Preliminary Identification of Red Pigment and Positive Correlation between the Contents of Red Pigment and Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng Fruits

[Objective] This study aimed to identify red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits and explore the correlation between pigment content and total saponins of the fruits. [Method] The red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits was preliminarily identi- fied with specific color reactions and UV-vis spectra, and the contents of the pigment and total saponins were determined via spectrophotometry. [Result] The red hues of the fruits were contributed by anthocyanins and/or the anthocyanidins. The contents of anthocyanins and total saponins of the fruits both decreased along with thinning of the red hues. The content difference of the anthocyanins in fruits with different red hues reached extremely significant level, but that of total saponins just reached significant level. [Conclusion] The red pigment of P. notoginseng fruits is anthocyanins which are of extremely significant positive correlation with total saponins in contents.

Effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng on immature neuroblasts in the adult olfactory bulb following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

The main active components extracted from Panax notoginseng are total saponins. They have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, increase cerebral blood flow, improve neurological behavior, decrease infarct volume and promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus and lateral ventricles. However, there is a lack of studies on whether total saponins of Panax notoginsertg have potential benefits on immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb following ischemia and reperfusion. This study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion using four-vessel occlusion. Rats were administered total sa- ponins of Panax notoginseng at 75 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes after ischemia then once a day, for either 7 or 14 days. Total saponins of Panax notoginseng enhanced the number of dou- blecortin （DCX）＋ neural progenitor ceils and increased co-localization of DCX with neuronal nuclei and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding/DCX＋ neural progenitor cells in the olfactory bulb at 7 and 14 days post ischemia. These findings indicate that following global brain ischemia/reperfusion, total saponins of Panax notoginseng promote differentiation of DCX＋ cells expressing immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb and the underlying mechanism is related to the activation of the signaling pathway of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein.

Dammarane-type saponins from steamed leaves of Panax notoginseng

Four new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins,namely notoginsenosides SFt1-SFt4(1-4)were isolated from the steamed leaves of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen(Araliaceae),together with 17 known saponins.Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and acidic hydrolysis.The known ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 were obtained from P.notoginseng for the first time.All of these new saponins showed no in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines(HL-60,SMMC-7712,A-549,MCF-7,and SW480).

Advances in Researches of Extraction, Separation, and Purification Technologies for Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng

Total saponins of Panax notoginseng have the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing phlegm, thus they have high medicinal value. There are many different extraction methods in the extraction and separation of total saponins of P. notoginseng . The extraction methods of total saponins of P. notoginseng are mainly divided into traditional extraction methods, modern extraction methods and compound extraction methods.

Responses of Photosynthetic Pigment, Phenol and Total Saponin Contents of Panax notoginseng to Supplemental UV-B under Field Conditions

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the content changes and their correlations of the photosynthetic pigment,phenols,including total phenols,total flavonoids and anthocyanins,and total saponins of the one-year-old P.notoginseng plants under supplemental UV-B stress in fields.[Method] The one-year-old plants were irradiated by UV-B in field for 1 min per day,and the plants under the UV-B lamp were regarded as a circle center,achieving an annular leaf-sampling.The photosynthetic pigment,phenols and total saponins of the leaves were determined spectrophotometrically.[Result] With the increase of sampling radius,the supplemental UV-B intensity decreased significantly,the contents of chlorophyll （Chl） a,Chl b,Chl （a＋b）,carotenoid （Car） and total photosynthetic pigment （Chl＋Car） of the leaves increased extremely significantly,the Chl a/b and total phenol content （TPC） decreased extremely significantly,but the Chl （a＋b）/Car changes were not significant.The contents of total flavonoids,anthocyanins and saponins all increased due to the increasing of UV-B,displaying dose effects.The UV-B intensity was positively correlated with the Chl a/b,and negatively with the Chl a,Chl b,Chl （a＋ b）,Car and （Chl＋Car） contents; and the two of TPC,total flavonoid content （TFC）,total anthocyanin content （TAC） and total saponin content （TSC） were positively correlated,all reaching extremely significant level.The UV-B intensity was positively and significantly correlated with the total flavonoid content （TFC）,negatively and significantly with the Chl （a＋b）/Car,and positively and insignificantly with the TPC,TAC and TSC.[Conclusion] For one-year-old plants of P.notoginseng,UV-B can decrease the contents of the Chl a,Chl b,Chl （a＋b）,Car and （Chl＋Car） and increase the Chl a/b and TPC,and,furthermore,induce the increases of the TFC,TAC and TSC in a dose-dependent manner.However,UV-B can hardly change the Chl （a＋b）/Car.The supplemental UV-B of well-suited dose might be one of the effective measures to improve the TSC of P.notoginseng.

