Income effects of poverty alleviation relocation program on rural farmers in China

This paper analyses the impact of the poverty alleviation relocation(PAR)program on rural household income and evaluates the heterogeneous income effects of various relocation modes,based on a panel dataset of relocated households from 16 counties in eight Chinese provinces.The results show that participation in the PAR increases the income of both rural and urban resettlers.More specifically,it has a significant positive effect on agricultural and wage income for rural and urban resettlers,respectively.Further analyses show that the income increase for rural resettlers was mainly due to agricultural technology training and that the income increase for town resettlers was attributed to medical security.For the village resettlers,policies should focus on strengthening the development of local industries and training of agricultural technologies.For the urban resettlers,non-agricultural employment and public services in the urban resettlement areas should be promoted.

Measurement and Promotion Strategy of Poverty Alleviation Effect through Ecological Tourism in Huanggang City

Huangang City is rich in ecotourism resources,in which more than 80%of ecotourism resources concentrate in poor countryside.According to the statistics,there are 4 tourism counties,15 famous tourism villages and 115 rural tourist attractions.But economic development in ecotourism scenic spots of Huanggang City is relatively backward,and the development of ecological economy is imminent,especially ecological tourism.Based on research results on poverty alleviation effect through ecological tourism at home and abroad,Huanggang City is taken as research object,and two input indexes(per capita comprehensive tourism income and per capita tourist reception)and three output indexes(per capita GDP,per capita net income of farmers,and per capita disposable income of urban residents)are used to establish evaluation index system of poverty alleviation effect through ecological tourism.Based on DEA-BCC model,11 counties(cities and districts)in Huanggang City are taken as decision-making units,and empirical analysis on poverty alleviation effect through tourism is conducted from three aspects:comprehensive efficiency,technical efficiency and scale efficiency.

Types and Optimization Paths Between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization:A Case Study of Hunan Province,China

Exploring the synergy types and optimization paths between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization is necessary for achieving the two centenary goals.Taking poverty alleviation counties in Hunan Province,China as an example,our study proposed an indicator to measure the synergistic development between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization using the multi-index integrated evaluation method.Then,the coupling types were classified based on both the proposed indicator and regional characteristics.Besides,the corresponding optimization path for each coupling type was proposed to promote the synergistic development of Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization.Results are as follows:1)Lower synergy focused on the southwestern Hunan,while low synergy is widely distributed(such as the west,southwest,northwest,and midland).Moderate synergy is in the midland,such as Huaihua and Chenzhou cities.High synergy is distributed in Yongzhou,Huaihua,Xiangxi cities,etc.Besides,only Hecheng City belongs to the higher synergy.2)This paper proposes corresponding development paths for different development characteristics and main problems from multiple perspectives of the protection system,industrial planning,and rural market.Continuously consolidate and enhance the effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization to achieve coupled and synergistic development of the two systems.Our research results can provide theoretical support for implementing Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization in Hunan Province,China.

Work Effectiveness,Problems and Countermeasures of Third-Party Assessment Teams from Colleges and Universities for Targeted Poverty Alleviation

Conducting a third-party assessment on targeted poverty alleviation can effectively avoid the disadvantage that local government plays as both athlete(i.e.performer of poverty alleviation work)and referee(i.e.referee for poverty alleviation effect)in poverty alleviation to ensure the truth of poverty alleviation,and therefore,it is an important part of the work to win the battle against poverty.Since 2016,the thirdparty assessment teams from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation have achieved good results and performance in the assessment on both the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation work and the exit of poor counties in China,and they have made due contributions to the cause of poverty alleviation.However,as a new thing,third-party assessment obviously has some problems,mainly including the following:subjective understanding on the long-term nature of rural poverty alleviation is insufficient,and there is a lack of long-term considerations and related mechanism for third-party assessment;affected by policies and institutions,most of the existing third-party assessment teams from colleges and universities have not regarded third-party assessment of targeted poverty alleviation as a cause,and they lack the motivation to actively study the assessment business;and the third-party assessment staff from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation have low stability and high mobility,not conducive to the long-term construction of assessment teams.In order to establish long-term poverty alleviation and prevention mechanisms,these issues must be addressed squarely and relevant countermeasures need to be taken actively to effectively build a long-term mechanism for building third-party assessment teams from colleges and universities for targeted poverty alleviation.

