FUZZY SYNTHETIC EVALUATION ON RESIDENT'S PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM IMPACTS——Case of Jiuzhaigou National Park, Sichuan Province, China

Tourism can have both positive and negative outcomes for residents in tourism destinations, It is a good method to analyze the status of tourism impact by means of investigating residents＇ perceptions of it. Various methods have been used in previous authoritative studies. However, owing to inherent imprecision, difficulties always exist in some conventional methodologies when describing the interpretation of linguistic or measured uncertainties for real-world randoln phenomena. The purpose of this research is to present the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method to investigate residents＇ perceptions of tourisln impacts. At first, basic attributes and a hierarchical framework of tourism impacts are defined and formed. Secondly, the weighted vectors are determined according to the knowledge and experience of experts. Thirdly, the weighted evaluation matrices are aggregated to get the fuzzy sets of tourism impacts. In the last stage, the final fuzzy sets are defuzzified to get the rank of the residents＇ perceptions of tourism impacts. A case study in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China is provided to demonstrate the application of this method.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RESIDENTS′ PERCEPTION OF TOURISM IMPACT AT TOURIST PLACES——A Case Study of Xidi, Zhouzhuang and Jiuhua Mountain

Based on the questionnaire investigation, the authors make a comparative study on local residents′ perception of tourism impacts in Xidi, Zhouzhuang and Jiuhua Mountain. The result shows that residents of the three places tend to have strong and consistent perception of its positive economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts, but distinctly diverse ones of its negative impacts. Residents in Xidi and Zhouzhuang also have noticeable perception of its negative environmental impacts while those in Jiuhua Mountain have weaker perception of them. The research confirms the fact that residents are more liable to have positive perceptions at the early stage of the life cycle of the tourist places. The authors conclude that there exists a nonlinear relationship between residents′ perception and tourism development stages, and that tourism socio-cultural impact may appear at an early stage of tourism development instead of being no universal.

Spatial Differentiation of Tourism Impact Based on the Perception of Residents in Mountainous Valley Resorts

Valley economy is a type of economy that comprehensively utilizes the natural economic and social resources of the region based on environmental protection. This economy utilizes the basic role of the market in disposing resources and achieving regional development and social progress. In this paper we studied the town of Yanqi, a valley resort that has developed tourism-based valley economy for several years in the mountainous area of Beijing. This research identifies the spatial differentiation of tourism-related economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impact and level of support for tourism according to the perception and attitude of residents of Yanqi. The research area was divided into three zones(i.e., core, transition, and peripheral)according to the standard proposed by Jaakson. The residents in all three zones showed a positive attitude toward the tourism industry, and the residents in the core zone had a stronger perception toward the impact of tourism. However, several items indicated the converse. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance were used to explore the correlative factors associated with the attitudes of residents toward the tourism industry. Results indicated major differences among the three zones. Multiple factors, including natural conditions, policies, scenic spots, dependence on the tourism industry, and external investment in the three zones resulted in the spatial differentiation of the perception and attitude of residents toward the impact of tourism.

Residents’ Perceptions of the Tourism Impacts on a Mature Destination: The Case of Madeira Island

Residents play a fundamental role in the quality of tourists’experiences and satisfaction derived from a visit and,thus,in the success of a tourism destination.This paper addresses the perceptions that residents have the impacts of tourism on Madeira Island,a mature tourism destination.Based on data extracted from a survey administered to residents during August and September 2018,we inquired on the extent to which they maintain a positive perception of the impacts of the tourist industry.The survey tried to address the residents’perceptions of economic,cultural,social,or environmental impacts.In the analysis of the data,both descriptive and multivariable statistical methods were used.The empirical results attained indicate that residents feel that there is no excess of tourism on the island.They do not fail to realize that there are a few negative consequences,but the positive ones got better scores on average.Being an inhabitant of an urban or a rural site did not seem to influence differently the perceptions gathered on the contribution of tourism to the overall development of Madeira Island.This type of analysis can serve as a useful tool for tourism planners and managers in order to prevent or minimize eventual negative impacts of the tourism industry as felt by the local inhabitants and,thus,for creating the required policies.

