Huge quantity of effluents is generated from pharmaceutical industries attributed to their wide array of manufacturing and maintenance processes. Wastewaters from pharmaceuticals are characterized by the presence of s...Huge quantity of effluents is generated from pharmaceutical industries attributed to their wide array of manufacturing and maintenance processes. Wastewaters from pharmaceuticals are characterized by the presence of solids, pH, temperature, biodegradable organic compounds, unusual turbidity, hardness and conductivity. Wastewater from pharmaceutical industry arising from various units is categorised as low total dissolved solids (LTDS) and high total dissolved solids (HTDS) based on the concentration of total dissolved solids. The present study focuses on treatment of LTDS using a combination of biological treatment followed by membrane process, reverse osmosis. This research presents the results from the pilot-scale studies focussed on biological treatment using SBR as pre-treatment for RO towards the removal of LTDS effluent. Three-month data on a daily basis is presented. The efficiency of the process was tested with a reduction in parameters like total dissolved solids and chemical oxygen demand. SBR tested for its suitability as a preliminary treatment for the Reverse Osmosis process during the months of August-October. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 9.72% and ?4.67% in the month of August. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 87.28% and 80.66% in the same month. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 0.84% and ?7.92% in the month of September. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 87.07% and 83.28% in the same month. The performance of RO tested for its efficiency in removing the TDS and COD after SBR as pre-treatment. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 94.93% and 93.27% in the month of August. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 96.84% and 90.19% in the same month. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded at 96.53% and 91.25% in the month of October. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 94.31% and 72.57% in the same month. SBR has proved to be a promising solution for pre-treatment removing all substances that might result in membrane fouling. Hence, the present study concludes that a combination of SBR and RO will be a promising solution for effective removal of TDS and COD from pharmaceutical wastewaters.展开更多
冶金工业和水泥工业是全球CO_(2)排放的主要行业,面临着巨大的“碳减排”挑战。钢渣是冶金工业产生的大宗固体废弃物,在富CO_(2)的环境下具有较高的碳化反应活性。本文以钢渣为主要原料,研究钢渣在常温常压下的碳捕集能力,制备了用于水...冶金工业和水泥工业是全球CO_(2)排放的主要行业,面临着巨大的“碳减排”挑战。钢渣是冶金工业产生的大宗固体废弃物,在富CO_(2)的环境下具有较高的碳化反应活性。本文以钢渣为主要原料,研究钢渣在常温常压下的碳捕集能力,制备了用于水泥行业的碳化钢渣掺合料,并探索了其对水泥砂浆流动度、力学强度和微结构的影响。结果表明,钢渣可在常温常压下捕集CO_(2),钢渣的碳化增重最高可达9.11%,表明每吨钢渣可捕集约90 kg CO_(2);经过碳化处理的钢渣由于表面形成了多孔碳化产物,吸水率会增加,因此会对水泥砂浆的流动度有一定的影响;掺有碳化钢渣的水泥基材料结构更为致密,水泥砂浆后期力学强度优于掺有未碳化钢渣的水泥基材料,并且碳化增重率越高,水泥砂浆的28 d抗压强度也越高。展开更多
文摘Huge quantity of effluents is generated from pharmaceutical industries attributed to their wide array of manufacturing and maintenance processes. Wastewaters from pharmaceuticals are characterized by the presence of solids, pH, temperature, biodegradable organic compounds, unusual turbidity, hardness and conductivity. Wastewater from pharmaceutical industry arising from various units is categorised as low total dissolved solids (LTDS) and high total dissolved solids (HTDS) based on the concentration of total dissolved solids. The present study focuses on treatment of LTDS using a combination of biological treatment followed by membrane process, reverse osmosis. This research presents the results from the pilot-scale studies focussed on biological treatment using SBR as pre-treatment for RO towards the removal of LTDS effluent. Three-month data on a daily basis is presented. The efficiency of the process was tested with a reduction in parameters like total dissolved solids and chemical oxygen demand. SBR tested for its suitability as a preliminary treatment for the Reverse Osmosis process during the months of August-October. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 9.72% and ?4.67% in the month of August. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 87.28% and 80.66% in the same month. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 0.84% and ?7.92% in the month of September. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 87.07% and 83.28% in the same month. The performance of RO tested for its efficiency in removing the TDS and COD after SBR as pre-treatment. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 94.93% and 93.27% in the month of August. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 96.84% and 90.19% in the same month. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded at 96.53% and 91.25% in the month of October. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 94.31% and 72.57% in the same month. SBR has proved to be a promising solution for pre-treatment removing all substances that might result in membrane fouling. Hence, the present study concludes that a combination of SBR and RO will be a promising solution for effective removal of TDS and COD from pharmaceutical wastewaters.
文摘冶金工业和水泥工业是全球CO_(2)排放的主要行业,面临着巨大的“碳减排”挑战。钢渣是冶金工业产生的大宗固体废弃物,在富CO_(2)的环境下具有较高的碳化反应活性。本文以钢渣为主要原料,研究钢渣在常温常压下的碳捕集能力,制备了用于水泥行业的碳化钢渣掺合料,并探索了其对水泥砂浆流动度、力学强度和微结构的影响。结果表明,钢渣可在常温常压下捕集CO_(2),钢渣的碳化增重最高可达9.11%,表明每吨钢渣可捕集约90 kg CO_(2);经过碳化处理的钢渣由于表面形成了多孔碳化产物,吸水率会增加,因此会对水泥砂浆的流动度有一定的影响;掺有碳化钢渣的水泥基材料结构更为致密,水泥砂浆后期力学强度优于掺有未碳化钢渣的水泥基材料,并且碳化增重率越高,水泥砂浆的28 d抗压强度也越高。