Evaluation of E-commerce Poverty Alleviation Effect in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The industrial prosperity proposed in the overall requirement of rural revitalization strategy in the Report of the 19th National Congress is the cornerstone of rural development. E-commerce poverty alleviation is an effective way of poverty alleviation in recent years. This paper mainly explored the factors influencing the rural e-commerce poverty alleviation and the evaluation of poverty alleviation effects,in order to come up with countermeasures and recommendations to provide assistance and guidance for the use of e-commerce to achieve poverty alleviation and accordingly to revitalize the rural industry. Firstly,using the literature research method,it proposed four level Ⅰ indicators influencing the e-commerce poverty alleviation,and designed a detailed level Ⅱ indicator system under each dimension. Then,the questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data for SPSS analysis to verify whether the designed indicator system is correct. Finally,it analyzed the problem of the current stage of e-commerce poverty alleviation by means of the quadrifid graph,and came up with corresponding countermeasures on the basis of the four key levek I factors.

Effective Poverty Alleviation through Standardization

The forum on county development and poverty alleviation on China＇s National Poverty Alleviation Day 2017 was held in Beijing on October 10.

Tourism dependence and poverty alleviation thresholds in Chinese ethnic tourism

Questions persist on the relationship between tourism dependence and economic growth in ethnic tourism areas.This study addresses such gaps by constructing a threshold regression model based on socio-economic data from 2006 to 2019 for nine sites in Enshi Prefecture of central China.Arc GIS and other open-source data were also used to visualize changing tourism resources in the region.Findings suggest that tourism dependence(the ratio of tourism-based GDP to overall GDP)significantly promotes economic growth in ethnic minority areas.However,the positive influence of tourism dependence on economic growth appears dynamic and non-linear–rising at first before falling when tourism dependence exceeded a threshold of 34%,with effects varying by site and year.Methods and findings make crucial theoretical contributions to understanding tourism dependence and poverty alleviation linkages.This paper also highlights the importance of political support and balanced investment in diverse industries to minimize decreasing returns beyond tourism dependence thresholds in destinations worldwide.

Poverty reduction effects of integrating high-quality development and cultural tourism in China

The integration of the cultural tourism industry with high-quality development is believed to be an important method of alleviating poverty.Most research in this area has focused on single towns,cities,or regions without considering the spillover effects of neighboring areas.To fill this gap,this study applies a spatial panel econometric model to empirically test the spatial spillover effects of integrating the cultural tourism industry with high-quality developments and their mechanisms of poverty alleviation based on provincial panel data of the Chinese Mainland from 2010 to 2020.Four key results are presented.First,there is an obvious spatial dependence on the high-quality development scale,specialization level,and poverty level of cultural tourism integration.The common panel model is found to overestimate the impact of this integration on poverty alleviation because it ignores the spatial spillover-related explanatory variables.Second,the scale of development quality is found to have no significant impact on poverty alleviation when integrating cultural tourism;however,the level of development specialization has both a direct impact on poverty alleviation and the spatial spillover effect.Third,the integration of the cultural tourism industry in the Central and Western regions is shown to have a strong direct effect on poverty reduction through high-quality development.However,the spillover effect on poverty reduction in the Eastern region is greater than that in the Central and Western regions.Fourth,the integration of high-quality development and cultural tourism is found to have a direct impact on poverty alleviation overall by promoting tourism consumption,material capital accumulation,and structural transformation.

Effective way of alleviating poverty against poverty control: Based on the model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" in Zhen'an County

Based on the survey research of poverty controlling model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" in Zhen'an County, its forming motives, implementing mechanism, and constraint factors have been explored to testify its enlightenment and applicability, establishing a promotable, applicable, and effective poverty alleviation model. "Three Drives, Four Joints" model is linked to the poor who lacks ability of self-development. Relying on the drives from key leading companies, the capable and the rich, a community with shared interests by the poor and the subjects of the "three drives" could be formed through "Joint Production, Joint Resources, Joint Community of Stock, and Joint Operation". The linked poverty alleviation development model of "the influential and the rich bring along the poor" and "A rich household would help the others" come into being. It is found out that the model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" is in essence a poverty alleviation method focusing on the increase of the income and diversified ways of increasing the earnings. Problems of poverty alleviation carrier and joint mechanism have been solved in the poverty alleviation process. The model is innovative in activating the resource elements, helping to move the poor out of poverty. A referential, copyable, and applicable model is offered to advance the poverty alleviation in mountainous areas in China.

