A system-integrated approach for the design of tourist areas at the local level under changing conditions:A case study in the Altay Mountains

The existing approaches for the design of tourist areas often lead to limited flexibility in project implementation.To realize a more flexible approach,in this study,we formulated a model for planning and designing tourist areas at the local level.Moreover,specific tools for analyzing tourist areas and ensuring sustainable development under changing conditions were developed.This study was conducted in two tourist regions,Biryuzovaya Katun tourist complex and Belokurikha destination(including Belokurikha City with Belokurikha 2 Gornaya tourist complex and surrounding areas),in the Altay Mountains.We employed the recreation opportunity spectrum and proposed a system-integrated programming approach for the design of tourist areas at the destination and site levels.The key of this approach was the collection and analysis of current spatial data,including the spatial distribution of attractions and visitor flows.We constructed heat maps using video recording and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)observation data.Moreover,we analyzed the video stream using an image-analyzing framework You Only Look Once(YOLO)v5 software.The heat map of visitor flows based on video recording data in the Andreevskaya Sloboda museum of Belokurikha 2 Gornaya tourist complex allowed us to highlight the most attractive sites in this area and classify them into one of three types:points of functional concentration,points of transitional concentration,and points of attractions.The heat maps in Biryuzovaya Katun tourist complex,created using UAV observation data,allowed us to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of visitor flows and tourists’preferences throughout the day within four time intervals:09:00-12:00,13:00-14:00,14:00-15:00,and 16:00-18:00(LST).The maximum visitor flow density occurred from 16:00 to 18:00 in the beach area of the artificial lake.A comparison between the visitor-concentrated sites and the current facilities provided insights into the demand for attractions and facilities and the lacking areas.Heat maps are useful in analyzing the land use at the site level,while zoning based on the recreation opportunity spectrum can be used to design tourist areas at the destination level.The proposed methods for analyzing the use of tourist areas contribute to the development of adaptive tourism design.

Pollutant loads of surface runoff in Wuhan City Zoo, an urban tourist area

The pollutant loads of surface runoff in an urban tourist area have been investigated for two years in the Wuhan City Zoo, China. Eight sampling sites, including two woodlands, three animal yards, two roofs and one road, were selected for sampling and study. The results indicate that pollutants ranked in a predictable order of decreasing load （e.g. animal yard〉roof〉woodland〉road）, with animal yards acting as the key pollution source in the zoo. Pollutants were transported mainly by particulate form in runoff. Particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorous accounted on average for 61%, 78% of total pollutant, respectively, over 13 monitored rainfall events. These results indicate the treatment practices should be implemented to improve particulate nutrient removal. Analysis of the M（V） curve indicate that no first flush effect existed in the surface runoff from pervious areas （e.g. woodland, animal ground yard）, whereas a first flush effect was evident in runoff from impervious surfaces （e.g. animal cement yard, roof, road）.

Research on Leisure Agriculture Development Based on Red Tourist Area in Ningxiang County of Hunan Province,China

Based on development of leisure agriculture in Ningxiang County,the existing problems had been analyzed,conditions for leisure agriculture development in Ningxiang County had been summarized,which included good natural conditions and abundant leisure agricultural resources;advantageous social economic conditions and excellent transportation,reference from domestic and foreign leisure agriculture.In view of these advantages,development conception had been further proposed and it was considered that it should enhance publicity,build brand and cultivate source market of leisure agriculture;conduct scientific decision and reasonable planning,develop leisure agricultural tourist area at suburb;pay attention to ecology,protect environment and walk sustainable development road.As for leisure agriculture in Ningxiang,four tourist areas should be divided,which were suburban rest tourist area in the north,celebrity hometown tourist area in the east,hot spring recuperation vacation area in the south and landscape religious tourist area in the west.

Analysis on Tourist Satisfaction Degree and Its Measuring Indexes in Tourist Area——A Case Study of Zhenyuan Ancient City of Guizhou Province

By using principal component analysis,this paper had modified and put forward a theoretical model of evaluation on tourist satisfaction degree with tourist perception quality and tourist satisfaction degree as structure variables and with thirty indexes like image of tourist area,tourists' expectation,infrastructure in tourist area,landscape features and ticket price as observed variables,based on random questionnaire survey of tourists of Zhenyuan ancient city in Guizhou Province and the existing evaluation models of tourist satisfaction degree at home and abroad.The survey result showed that tourist satisfaction degree was not high,that tourists were dissatisfied with observing facilities,transportation,accommodation and landscape features,and that the attraction power of tourist area was weak.The comprehensive tourist satisfaction degree of Zhenyuan ancient city was 77.653.Therefore,the government should enhance reconstruction of infrastructure and construction of landscape features,and improve tourist service quality level,so as to realize sustainable development of tourist economy in Zhenyuan ancient city.