Advances in Researches of Extraction Processes of Total Saponins of Pnanx Notoginseng

Traditional extraction methods of total saponins of Panax notoginseng include cold soaking method,water decoction method,alcohol reflux method,percolation method,macroporous resin adsorption method,and accelerated solvent extraction( ASE) method. Modern extraction methods include ultrasonic extraction,microwave assisted extraction,supercritical CO_2 extraction,microbial fermentation assisted extraction,neural network model optimized extraction method,and multi-stage countercurrent extraction method. This paper discussed principles of these methods and compared their advantages and disadvantages.

Effects of Organic and Medium and Trace Element Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Panax notoginseng

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the effects of organic and medium and trace element fertilizers(Ca,Zn,B)on yield and quality of Panax notoginseng to provide theoretical support for rational fertilization in cultivation of P.notoginseng.[Methods]Five fertilization treatments,control(CK),organic fertilizer(OM),zinc fertilizer(ZF),boron fertilizer(BF)and lime(LF),were designed.A two-consecutive-year field plot trail was conducted.The biological traits,yield and saponin content of P.notoginseng were determined.[Results]The application of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on the biological traits of P.notoginseng.Trace element fertilizers significantly increased the scape length of P.notoginseng.Among the treatments,ZF significantly increased the single flower weight but reduced the inflorescence diameter,while the effects of BF were opposite to those of ZF;LF significantly increased the stem thickness and reduced the plant height.All treatments significantly increased the seedling rate of three-year-old P.notoginseng,and the increase in the LF group(20.49%)was the largest,followed by those in the ZF(16.80%)and OM(16.40%)groups,and the increase in the BF group(13.08%)was the smallest.Although OM,ZF and BF treatments caused the root weight of individual plants to decrease,the final yield of each treatment was higher than that of the control group,and the increases in the BF and LF groups exceeded 17%(P<0.05).The total saponin outputs of all the treatments except OM were significantly higher than that of the control group.[Conclusions]Under the conditions of this test,the supplementation of organic and medium and trace element fertilizers on the basis of conventional fertilization will help to increase the yield of P.notoginseng.However,the reduction of the total saponin output of P.notoginseng caused by organic fertilizer cannot be ignored.

Combination of Total Astragalus Extract and Total Panax Notoginseng Saponins Strengthened the Protective Effects on Brain Damage through Improving Energy Metabolism and Inhibiting Apoptosis after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice

Objective： To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of the combination between total Astragalus extract （TAE） and total Panax notoginseng saponins （TPNS） against cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury. Methods： C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group, TAE （110 mg/kg） group, TPNS （115 mg/kg） group, TAE-TPNS combination group and Edaravone （4 mg/kg） group, treated for 4 days, then, cerebral ischemia-repeffusion injury was established by bilateral common carotid artery （CCA） ligation for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 1 and 24 h. Results： TPNS could increase adenosine triphosphate （ATP） level, TAE and TAE-TPNS combination increased ATP, adenosine diphosphate （ADP） contents and Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity, and the effects of TAE-TPNS combination were stronger than those of TAE or TPNS alone after reperfusion for 1 h. After reperfusion for 24 h, TAE, TPNS and TAE-TPNS combination significantly increased neurocyte survival rate and decreased the apoptosis rate as well as down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated c-June N-terminal kinasel/2 （p-JNK1/2）, cytochrome C （Cyt C）, cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease （Caspase）-9 and Caspase-3. Furthermore, the effects in TAE-TPNS combination were better than those in TAE or TPNS alone. Conclusion： The combination of TAE 110 mg/kg and TPNS 115 mg/kg could strengthen protective effects on cerebral ischemia injury, the mechanism underlying might be related to improving jointly the early energy metabolism, and relieving the delayed apoptosis via inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of JNK signal transduction.

Transformation of Compound K from Saponins in Leaves of Panax notoginseng by Immobilized β-Glucanase

Objective To prepare an active anti-tumor component,compound K(C-K),from saponins in leaves of Panax notoginseng(SLPN) using immobilized β-glucanase.Methods Two entrapments,alginate gel-1(Alg 1) and alginate gel-2(Alg 2),were evaluated for their ability to immobilize β-glucanase.The amount and purity of C-K obtained from the transformation process were analyzed by HPLC,and the immobilizing parameters were optimized.Results β-Glucanase can be immobilized and reused with either of the entrapment.However,using Alg 1 resulted in higher enzyme activity than Alg 2.The optimal concentration of the immobilized enzyme was 10%;The optimal crosslinking time was 4–6 h;and the optimal concentration of the crosslinking agent was 6%– 7%.Conclusion Immobilized β-glucanase shows sustained enzyme activity,good ethanol tolerance,and was reusable for the preparation of C-K from SLPN.

Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng Activate Akt/mTOR Pathway and Exhibit Neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo against Ischemic Damage

Objective:To reveal the neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanisms of a mixture of the main components of Panax notoginseng saponins(TSPN)on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxygenglucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)of cultured cortical neurons.Methods:The neuroprotective effect of TSPN was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay,flow cytometry and live/dead cell assays.The morphology of dendrites was detected by immunofluorescence.Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was developed in rats as a model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.The neuroprotective effect of TSPN was evaluated by neurological scoring,tail suspension test,2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)and Nissl stainings.Western blot analysis,immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to measure the changes in the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway.Results:MTT showed that TSPN(50,25 and 12.5μg/m L)protected cortical neurons after OGD/R treatment(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Flow cytometry and live/dead cell assays indicated that 25μg/m L TSPN decreased neuronal apoptosis(P<0.05),and immunofluorescence showed that 25μg/m L TSPN restored the dendritic morphology of damaged neurons(P<0.05).Moreover,12.5μg/m L TSPN downregulated the expression of Beclin-1,Cleaved-caspase 3 and LC3 B-Ⅱ/LC3 B-Ⅰ,and upregulated the levels of phosphorylated(p)-Akt and p-mTOR(P<0.01 or P<0.05).In the MCAO model,50μg/m L TSPN improved defective neurological behavior and reduced infarct volume(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 B in cerebral ischemic penumbra was downregulated after 50μg/m L TSPN treatment,whereas the p-mTOR level was upregulated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions:TSPN promoted neuronal survival and protected dendrite integrity after OGD/R and had a potential therapeutic effect by alleviating neurological deficits and reversing neuronal loss.TSPN promoted p-mTOR and inhibited Beclin-1 to alleviate ischemic damage,which may be the mechanism that underlies the neuroprotective activity of TSPN.

免疫增强剂三七茎叶皂苷口服液的质量控制研究

本研究从性状、pH、相对密度、装量差异、微生物限度、鉴别、含量测定等方面对三七茎叶皂苷口服液(Oral liquid of saponins of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng,LSPN)进行质量控制研究。利用薄层色谱(thin layer chromatography,TLC)法,鉴定其主要成分;利用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射(high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector,HPLC-ELSD)法,建立LSPN中人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3含量的同步分析方法。HPLC-ELSD的色谱条件:色谱柱为GL,InertSustain C18柱(5μm,250×4.6 mm Column);流动相为乙腈(A)-水(B),采用梯度洗脱;进样量:10 L;人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3保留时间分别为13.264 min和15.415 min。ELSD运行参数:氮气流速为1.64 slpm,气化温度为48℃,蒸发温度为80℃。结果表明,LSPN为黄绿色的澄清液体,味苦,pH、相对密度和微生物限度均符合标准要求。人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)均为10 g/mL,定量限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)均为20 g/mL,均在20~500 g/mL内线性关系良好;回归方程分别为Y=1.58X+1.72(r=0.999904)和Y=1.60X+1.64(r=0.999628)。人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的平均加样回收率分别为101.25%和100.42%,RSD分别为2.71%和1.12%。该法准确,精密度、重现性好,可用于LSPN中人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的含量测定。

三七总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注后神经功能恢复的影响

目的探究三七总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注后神经功能恢复的影响。方法培养30只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,构建脑缺血再灌注模型。将大鼠分为假手术组、模型组和三七总皂苷组,每组10只大鼠。检测各组大鼠脑梗面积、脑含水量。Longa评分评价大鼠神经功能缺损情况。水迷宫实验检测大鼠神经功能。检测各组大鼠血清中氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷光甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量和炎症因子指标肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量。Tunel染色检测各组大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡情况。结果和假手术组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠脑梗面积、脑含水量、神经功能缺损评分、学习潜伏期和记忆潜伏期显著升高,SOD、GSH、IL-10含量显著降低,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量显著升高,海马神经元凋亡比例显著升高(P<0.05)。和模型组大鼠相比,三七总皂苷组大鼠脑梗面积、脑含水量、神经功能缺损评分、学习潜伏期和记忆潜伏期显著降低,SOD、GSH、IL-10含量显著升高,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量显著降低,海马神经元凋亡比例显著降低(P<0.05)。结论三七总皂苷可能通过抑制大鼠炎症反应和氧化应激,减少海马神经元凋亡,促进脑缺血再灌注后神经功能恢复。