甘肃省脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接研究

在阐释脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴三大逻辑关系基础上,梳理了甘肃脱贫攻坚取得的七项历史性成就,分析了甘肃脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接面临的六个主要问题,从做好脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴的政策衔接、规划衔接、工作衔接,以及新型城镇化与乡村振兴深度融合、农民收入增长与分配机制有效统筹、富民产业培育与乡村产业振兴有机结合、生态产业化与乡村生态振兴有机结合、提升农民自我发展能力与乡村人才振兴有机结合等八个方面提出了政策建议,并从阻断贫困代际传递、逐步解决相对贫困问题、提升农民内生发展动力和自我发展能力、加快乡村产业振兴步伐、加强农村基础设施建设等方面指出了开启乡村振兴新篇章的主要路径。

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的金融服务机制研究

巩固脱贫攻坚成果,推进乡村振兴战略的实施离不开现代金融运行机制。构建综合评价指标体系,选取2011—2020年中国30个省级面板数据,采用熵权法分别测度金融发展水平、脱贫攻坚成果及乡村振兴发展水平,运用耦合协调度模型分析巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴的衔接效果,采用SDM模型检验金融促进脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的溢出效应。结果表明:巩固拓展脱贫成果与乡村振兴的衔接效应正逐渐增强,且东部地区的衔接效应强于中部和西部地区;金融服务有效衔接存在积极的促进作用和显著的空间溢出效应,中、西部地区溢出效应大于东部地区;长期溢出效应大于短期直接效应,证实金融服务乡村振兴存在良好的示范与推广机制。

民族地区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接研究——以内蒙古自治区为例

在全面脱贫取得胜利和全面推进乡村振兴事业的历史交汇节点上,巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有机衔接,是预防返贫风险、扎实推进乡村振兴战略的必然要求。内蒙古自治区脱贫攻坚取得显著性成果,但推进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接中仍存在困境,农牧区基础设施建设滞后,返贫风险长期存在,产业发展存在局限,新型农牧专业人才匮乏,缺乏内生动力,农牧区生态功能下降。内蒙古巩固脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接应做好政策、规划和体制机制的有效衔接,加快农牧区基础设施建设,建立防止返贫长效机制,推动产业融合发展,完善农牧区人才队伍建设,激发农牧民发展的内生动力,持续加强生态文明建设。

过渡期扎实推进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的政策选择与建议

脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴是我国为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标而作出的重要战略部署。党中央明确提出,在脱贫攻坚目标任务完成后设立5年过渡期,把实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接作为过渡期的一项重大战略任务。脱贫攻坚是乡村振兴的基础和前提,乡村振兴是脱贫攻坚的巩固和深化,二者既相互独立又紧密联系,做好有效衔接和协同推进,既有利于培育长效脱贫机制,又有利于促进农业农村优先发展,加快推动乡村全面振兴。在深化改革与推进乡村全面振兴背景下,深刻理解有效衔接的重大意义,准确把握衔接的正确方向,及时跟踪衔接进程中取得的新成绩新经验并不断深化拓展,敏锐发现衔接进程中出现的新情况新问题并重视解决,不仅是过渡期的工作重点,也是整个乡村振兴进程中的重要任务。

新质生产力对缓解农村相对贫困的影响——基于产业结构高级化视角

我国在2020年消除绝对贫困之后,贫困治理工作由消除绝对贫困向缓解相对贫困转变。以人工智能、新技术等为代表的新兴产业推动新质生产力升级,为有效解决农村相对贫困提供了全新机遇和有利条件。基于2012—2022年我国省级面板数据,构建固定效应模型和中介效应模型,分析新质生产力、产业结构高级化与农村相对贫困之间的内在关系。研究发现:新质生产力水平的提升对于缓解农村相对贫困有直接明确的促进作用;中部和西部地区的新质生产力缓解农村相对贫困作用比较显著,且西部地区新质生产力水平缓解农村相对贫困作用大于中部地区,但在东部地区新质生产力水平缓解农村相对贫困效果不明显;产业结构高级化存在21.26%的中介效应,能有效缓解农村相对贫困。

推动脱贫战略与乡村振兴有效衔接研究

当前,推动脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴已经成为时代热点,是国家的重点发展战略。在脱贫攻坚决胜期与乡村振兴启动期的重要交汇期,研究脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴战略的有效衔接,对实现农村、农业快速发展具有重要现实意义。通过实地调研,以河南省这一中部典型省份为研究对象,研究了河南省脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接的现状,结合实际情况,提出了在其落实发展过程中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了相应的改进建议,希望能够为脱贫攻坚战略与乡村振兴战略的有效衔接提供借鉴和参考。