Waterscapes in Tourist Area Based on “Game Theory”

Johan Huizinga’s Game Theory was applied to analyze game activities in tourism,it was found that visitors could experience the significance of games when they were participating in the games.On the basis of game theory,the author classified waterscape design models into play model,game model,and experience model,explored landscape design models based on water games,so as to provide a new concept for the design of waterscapes in tourist area.

Study on Consumer Behaviors of Tourists in Rural Areas of Liaoning Province

This study takes Liaoning Province for an example,investigates and analyzes a series of consumer decision behaviors of tourists in rural tourist sites,such as need recognition,data collection,purchase decision,summarizes law of tourists' behaviors,points out internal interaction between tourists' behaviors and demography features,proposes improvement measures for promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism.

Ecological Security Assessment and the Sustainable Development of Tourist Destination—A Case Study of Taining Scenic Area

With Taining national scenic area as the case study, the guidance of ecological footprint analysis on the sustainable development of tourist destination was expounded.

Evaluation of Tourist's Satisfaction Degree of Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area in Xi'an City

Tourist's satisfaction degree is one of the important indexes to evaluate the service quality of scenic spot.Taking Xi'an Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area for an example,with the expectation difference theory and customers' satisfaction evaluation model as the theoretical basis of the research,the overall satisfaction degree of tourists to hot spring resort area,and the actual sensation accomplishments and the expectation difference of each service index were analyzed by using regression analysis and paired sample t test method.The results showed:① The overall satisfaction degree of tourists to the resort area was higher.There were remarkable correlation among three variables:the sensation value,the overall satisfaction degree,and the tourist's loyalty degree;② Generally,the sensation actual accomplishments of 15 service appraisal factors were higher than the expectation value.According to the characteristics,these 15 service appraisal factors were divided into 5 groups.Some unsatisfactory aspects were found out,and the corrective measures were put forward.

Simulating the Saturation Threshold of a Water Environment's Response to Tourist Activities:A Case Study in the Liupan Mountain Eco-tourism Area

The effect of tourism on water environments has received a high degree of interest in the study of eco-tourism.Based on the analysis of the relationship between tourist activities and the water environment in the Liupan Mountain eco-tourism zone,the case study area,a Water Environment of Tourism Area Model(WETAM) is built to simulate the temporal and spatial changes in water quality and the response saturation thresholds under four sewage treatment scenarios.The results imply the following:(1) WETAM performs well in modeling a water environment to represent the dynamic process of water quality change in response to tourist activities.(2) Under four sewage treatment scenarios(fundamental,low,medium,and high),the threshold shows an obvious uptrend.(3) The response threshold of water quality with respect to the interference of tourist activities fluctuates seasonally due to changes in tourist density.(4) The thresholds differ significantly among five tourism functional areas.According to the response saturation threshold of the water environment,effective control based on the scale and intensity of tourist activities is important for a successful transformation of this tourism destination's development strategies.Therefore,the integrated management of water pollution in tourism areas plays a crucial role in sustainable tourism development.

Influence of tourist disturbance on soil properties, plant communities, and surface water quality in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang, China

The impact of tourist disturbance on the environment has become a focal issue of environmental science, ecology, and travel management studies. To assess the influence of tourist disturbance on soils and plants in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang, China, we compared soil properties and plant community characteristics at 0, 5, 10, and 20 m from the tourist trail within areas at three different altitudes, where the intensities of tourist disturbance are distinct. Surface water quality was also studied at three different levels relative to the Tianchi Lake. The results showed that tourist disturbance significantly increased soil pH within 10 m from the trail and soil bulk density on the edge of the trail, but significantly reduced soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents within 5 m from the trail. The number of tree seedlings on the edge of the trail and the shrub coverage and height of herbaceous plants within 5 m from the trail significantly decreased due to tourist disturbance. Changes in herbaceous plant diversity differed by soil zones. In the high altitude region, tourist disturbance led to a remarkable increase in the herbaceous plant diversity on the edge of the trail, while in the low altitude region, tourist disturbance had a low impact on the diversity of herbaceous plants. In addition, tourist activities polluted the surface water, significantly reducing water quality. Thus, current tourist activities have a significant negative impact on the ecological environment in the Tianchi scenic area.