三七总皂苷复合纳米囊泡对糖尿病足溃疡大鼠皮肤创面愈合及血管生成的影响

目的:探究三七总皂苷(PNS)复合纳米囊泡对糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)大鼠皮肤创面愈合及血管生成的影响。方法:取雄性SD大鼠构建DFU模型,将造模成功的27只大鼠随机分为DFU组、PNS组和PNS复合纳米囊泡(PNS-CNV)组,每组9只。另取12只血糖正常的皮肤创面大鼠作为对照组(Control组)。比较各组创面愈合率。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测大鼠血清中炎症因子白介素(IL)-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,苏木精—伊红(HE)染色法检测创面组织病理学变化,免疫组化染色检测创面组织微血管密度(MVD),western blotting法检测创面组织中血管生成因子(VEGF)、神经源性基因同源蛋白(Notch1)蛋白表达。结果:造模后DFU组、PNS和PNS-CNV组大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)均高于Control组(P<0.05);药物干预7 d、14 d时,与DFU组相比,PNS组和PNS-CNV组大鼠FBG明显降低,且PNS-CNV组低于PNS组(均P<0.05)。与Control组相比,DFU组大鼠创面愈合率、创面组织CD34阳性表达、MVD及VEGF蛋白表达量均明显降低,血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α含量及创面组织Notch1蛋白表达量升高(均P<0.05);与DFU组相比,PNS和PNS-CNV组大鼠创面愈合率、创面组织CD34阳性表达、MVD及VEGF蛋白表达量升高,血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α含量及创面组织中Notch1蛋白表达量降低(均P<0.05);与PNS组相比,PNS-CNV组大鼠创面愈合率、创面组织CD34阳性表达、MVD及VEGF蛋白表达量升高,血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α含量及创面组织Notch1蛋白表达量降低(均P<0.05)。结论:PNS-CNV可上调DFU大鼠创面组织中VEGF表达,抑制炎症反应,促进新生血管生成,从而加速创面的愈合,且该作用优于PNS。

基于配体垂钓技术筛选三七叶中环氧合酶-2抑制剂

市售环氧合酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂如美洛昔康、塞来昔布等与传统的非甾体抗炎药相比虽能够有效治疗炎症,但是也存在着引起肝毒性、心血管疾病的风险。中药三七、人参等被证实具有良好的抗炎作用且毒副作用小,因此从中药中筛选潜在的COX-2抑制剂对于开发安全有效的新型抗炎药具有重要意义。本研究以磁性纳米材料作为高效载体,采用配体垂钓法替代传统低效筛选手段,结合固定化金属亲和技术,解决了传统酶固定方法带来的酶活性降低或酶分子堆积等问题。首先合成了聚多巴胺(PDA)包覆的Fe_(3)O_(4),在PDA表面螯合Ni^(2+),利用金属离子亲和作用固定COX-2,制备了一种绿色环保、特异性好的垂钓工具。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪、热重分析仪、振动样品磁强计等方法对其结构进行了表征,结果显示磁性纳米材料为核壳结构,粒径为250~300 nm,具有较大的比表面积,且磁性强、稳定性好。以COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布为垂钓目标物对COX-2的固定条件及垂钓条件进行了优化。该法成功应用于三七叶中潜在COX-2抑制剂的筛选,最终得到了13种能与COX-2相互作用的成分,经液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定均为20(S)-原人参二醇型皂苷。与传统的筛选方法相比,本方法简便快速,酶活性高,能够实现对特定目标物的捕获与富集。该研究对新型抗炎药的合成与开发具有指导意义,为高效地从中药复杂体系中发现抗炎药物或先导化合物提供了借鉴,同时也为三七叶的资源化合理应用提供了新的思路。