A study on the tourism practitioners' perception of tourism impact:a case study of Hainan,China

This study examines the urban population of tourism practitioners' perceptions of economic, environmental, and social impacts on cultural, convention, and sport tourism may have in Haikou and Sanya, Hainan, China. The study uses a modif ied Urban Tourism Impact (UTI) to examine economic, environmental, and social perceived impacts. Analysis of the data includes testing three models of structural relationships between tourism impacts and support for development in each of the tourism market sub-divisions through a confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study show that the positive economic impacts consistently exert influence on predicting support for tourism development in all three models. However, the social impacts play a greater explanatory role with all three market segment, the negative environmental impacts play a role in determining support for sport tourism only. Differences have been found with those with a higher education level in predicting support for cultural tourism, but not convention or sport tourism.

The Mediating Effect of Quality of Life on Tourism Impact and Support Attitude in Alishan Tribes

The purpose of this study was aimed to analyze the effect of indigenous people’s perceived impact of tourism development on tribal quality of life and the support attitude toward tourism development. The research subjects were indigenous people who were at least 20 years old and came from one of eight Alishan tribes in Taiwan. This study conducted an investigation by random sampling, a total of 850 questionnaires were distributed and obtained 827 valid questionnaires. The valid return rate was 97.29%. Statistical analysis was performed on the valid questionnaires using descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS). According to the analytical result, Alishan indigenous people feel the negative environmental impact brought by tourism is the highest, but in terms of quality of life, they also maintain of nature and culture. When the positive economic, environmental, and sociocultural impact of tourism is higher, tribal quality of life and indigenous people’s support attitude toward tourism development will be more significant;however, when the negative economic, environmental, and sociocultural tourism impact is higher, tribal quality of life will be lower and indigenous people will tend to resist tourism development. Quality of life was found to be a moderator between tourism impact and support attitude toward development. This study proposed suggestions for indigenous tribes and the government to develop the tourism sector and introduced specific research directions for future tribal tourism researchers.

The impact of tourism on soils in Zhangjiajie World Geopark

The soil hardness, soil water content and soil bulk density along the trails of six scenic spots in the Zhangjiajie World Geopark were measured and analyzed, and the integrated effects of tourism trampling on soils were evaluated for each scenic spots by calculating its soil impact indexes （SII） in the park. The results indicated that visitors＇ activities caused a serious influence on the soil in the park, especially in the two most used scenic spots-- Yellowstone Village and Gold Whip Stream. The impact of tourism on soil mainly occurred within 3 m along the trails. The impact shapes are classified into six type as single-sided node type, double-sided node type, cross node type, single-sided linkage type, double-sided linkage type and short-cut linkage type. Of six types of impact shapes, the single-sided node type and double-sided type were dominant. The average water contents of soil for six scenic spots at sample areas of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m from trial is 36.6%, 24.5% and 2.2% lower than that of the control area, respectively. The average soil hardness for six scenic spots at 1m, 2 m, and 3m from the trails tramped increased 167.9%, and 122.2%, and 15.8%, respectively, compared with the control area. Soil bulk density increased 26.5% at 1 m and 20.9% at 2 m from the trails. The main countermeasures for reducing the range and extent of tourism impact on soil are discussed.

Impacts of tourism and developmental potential of ecotourism in and around the Changbaishan Biosphere Reserve

Ecotourism has been suggested as the altemative for the conflicts between tourism development and nature conservation especially for the protected area, such as biosphere reserve. Based on investigation of tourism resources of The Changbaishan Biosphere Reserve (CBR) and tourism impacts on environment, economy and society, the potential of ecotourism development is analyzed in and around CBR. The results showed that the conditions in the study area are suitable for development of ecotourism, which is an effective approach for sustainable development of CBR.

The Impact of Tourism on Rural Areas: A Case Study (Moeil Village in Meshginshahr County)

This research explained how tourism activity influenced the society.The impact that was elaborated in this study was“economic,sociocultural,and environmental”aspects.The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and correlational.Most of the data are based on field studies and sampling method(Cochran)to evaluate the effects of tourism development on rural settlements;384 villagers have been interviewed.Findings of the study show that in contrast to the survey of villagers and tourists who evaluated the highest effect in relation to the economic dependent variable with an average rank of 4.1752,in the stepwise regression study the most changes are related to the social and cultural and physical and environmental dimension dependent variable with a coefficient of 0.080.Finally,Pearson correlation test was used to test the hypothesis of this study,according to which it can be stated.Tourism development has provided positive changes in economic,socio-cultural,physical,and environmental dimensions in the village.