Nature Conservation versus Scenic Quality:A GIS Approach towards Optimized Tourist Tracks in a Protected Area of Northwest Yunnan,China

Development of appropriate tourism infrastructure is important for protected areas that allow public access for tourism use.This is meant to avoid or minimize unfavourable impacts on natural resources through guiding tourists for proper use.In this paper,a GIS-based method,the least-cost path(LCP) modelling,is explored for planning tourist tracks in a World Heritage site in Northwest Yunnan(China),where tourism is increasing rapidly while appropriate infrastructure is almost absent.The modelling process contains three steps:1) selection of evaluation criteria(physical,biological and landscape scenic) that are relevant to track decision; 2) translation of evluation criteria into spatially explicit cost surfaces with GIS,and 3) use of Dijkstra's algorithm to determine the least-cost tracks.Four tracks that link main entrances and scenic spots of the study area are proposed after optimizing all evaluation criteria.These tracks feature lowenvironmental impacts and high landscape qualities,which represent a reasonable solution to balance tourist use and nature conservation in the study area.In addtion,the study proves that the LCP modelling can not only offer a structured framwork for track planning but also allow for different stakeholders to participate in the planning process.It therefore enhances the effectivenss of tourism planning and managemnt in protected areas.

The Development of the Deprived Urban and Rural Areas, Ingrained with the Tourist Attractions (with an Emphasis on the Silk Road)

Around the year 140 BC the Evo, the famous imperial Han Dynasty took power in China and then sent some representatives to the western land in order to communicate with the West in addition to know the political, military, geographical, economic and cultural situations of that region, it provides the basis for opening the way to the West. In this regard, they traveled to Iran and accordingly the formal relations were established between the Iranian and the Western governments and finally the Silk Road with a distance of about 8000 km has been emerged and started from the East and ended to Mediterranean Sea in the West. The aim of this study is to show that the Silk Road links throughout the world and its people together in thousands of years and the countries, cities and villages located in this road have been affected by developments or had affected and vivifying of it will lead to develop of the deprived urban and rural areas according to the abundant tourist attractions. This study which has used the historical and analytical method with practical purpose shows that cultural, scientific, religious and commercial exchanges between East and West were wide and many cities and villages were profiting of this gift. In this regard, vivifying of this road will lead to grow the underserved urban and rural areas according to many tourist attractions of the cities and villages.

Analysis and Empirical Study on the Tourism Attraction Factors of Scenic Areas

Modeling research and empirical study on the attraction of tourism destinations were conducted from 6 aspects,i.e.quality and scale of tourism resources,economic environment of tourism destinations,policy environment,accessibility,income level of tourist source areas as well as distance between tourist source area and tourism destination.

面向海滨旅游区的抑菌型智能公共设施设计研究

文章旨在探索海滨旅游城市中公共设施设计在户外空间所发挥的服务效能,以及其对自然景观带的潜在影响。研究首先着重分析了海滨旅游区公共设施使用者的行为特征,其次提出面向海滨旅游区的抑菌型智能公共设施设计策略,最后进行面向海滨旅游区的抑菌型智能公共设施设计实践。以期在人流聚集区不单设大面积消毒清洁设备和降低市政维护成本的情况下,有效地抑制或降低细菌的再次传播概率,向游客提供一个安全健康的公共环境,提升海滨旅游城市的服务体验。

乡村旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力演化差异及影响机理——基于长三角核心-边缘区比较实证

基于适应性循环理论和核心-边缘理论,利用集对分析法、向量自回归、系统动力学仿真等多元集成方法,对比分析核心-边缘区乡村旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力演化机理和路径差异。研究发现:①旅游业能够推动核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力一体化均衡发展,恢复力差距呈逐渐缩小趋势。②核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力系统内部复杂交互、协同有序发展。社会、经济和生态子系统互为非线性动态因果关系,在此非线性复杂自组织力作用下子系统之间的耦合协调度呈良好发展趋势。③通过复杂系统多情景模拟,核心区乡村旅游地发展路径以协调发展型或生态保护型为主,边缘区以旅游优先型为主。④驱动核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力演化的要素系统具有差异性。在系统层面,生态系统对核心区影响程度最高,社会系统对边缘区的影响程度最高;在因素层面,生态因素是影响核心-边缘区乡村旅游地的共同要素,核心区能够通过生态修复提升生态韧性,边缘区能够利用生态优势转化为发展优势,进而均能显著提升乡村旅游地恢复力。