三七总皂苷超声波经皮药物导入联合综合疗法治疗冈上肌肌腱炎的临床效果

目的:观察三七总皂苷超声波经皮药物导入联合综合疗法治疗冈上肌肌腱炎的临床效果。方法:选取2022年1月-2023年9月北京积水潭医院贵州医院收治的冈上肌肌腱炎患者60例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各30例。两组均给予综合疗法,试验组接受三七总皂苷葡萄糖溶液超声波经皮药物导入治疗,对照组接受体外冲击波治疗。比较两组疼痛情况、肩关节功能。结果:治疗前,两组疼痛视觉模拟评分法评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组疼痛视觉模拟评分法评分低于治疗前,且试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:三七总皂苷超声波经皮药物导入联合综合疗法治疗冈上肌肌腱炎的临床效果较好,能够减轻疼痛,改善患者肩关节功能。

人参、西洋参及三七参指纹图谱鉴别

目的 :对人参、西洋参和三七参进行指纹图谱研究。方法 :PolarisC18 A ,乙腈 水梯度脱 ,流速 1.5ml·min-1,检测波长 2 0 3nm。结果和结论 :3种参的皂苷类成分均得到很好分离 ,该法可有效鉴别人参、西洋参和三七参。

三七总皂甙对IL-1α诱导大鼠肾小管细胞转分化的影响

目的研究三七总皂甙 (PNS)能否通过阻断IL 1α诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化及减少细胞外基质分泌 ,防治肾间质纤维化的发生。方法体外培养正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞 (NRK5 2E) ,应用倒置相差显微镜及扫描电镜观察NRK5 2E细胞形态学变化 ;流式细胞技术及免疫组织化学方法检测α 平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α SMA)表达 ;ELISA法定量检测细胞上清液中纤维连接蛋白 (FN)水平。结果IL 1α可诱导肾小管上皮肌纤维母细胞转分化 (TEMT) ,细胞肥大、拉长呈梭形 ,α SMA表达明显增强 ,FN分泌增加 (P <0 0 5 )。加入不同浓度PNS后 ,细胞形态接近正常肾小管上皮细胞形态 ,α SMA表达、FN分泌均较IL 1α诱导组明显抑制 (P <0 0 5 )。这些作用呈剂量依赖性抑制 (P <0 0 5 )。单独加入不同剂量PNS肾小管细胞无明显变化。结论IL 1α可诱导肾小管上皮细胞肌纤维母细胞转分化 ,并可促进细胞外基质成分FN的沉积 ;PNS能抑制IL 1α诱导的NRK5 2E细胞转分化及细胞外基质分泌 。

三七叶甙制备原人参二醇及其差向异构体

三七叶总甙以c(NaOH)=2mol/L的氢氧化钠水溶液溶解,沸水浴加热8h进行水解,所得产物经乙酸乙酯萃取和硅胶柱层析分离得到原人参二醇。三七叶总甙与浓盐酸常温反应7h后,再用饱和碳酸钠溶液常温搅拌24h,所得产物经乙酸乙酯萃取和硅胶柱层析分离得到20(R) 原人参二醇。它们的结构经光谱分析及与文献对照得以鉴定。

三七根及花总皂苷抗肿瘤细胞诱导的血小板聚集研究

目的:考察三七根和花总皂苷抗肿瘤细胞诱导的血小板聚集(TC IPA)作用。方法:应用B ron氏比浊法分别从体外、体内考察三七根和花总皂苷对人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231诱导的血小板聚集能力。结果:三七花总皂苷在120、240、480 mg/L质量浓度下对TC IPA均有一定的抑制作用,三七根总皂苷只在高、中剂量抑制TC IPA。体内实验三七根和三七花总皂苷各剂量均可显著抑制TC IPA,且呈剂量依赖关系。三七花作用效果优于三七根。结论:三七根和花总皂苷具有抗肿瘤细胞诱导的血小板聚集能力,具有潜在的抗肿瘤血行转移能力。

三七总皂苷对大鼠肝脏肾脏的毒性作用

目的:研究三七总皂苷对大鼠肝脏肾脏的毒性作用。方法:Wistar大鼠32只,雌雄各半,体重140～180g,随机分成溶剂(注射用水)对照组和三七总皂苷50,150和450mg·kg^(-1)组,各组每日肌内注射相应剂量的药物或溶剂,连续给予28d(高剂量组给药3d),每周测定动物体重。给药2周及4周后眼眶取血,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氧基转移酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)及肌酐(CREA)的活性,取肝脏、肾脏,HE染色光镜观察组织病理学变化。结果:三七总皂苷450mg·kg^(-1)组动物体重显著下降,肝、肾功能指标(AST,ALT,BUN及CREA)显著升高,组织病理学检查出现肝细胞及肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死。结论:三七总皂苷肌内注射450 mg·kg^(-1)对大鼠具有明显的肝脏、肾脏毒性。