Impact of the Wenchuan Earthquake on Tourism in Sichuan,China

An intensive earthquake, the Wenchuan Earthquake of 8.0 on the Richter scale, struck western Sichuan, China on May 12, 2008. The earthquake has tremendously affected all industries in the quake-hit areas, with no exception of the local tourism. The study of the effect of the earthquake on tourism enriches the theory of tourism, and more importantly, it well serves as the foundation for policy making. The objective of this study is to outline for readers the empirical findings on the various ways that the earthquake affected the operations and viability of tourism in the quake-hit areas. This paper is mainly divided into 3 parts. The first part is to discuss the importance of tourism in the quake-hit areas. The second is to analyze the influencing factors of tourism. The third is to assess the impact of the earthquake on tourism in Sichuan in different seasons.

THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM──A Case Study in Dali,Yunnan Province,China

Ancient town Dali is located in northwest Yunnan Province. With its ancient history and natural scenery,it is preserved as one of the first 24 historical and cultural towns in China. Dali has become one of the most popular attractions for foreign tourists since it had its first foreign visitors in 1983.As a result,English came into the life of the local people.This paper presents and explains the results of questionnaires and interviews about Dan people’s attitude toward learning English.Three types of questionnaires were designed to local businessmen,local residents and foreign tourists.Interviews were also given whenever possible.In this study,businessmen in Dali were divided into two distinct groups. One group had their business in“Foreigners’Street”,which was in front of Hongshancha Hotel where many foreign tourists stayed. Another group had business in Fuxin Street, which was vertically across“Foreigners’Street”.The 41 shops and restaurants in“Foreigners’Street”served mainly foreign visitors,and most of them had English names and advertisements. The 353 shops and restaurants in Fuxin Street mainly catered for domestic visitors but also served more and more overseas ones.Subjects from local residents were mostly young people because aging ones were apparently not much affected by English. The results of the study showed that the oral English levels became lower from“Foreigners’Street”to Fuxin Street to local residents,due to declining frequency of contact with foreign people.There were also distinct differences in general English level, the understanding of the importance of English,the purposes of communicating with foreign tourists,the willingness and purposes of going on The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.learning English between businessmen in“Foreigners’Street”and Fuxin Street:people in“Foreigners’Street”had more positive feedback than those in Fuxin Street because their constant contact with foreigners required them to speak better English which enabled them to exchange with foreigners in many aspects,which in turn help them to know more about other cultures. On the other hand,Fuxin Street businessmen would catch up with more and more prospective contact with overseas people.Though local residents had nothing to do with foreign tourists,they met them in the street every day and might have to talk with them in unexpected ways.They lived in a place where they saW English advertisement every day. Accordingly,study results showed that they were very much motivated to learn English. They showed even stronger desire to learn more English than businessmen in “Foreigners’Street”,though many of them were too young to tell why English was so important for them. This is an indication that English has become part of the necessary education for young people in Dan. With the development of tourism, Dali is gradually becoming a place where Chinese culture and western culture meet and coexist.

Analysis on the Impact of Mountain Climate on Tourism Development of Ziyuan County,Guangxi

Ziyuan County is in the northeast mountainous area of Guangxi,with rich tourism resources. The research on tourism climate resources of Ziyuan County could provide reference for rational development of mountain tourism in the county. Through on-the-spot investigation,the local tourism and climate data were collected,and the evolution of climate data was analyzed,and the influence of climate on tourism development was studied. It can see snow in winter of Ziyuan County,and there is not high temperature in summer,where is the best place for summer vacation.Due to typical Danxia landform,beautiful mountain ecology and comfortable climate condition,Ziyuan has become the preferred leisure vacation destination of Guilin. It should rationally utilize meteorological service information to effectively avoid the meteorological disasters,and use the climate resource advantage of mountainous area to develop Ziyuan County's tourism.