基于机器学习的历史文化街区游客感知多维度评价研究——以西安市北院门历史文化街区为例

旅游开发是历史文化街区活化利用的重要途径。游客的认知兴趣能够如实反映历史文化街区的价值传递与文化传承效果,引导具有文化价值的旅游资源发展方向。为优化文化场所营造、提高文化服务水平,游客感知逐渐成为判断历史文化街区保护利用工作实际进展效果的重要依据。本文选取西安市北院门历史文化街区为研究对象,运用机器学习中的LDA主题模型,从更关注历史内涵与文化价值传递的视角,探讨历史文化街区游客感知的多维度评价方法。研究发现:北院门历史文化街区的游客感知总体呈现高度不均衡的特征,“民族特色美食街”的感知形象占据主导地位;游客感知维度按旅游吸引力强度依次为消费体验、地方美食、景观建筑、环境氛围、生活记忆和非遗文化,消费体验与地方美食维度高度绑定,且对其他维度的带动作用极为有限;不同游客感知维度评价差异显著,消费体验和景观建筑维度关注度较高、满意度相对较低,历史文化传递效果欠佳,非遗文化和生活记忆维度满意度较高、关注度相对较低,保护挖潜力度不足。研究结果能有效反映北院门街区对游客的历史文化传递效果,对历史文化街区实现文化传承与旅游资源利用的双重目标具有重要意义。

基于游客感知视角下的京张体育文化旅游带高质量建设研究——以张家口为例

《京张体育文化旅游带建设规划》对京张体育文化旅游带建设提出了整体规划,对于整合京张沿线旅游资源、推进京冀协同发展具有重要指导作用。从游客感知视角出发,构建张家口区域京张体育文化旅游带满意度指标体系,运用IPA-Kano模型对张家口京张体育文化旅游带的满意度进行评价。在景观感知、活动感知、文化感知和服务感知的评价体系下,提出建设路径:(1)发挥资源优势与特色,打造差异化发展;(2)立足交通区位优势,提升旅游设施服务质量;(3)完善旅游模式开发,增强品牌影响力;(4)强化文旅人才支撑,推动京张体育文化旅游带高质量发展。旨在促进张家口区域体育、文化与旅游的深度融合,以期为京张体育文化旅游带高质量建设提供参考借鉴。

自然公园游客投喂野生动物的意愿、态度与行为研究——以峨眉山风景名胜区为例

随着自然保护地旅游业的快速发展,投喂野生非人灵长类动物的行为在各景区屡见不鲜,然而此举会带来诸多危害。本研究采用问卷调查法于峨眉山风景名胜区对游客投喂藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)的意愿、态度与行为进行调查。结果显示:(1)景区投喂现象常见,多发生在生态猴区和雷洞坪,游客投喂的食物种类繁多;(2)有投喂意愿的游客较多(55.81%),其年龄和受教育年限低于无投喂意愿的游客;(3)支持投喂的游客较多(66.11%),其受教育年限低于不支持投喂的游客,游客投喂态度与意愿之间具有明显地一致性;(4)男性、年龄小、受教育年限低、为了看藏酋猴、有投喂意愿或支持投喂的游客更容易向藏酋猴投喂食物;(5)向受访者科普给藏酋猴投喂食物的危害和风险后,其投喂态度及劝阻他人投喂的意愿发生了明显转变,支持投喂者比例从66.11%下降至19.93%,愿意劝阻他人投喂者比例从6.31%上升到35.22%。本研究旨在为自然生态类景区生态旅游管理提供参考建议,以促进人与野生动物自然和谐相处。

“国字号”旅游区空间分布格局及影响因素分析

“国字号”旅游区是我国旅游产品体系的重要支撑.以63个国家级旅游度假区、168个国家级全域旅游示范区、318个5A级风景区和5个国家公园为研究对象,运用GIS空间分析技术和数理统计方法定量分析“国字号”旅游区空间分布格局及其影响因素.结果表明:“国字号”旅游区呈不均衡集聚分布态势,中、东部地区较密集,西部地区较稀疏,形成以江浙沪在内的高密度核心区;从我国七大区来看,各个区的旅游区数量差异较大,其中华东地区数量最多;“国字号”旅游区分布呈现出典型的离散型、均匀型、集聚型特征.通过探究其空间分布影响因素,发现“国字号”旅游区分布主要受自然地理环境、旅游资源开发程度、交通条件以及国家和地方旅游政策影响.

偏远地方旅游区普通话推广研究

普通话作为通用语,具有文化性、社会性、经济性等特征。旅游区居民运用普通话与游客交流,有助于提升个人文化修养、宣传当地旅游文化、推动旅游业发展。偏远地方旅游区的推普工作尤为重要,应在增强推普理念、丰富推普方法、优化推普内容、提升推普效果等方面加大工作力度。五台县台怀镇的推普实践为偏远地方旅游区做好推普工作提供了方法借鉴。