探索当代“扶贫”主题歌剧的艺术特征

“扶贫”主题歌剧作品近年来获得了喜人的丰硕成果,作品聚焦于一线驻村干部的真人真事,管窥贫困乡村的旧貌换新颜,既有感人肺腑的伟大事迹,也有充满深情的礼赞。“扶贫”主题歌剧作品作为当代中华民族歌剧创作的结晶,艺术家们在主题构思、音乐编创、舞台塑造等方面,秉承着传统文化精神与革故鼎新的审美构思方式,采用具有前瞻性的创作理念及手法进行创构,融入了丰富的创意,并保持了歌剧创作的民族性、现代感和淳朴气息,使“扶贫”主题歌剧展现出卓越非凡的创作新观。

稳定脱贫政策的健康效应:基于模糊断点回归的证据

在脱贫攻坚向乡村振兴过渡的过程中,提高脱贫群众健康状况、预防脱贫群众因病返贫是最基础的工作。为了检验现行稳定脱贫政策能否产生健康效应,起到预防因病返贫的目的,使用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2013—2019年的数据,借助2014年全国范围内建档立卡行动这一准自然实验,通过模糊断点回归方法估计了稳定脱贫政策的健康效应。结果显示:稳定脱贫政策具有显著健康效应,这一效应对边缘易致贫户与深度贫困地区脱贫群众更加明显,但对户主为女性的脱贫群众并不显著。机制研究表明,稳定脱贫政策主要是通过提高脱贫群众所在地区医疗资源供给质量、提升脱贫群众医疗资源需求的渠道产生了健康效应。以上研究结论为进一步优化稳定脱贫政策、提升脱贫群众健康状况提供了政策建议。

中国减贫经验的理论解释——以四川省盐源县苹果产业为例

乡村减贫与发展是全球可持续发展的重要课题。基于“有为政府”与“有效市场”结合视角,梳理四川省凉山州盐源县苹果产业扶贫的逻辑,聚焦短期“扶贫”、中期“扶志”、长期“扶智”的盐源苹果产业扶贫理念与模式,探索农村减贫中“有为政府”与“有效市场”相结合的制度创新。研究发现,内嵌于村庄特色资源禀赋情境的苹果产业形成长效机制,成为支撑农户收入增长、脱贫致富的支柱产业。在“后脱贫”时代,需要注重营造“有效市场”环境,发展比较优势凸显的苹果产业,完善产业扶贫与产业兴旺有效衔接机制,支持构建市场主导、政府引导的长效型产业发展格局。凝练得出贫困治理的不同阶段中“市场失灵—政府补位—有为政府(不越位)—有效市场”的中国减贫经验,即脱贫攻坚期“有为政府”主导绝对贫困的消除,后脱贫时代“有效市场”引导相对贫困消减,是中国式产业减贫经验的理论核心。

精准扶贫政策的隐性价值评估--基于流动人口的收入溢出效应视角

作为人类一次大规模的准自然实验,中国脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利之后,其政策效应和历史经验需要深入总结。跳出仅聚焦精准扶贫政策效应“显性价值”的传统视角,从更广阔的视域来审视其可能带来的“隐性价值”,评估其“看不见的效应”。基于对脱贫县非贫困户外出流动人口这一非政策群体可能是外溢对象的观察,利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,运用双重差分方法评估精准扶贫政策对其收入的外溢效应。研究发现,精准扶贫政策对外流人口具有显著的正向收入溢出效应。群体异质性研究发现,这种外溢存在“马太效应”,高收入流动人口的溢出效应显著高于低收入群体;流入地空间异质性研究结果显示,西部地区获得的外溢效应最小;流出地空间异质性研究结果显示,老家处于村庄或乡镇的人口具有显著的收入溢出效应,而县城及以上区域不显著。机制分析发现,外溢效应可以通过同群影响、东西部地区协作、公共服务完善等渠道产生作用。因此,未来乡村振兴过程中应继续优化传承精神扶贫、区域协作、基础设施建设等农村贫困治理方略。

链接国家与农民:政党建设、行政嵌入与基层选举——基于脱贫攻坚的实证研究

脱贫攻坚是以政党建设推动乡村治理的战略举措,其中政党、政府、乡村社会三元互动,进而对基层选举产生深刻影响。根据政党-政府-乡村社会三元互动分析框架,资源输入、行政嵌入与政党建设是脱贫攻坚影响基层选举的三个作用机制。基于2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据,利用连续型双重差分设计进行效应评估发现,脱贫攻坚总体上提高基层选举投票率,发挥驱动村庄民主治理的政治效应。机制性分析显示,脱贫攻坚经由资源输入机制和行政嵌入机制一定程度上降低基层选举投票率,而经由政党建设机制显著提高投票率,且政党建设的中介效应大于前二者。总之,脱贫攻坚中政党建设发挥着链接国家与农民的桥梁作用,有效驱动基层民主治理。