旅游影响下的地方饮食文化生产转向:特征与机制

饮食文化是地方文化生产的重要构成部分,旅游影响下,地方饮食文化生产发生了明显转向,基于文化生产逻辑的地方饮食文化生产从现象发生到机理分析亟须开展理论探索。文章从文化生产理论的视角,以淮扬菜主要发源地之一的扬州为例,运用访谈法、参与式观察法和文献分析法等方法,揭示了旅游影响下地方饮食文化生产转向的特征和机制。研究发现:1)地方饮食文化生产转向的特征体现在4个方面,生产要素更加关注文献典籍与乡土文化中的饮食元素的挖掘与利用,生产场域从传统的限定性场域向着规模化场域及多元化场域转变,生产模式在技术和流程两个层面呈现出由厨房生产技术向舞台化炫技表演以及多场景技术组合递进的特征,结构形态旨在实现内容生产、符号生产和媒介生产三者的协调统一;2)旅游对地方饮食文化生产转向形成重要影响,受到核心因素和辅助因素的共同作用,进而形成生产主体响应机制、地方文化创新发展机制、文旅消费提质牵引机制以及主客协商机制等四重驱动机制;3)在传统文化守正与创新博弈中,旅游影响下的地方饮食文化生产可以更有针对性地串联起各利益相关主体,有效利用生产资料,有机整合文化资源,这为文化生产理论提供另一种解释和分析框架。

边境旅游对国家安全的影响机理研究——基于韧性视角

作为“兴边富民”的重要方式,边境旅游带动经济发展的同时,也对边境地区国家安全产生深刻影响。在韧性视角下,边境旅游影响表现为边境社会文化韧性、边境生态环境韧性和边境经济发展韧性;边境旅游对国家安全的影响过程存在“边境地区开放—地方韧性损耗”的逻辑;在以去边界化、去边缘化和去地方化为主的边境地区开放作用下,边境旅游导致以吸收力、适应力和恢复力为主的地方韧性渐变,产生安全冗余、安全均衡和安全滞后3种安全态势。应从开放适度、韧性强化和态势评估3方面入手,以应对边境旅游产生的国家安全风险。

社区参与视角下国家公园居民的旅游影响感知和自然保护态度差异——以神农架国家公园试点区为例

以神农架国家公园体制试点区(以下简称“神农架国家公园”)为例,运用问卷调查和单因素方差分析等手段,基于对参与旅游和未参与旅游的居民群体差异的比较分析,研究了国家公园旅游对社区居民自然保护态度的影响。研究表明:(1)神农架国家公园居民对旅游的正面影响感知明显强于负面影响感知,参与旅游的居民对正面旅游影响的感知强于后者,未参与旅游的居民对部分负面旅游影响的感知强于参与旅游的居民;(2)神农架国家公园居民对自然保护整体上均持有较为强烈的积极态度,但参与旅游的居民和未参与旅游的居民在强度上存在显著差异,参与旅游的居民较之未参与旅游的居民更认同自然保护的意义,更认同神农架自然保护的必要性,更认同国家公园的自然保护功能,也更愿意遵守和支持国家公园关于自然保护的管理规定。研究揭示了国家公园旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的积极影响,深化了我国国家公园问题研究,为国家公园自然资源的游憩利用提供了科学依据,具有较为突出的学术价值和现实意义。鉴于旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的积极影响,我国在推进国家公园体制建设中,在不影响保护管理目标的前提下应通过科学、适度发展旅游来争取当地居民对国家公园体制建设和自然保护工作的支持。

