Tourism Activation of Ethnic Cultural Heritage:A Case Study of Buyi Ethnic Minorities in Guizhou Province

Two typical traditional villages of Buyi Minority were selected as specific cases to explore tourism revitalization of cultural heritage,namely Yinzhai Village in Guiding County and Ancient Nanlong Village in Xingyi City from Guizhou Province.The 2 villages adopted different modes in tourism development,thus tourism revitalization of their Buyi cultural heritage showed differentiated results,this paper compared the 2 cases to explore the options and impacts of different tourism revitalization modes for the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.

Spatial Distribution and Tourism Activation of Traditional Villages in Yunnan Province

Using ArcGIS to analyze the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Yunnan Province in combination with the actual local conditions of traditional villages,the purpose of this study is to determine the development model suitable for their characteristics.The results show several important features of traditional village distribution.(1)The traditional villages in Yunnan Province have spatial structural characteristics of unbalanced cohesive distribution,and they are mainly distributed in the higher-level cities and prefectures such as northwest Yunnan,west Yunnan and south Yunnan.Among them,the traditional villages of Baoshan City have the highest distribution density of 66.33 per 10000 km^(2).This is followed by Dali Prefecture and Honghe Prefecture,where the densities of traditional villages are 44.13 per 10000 km^(2) and 37.66 per 10000 km^(2),respectively.(2)The factors affecting the spatial distribution structure of traditional villages in Yunnan Province are natural geographical factors,humanistic historical factors and transportation factors.Among them,the natural geographical conditions with a large vertical gap in Yunnan Province gave birth to the human settlement environment of traditional villages.The history of a farming civilization that has been passed down from generation to generation has laid a brilliant and splendid humanistic foundation for traditional villages,and the high-altitude areas are relatively primitive.The transportation conditions have delayed the destruction of traditional villages by urbanization and industrialization.In summary,these factors have affected the spatial distribution pattern of traditional villages in Yunnan Province to some extent.(3)According to the law of the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Yunnan Province,it is necessary to explore the activation path of traditional village tourism with regional characteristics and ethnic characteristics,and also to carry out differentiated development according to the different endowment characteristics of local resources,that is to develop a series of activation modes including agricultural tourism,cultural tourism and ecological tourism.

Local Wisdom to Creative Cultural Tourism Activity

This research is an experimental research survey with the purpose of studying the cultural tourism activity originated from ＂local wisdom＂ within Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province in Thailand to be applied as a creative cultural tourism activity. The population of this study comprises 305 Thai and foreign tourists, divided into two groups, namely, 205 tourists as a sampling survey group and 100 tourists as an experimental group. The research tools used are a questionnaire and designed satisfaction assessment. The data were analyzed through the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation test, F-test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） with the statistical analysis program. The study showed that the appropriate activities applied from a local wisdom chosen by tourists to be studied were 10 from 20 activities through the questionnaire for ranking the piquancy of each activity from the tourist group. All the 10 activities were studied in this experimental research within the sampling group which consists of Thai and foreign tourists by allowing them to practice in a real situation and assessing their satisfaction in each activity. The assessment reveals that these 10 activities were considered to be interesting and the satisfaction level was extremely high, indicating that the activity applied from the local wisdom studied in this research is appropriate to be used as a creative cultural tourism activity in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province later in the future.

Water evacuations in remote tourist regions: evaluating case studies from natural hazards in North Patagonian lakes, Argentina

The remote North Patagonian region is a sparsely populated territory and a world famous tourist destination located on the leeward side of the Andes Mountains. Recent disasters triggered by various types of geoenvironmental hazards(including volcanic eruptions, mass-wasting processes and extreme weather events) heavily disrupted ground transport networks in a region with already limited territorial accessibilities. All these catastrophes prompted the need to evacuate or assist a number of secluded visitors, locals and livestock extemporaneously on board of coastguards and tourist passenger-ships from the shores of the many glacial lakes that make up part of the regional attraction. Despite the recurrence of these types of events, water evacuations in the region continue to be spontaneous, improvised and hazardous procedures. This contribution reconstructs and assesses a number of recent local-scale cases of lake evacuations and assistances from a number of Patagonian urban centers, rural areas and tourist sites. For each case study, we systematically elaborated on the prime components of an evacuation process, which enabled us to recognize key achievements, failures and conditioning factors for managing emergencies via water transport, most of them inherent to the studied region. Some of the complexities to emerge from case studies referred to: complex hazard-related scenarios;limited ground-based accessibilities and risk of isolation;various inter-and intra-organizational issues, incidental to natural reserves and tourist regions;a wide range of particular demographic features;and the availability and vulnerability of water transport resources. We suggested fundamental and replicable recommendations for developing water evacuation plans, also identifying forthcoming problems to solve in order to improve the management of emergencies through this alternative means of transport.

Stakeholder Contradictions and Win-win Strategies for Tourism along the Ancient Tea Horse Road in the South of Yunnan based on Game Analysis

With the emergence of the concept of cultural routes, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to the sustainable development of tourism along cultural routes. The needs for community participation and the ongoing provision of benefits of stakeholders are characteristics of cultural routes. Therefore, the importance of cooperative relations and systematic development among stakeholders in tourism activities along cultural routes has become a subject of interest. This paper selects local government, tourism enterprises and local community residents, all of which play a key role in the Ancient Tea Horse Road cultural route in the south of Yunnan, as the main stakeholders. We use game theory to construct a model to trace interactions between local government and tourism enterprises, between tourism enterprises and community residents, and between local government and community residents. The paper then analyzes the different interests of the three parties and key factors that influence them in the game process. This provided a certain scientific basis for the win-win decisions regarding tourism development made by the three parties. Our results show that the final decision choices of the three parties depend on the initial payoff matrix of the game, and the influence of key parameters. When making decisions about tourism, the government should respect the wishes of local residents, strengthen protections of local traditions, manage the unreasonable behavior of tourism enterprises as they develop tourism, and develop appropriate penalties for violations of regulations. When tourism enterprises carry out tourism development, they should let community residents take the initiative and fully participate in tourism activities, and be sure that income from tourism is fed back to local residents, to ensure that tourism is mutually beneficial. The study shows that conflicts among the three parties originated mainly from differences in interests, but that the three parties also shared common interests. With a goal of coordinating interests, we can establish relevant mechanisms, follow the principle of interest realization, attach importance to supervision and management, strengthen community participation and decision-making, and realize win-win results for the three parties.