的作用,收集人脐血、骨髓细胞并采用StemsepTM干细胞分选系统分离纯化CD34+HSC/HPC,用不同剂量TSPG加入不同组合...为探讨人参总皂甙(totalsaponins of panaxginseng,TSPG)协同造血生长因子体外诱导CD34+造血干/祖细胞(HSC/HPC)扩增与分化的作用,收集人脐血、骨髓细胞并采用StemsepTM干细胞分选系统分离纯化CD34+HSC/HPC,用不同剂量TSPG加入不同组合的造血生长因子进行培养,检测细胞总数、CD34+细胞和CD33+细胞比例及集落形成细胞总数(CFC)、粒系祖细胞(CFU-GM)数量变化。结果显示:10-70μg/mlTSPG均可不同程度地提高脐血细胞总数、CFC数和CD34+细胞数,50μg/ml是最佳刺激浓度,可使细胞总数、CFC数和CD34+细胞数分别增至(2470.5±79.96)×103、(53.96±4.29)×100%和(21.86±3.09)×100%;20μg/ml是液体培养诱导骨髓CD34+细胞向粒系分化的最佳浓度,可使细胞总数、CFU-GM和CD33+细胞分别增至(133.2±9.03)×103、(26.78±1.91)×100%和(16.98±1.73)×100%;甲基纤维素半固体培养检测显示,TSPG(10-50μg/ml)均能提高CD34+细胞形成CFU-GM的集落产率,以TSPG20μg/ml效果最为明显。结论:合适剂量的TSPG能够促进CD34+造血干/祖细胞体外扩增与定向诱导分化。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies, and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease, as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo randomized, controlled animal trial were performed at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University between September 2004 and December 2007. MATERIALS： TSPG （purity 〉 95%） was isolated, extracted, and identified by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and recombinant human epidermal growth factor （EGF） were purchased from PeproTech, USA. A total of 25 C57/BL6J mice, aged 18-20 weeks were included. Twenty were used to establish a Parkinson＇s disease model with i.p. injection of MPTP （1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine） and TSPG alone or combined with interleukin-1 （IL-1）-treated NSCs prior to transplantation into the corpus striatum. The remaining five mice were pretreated for 3 days with TSPG prior to MPTP injection, serving as the TSPG prevention group. METHODS： Primary NSCs were isolated, cultured and purified from embryonic cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect specific antigen expression in the NSCs. In vitro experiment： （1） to induce proliferation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, EGF＋bFGF, or TSPG＋EGF＋bFGF, respectively; （2） to induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, IL-1, or TSPG＋IL-1, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： the effects of TSPG on NSCs proliferation were evaluated with flow cytometry and MTT assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was determined by immunocytochemistry assay to observe effects of TSPG on dopaminergic neuronal differentiation. In vivo experiment： differentiation of grafted NSCs in the mouse brain was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Behavioral changes were evaluated by spontaneous activity frequency, memory function, and score of paralysis agitans. RESULTS： （1） NSCs were cultured and passaged for more than three passages. Immunocytochemistry revealed positive nestin staining, as well as neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. （2） TSPG significantly increased NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with EGF and bFGF, which was twice as effective as FGF or bFGF alone. TSPG also induced dopaminergic differentiation in NSCs, in particular when TSPG was added together with IL-1, resulting in an effect five times greater than that of IL-1 alone. （3） At day 30 following transplantation, most NSCs in the TSPG prevention group differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, and the scores of paralysis agitans, spontaneous activity, and memory function were significantly increased compared with TSPG alone or TSPG＋IL-1 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： TSPG stimulated NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with FGF and bFGF. TSPG significantly induced dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and the effect was greater when combined with IL-1. In addition, TSPG greatly improved behavior in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model following NSC transplantation. Following NSC transplantation, TSPG pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy over either TSPG alone or TSPG in combination with IL-1, in terms of behavioral improvements in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model.
文摘Ginseng is said to have beneficial effects on anemia. The proliferation effects of totalsaponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on hematopoietic progenitor cell in healthy individuals and 29 patientswith aplastic anemia (AA) were observed through bone marrow cultures of burst forming unit-erythroid(BFU-E) , colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) and colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) in vitrcacompared with methyltestosterone (MT). The results suggest TSPG might prompt the prolif-eration of normal progenitor cellS at a concentration of 20 g/ml. The numbers of BFU-E ,CFU-E and CFU-GM increased by 37. 8±2.9 % , 31. 4±2. 9 % and 33. 3± 4. 0 % respectively over the controls ; further-more TSPG was still useful to BFU-E,CFU-E growth without Epo in vitro, although the colony nurnberswere much lower. Otherwise MT was useless to CFUGM. Of the 29 patients with AA, 14 who respondedto MT showed sensitivity to TSPG in marrow culture (the rising rate of colony formation exceeded 30 % ) ,but immune-mediated AA (patient's peripheral blood mononucleated cell suppressed normalhematopoiesis) and stem cell decreased AA (few of colonies were formed) showed almost no expressionfor TSPG activity because of the immunological suppression system and the absence of progenitors.
文摘为探讨人参总皂甙(totalsaponins of panaxginseng,TSPG)协同造血生长因子体外诱导CD34+造血干/祖细胞(HSC/HPC)扩增与分化的作用,收集人脐血、骨髓细胞并采用StemsepTM干细胞分选系统分离纯化CD34+HSC/HPC,用不同剂量TSPG加入不同组合的造血生长因子进行培养,检测细胞总数、CD34+细胞和CD33+细胞比例及集落形成细胞总数(CFC)、粒系祖细胞(CFU-GM)数量变化。结果显示:10-70μg/mlTSPG均可不同程度地提高脐血细胞总数、CFC数和CD34+细胞数,50μg/ml是最佳刺激浓度,可使细胞总数、CFC数和CD34+细胞数分别增至(2470.5±79.96)×103、(53.96±4.29)×100%和(21.86±3.09)×100%;20μg/ml是液体培养诱导骨髓CD34+细胞向粒系分化的最佳浓度,可使细胞总数、CFU-GM和CD33+细胞分别增至(133.2±9.03)×103、(26.78±1.91)×100%和(16.98±1.73)×100%;甲基纤维素半固体培养检测显示,TSPG(10-50μg/ml)均能提高CD34+细胞形成CFU-GM的集落产率,以TSPG20μg/ml效果最为明显。结论:合适剂量的TSPG能够促进CD34+造血干/祖细胞体外扩增与定向诱导分化。