国家公园旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的影响机制——以神农架国家公园试点区为例

建立国家公园体制是我国建设生态文明、美丽中国以及实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化的重要抓手。当地社区居民是国家公园建设和管理的重要利益主体,也是参与国家公园自然保护的重要力量,如何培育当地居民积极的自然保护态度对于国家公园的建设和管理具有重要现实意义。以神农架国家公园试点区为例,基于刺激-有机体-反应(S-O-R)模型,引入地方依恋变量,构建了旅游影响感知、地方依恋和自然保护态度之间的结构关系模型,运用多群组嵌套结构方程模型(SEM)揭示了国家公园发展旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的影响机制。研究表明:(1)神农架国家公园试点区居民对旅游影响的感知对其自然保护态度有显著的直接影响;(2)地方依恋在神农架国家公园试点区居民旅游影响感知与其自然保护态度之间发挥着中介作用;(3)在旅游影响感知、地方依恋和自然保护态度之间的结构关系上,参与旅游的居民和未参与旅游的居民之间存在显著的群体差异。主要表现为前者对负面旅游影响的感知对其地方依恋感和自然保护态度均没有显著影响,而后者对负面旅游影响的感知对其地方依恋感和自然保护态度有显著影响。研究的理论贡献主要有两点:一是通过引入地方依恋作为中介变量,揭示了国家公园旅游影响当地居民自然保护态度的作用路径;二是通过参与旅游居民和未参与旅游居民两个群体的比较分析,进一步揭示了国家公园旅游影响当地居民自然保护态度的群体差异。

基于旅游影响感知的旅游目的地居民福祉综合评价

旅游目的地居民福祉的持续提升是民族地区旅游业可持续发展的关键.以临夏回族自治州八坊十三巷景区为案例地,从旅游影响感知视角,探讨了旅游发展对当地居民福祉的影响,得到结论:居民福祉水平差异较大;从旅游影响感知来看,居民对旅游发展带来的旅游经济影响感知值最高,而对旅游环境和旅游文化的影响感知值均低于整体感知均值;居民对旅游发展带来的福祉影响的评价差异显著,旅游经济对居民福祉的影响评价值最高,而旅游环境与整体影响评价值持平,但旅游文化低于整体影响评价值.据此,应从重视地方传统文化内涵挖掘赋能保护与发展、完善旅游收益分配机制、提升景区科学化管理水平等方面入手,以实现民族地区旅游目的地居民福祉持续提升与旅游可持续发展的共赢.

旅游影响下传统村落遗产教育功能探测与评估研究--以湖南省张谷英村为例

传统村落由交通网络末端走向社会发展前台,传统村落遗产已成为大众旅游选择的对象,研究旅游影响下传统村落遗产教育功能具有现实意义。本文通过传统村落遗产教育功能维度分析和问卷调查,探测与验证张谷英村蕴含的民俗文化和历史教育功能、思想道德教育功能、文学艺术审美教育功能、传统建筑审美教育功能和生态环保教育功能。评估分析表明,旅游影响下张谷英村遗产教育功能各维度实现程度较高,但游客性别等对其遗产教育功能的实现有显著影响,值得今后传统村落遗产教育资源开发探讨。

甘肃民族地区旅游影响感知对国家认同感的影响评价--以临夏回族自治州八坊十三巷景区为例

旅游目的地居民对国家认同感的持续提升是民族地区旅游业可持续发展的重要目标。文章以临夏州八坊十三巷景区为例,从居民旅游影响感知视角,探讨了旅游发展对当地居民国家认同感的影响,得出以下结论:(1)从旅游影响对国家认同感的影响感知来看,民族地区旅游目的居民对当地旅游发展带来的国家认同感更为敏感;(2)从旅游影响对国家认同感的影响评价来看,民族地区居民的旅游影响感知对国家认同感的综合影响评价较高。旅游业的发展进一步增强了人们的民族自豪感、文化自信以及对国家的功能依赖。

社交媒体对网红城市旅游形象感知影响研究——以山东省淄博市为例

研究选取山东省淄博市作为案例地,搜集新浪微博的网络文本数据,基于“认知—情感”理论模型,利用网络文本分析法分析游客对淄博市的旅游形象感知。结果显示:在认知形象上,主要围绕“淄博烧烤”展开,烧烤已经成为淄博的重要旅游吸引物;在情感形象上,游客感知主要以积极情绪为主,负面情绪较少;从整体形象上来看,淄博市是“网红城市”“烧烤之城”“好客之都”,整体形象良好。对此,淄博市可以挖掘城市特色,推出更具体验性的旅游产品;完善客流监控,引导游客分流;将产品和活动打造成品牌IP,提升影响力;把控市场变化,灵活调整营销策略。