Pollutant loads of surface runoff in Wuhan City Zoo, an urban tourist area

The pollutant loads of surface runoff in an urban tourist area have been investigated for two years in the Wuhan City Zoo, China. Eight sampling sites, including two woodlands, three animal yards, two roofs and one road, were selected for sampling and study. The results indicate that pollutants ranked in a predictable order of decreasing load （e.g. animal yard〉roof〉woodland〉road）, with animal yards acting as the key pollution source in the zoo. Pollutants were transported mainly by particulate form in runoff. Particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorous accounted on average for 61%, 78% of total pollutant, respectively, over 13 monitored rainfall events. These results indicate the treatment practices should be implemented to improve particulate nutrient removal. Analysis of the M（V） curve indicate that no first flush effect existed in the surface runoff from pervious areas （e.g. woodland, animal ground yard）, whereas a first flush effect was evident in runoff from impervious surfaces （e.g. animal cement yard, roof, road）.

Waterscapes in Tourist Area Based on “Game Theory”

Johan Huizinga’s Game Theory was applied to analyze game activities in tourism,it was found that visitors could experience the significance of games when they were participating in the games.On the basis of game theory,the author classified waterscape design models into play model,game model,and experience model,explored landscape design models based on water games,so as to provide a new concept for the design of waterscapes in tourist area.

Simulating the Saturation Threshold of a Water Environment's Response to Tourist Activities:A Case Study in the Liupan Mountain Eco-tourism Area

The effect of tourism on water environments has received a high degree of interest in the study of eco-tourism.Based on the analysis of the relationship between tourist activities and the water environment in the Liupan Mountain eco-tourism zone,the case study area,a Water Environment of Tourism Area Model(WETAM) is built to simulate the temporal and spatial changes in water quality and the response saturation thresholds under four sewage treatment scenarios.The results imply the following:(1) WETAM performs well in modeling a water environment to represent the dynamic process of water quality change in response to tourist activities.(2) Under four sewage treatment scenarios(fundamental,low,medium,and high),the threshold shows an obvious uptrend.(3) The response threshold of water quality with respect to the interference of tourist activities fluctuates seasonally due to changes in tourist density.(4) The thresholds differ significantly among five tourism functional areas.According to the response saturation threshold of the water environment,effective control based on the scale and intensity of tourist activities is important for a successful transformation of this tourism destination's development strategies.Therefore,the integrated management of water pollution in tourism areas plays a crucial role in sustainable tourism development.

Nature Conservation versus Scenic Quality:A GIS Approach towards Optimized Tourist Tracks in a Protected Area of Northwest Yunnan,China

Development of appropriate tourism infrastructure is important for protected areas that allow public access for tourism use.This is meant to avoid or minimize unfavourable impacts on natural resources through guiding tourists for proper use.In this paper,a GIS-based method,the least-cost path(LCP) modelling,is explored for planning tourist tracks in a World Heritage site in Northwest Yunnan(China),where tourism is increasing rapidly while appropriate infrastructure is almost absent.The modelling process contains three steps:1) selection of evaluation criteria(physical,biological and landscape scenic) that are relevant to track decision; 2) translation of evluation criteria into spatially explicit cost surfaces with GIS,and 3) use of Dijkstra's algorithm to determine the least-cost tracks.Four tracks that link main entrances and scenic spots of the study area are proposed after optimizing all evaluation criteria.These tracks feature lowenvironmental impacts and high landscape qualities,which represent a reasonable solution to balance tourist use and nature conservation in the study area.In addtion,the study proves that the LCP modelling can not only offer a structured framwork for track planning but also allow for different stakeholders to participate in the planning process.It therefore enhances the effectivenss of tourism planning and managemnt in protected areas.

Influence of tourist disturbance on soil properties, plant communities, and surface water quality in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang, China

The impact of tourist disturbance on the environment has become a focal issue of environmental science, ecology, and travel management studies. To assess the influence of tourist disturbance on soils and plants in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang, China, we compared soil properties and plant community characteristics at 0, 5, 10, and 20 m from the tourist trail within areas at three different altitudes, where the intensities of tourist disturbance are distinct. Surface water quality was also studied at three different levels relative to the Tianchi Lake. The results showed that tourist disturbance significantly increased soil pH within 10 m from the trail and soil bulk density on the edge of the trail, but significantly reduced soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents within 5 m from the trail. The number of tree seedlings on the edge of the trail and the shrub coverage and height of herbaceous plants within 5 m from the trail significantly decreased due to tourist disturbance. Changes in herbaceous plant diversity differed by soil zones. In the high altitude region, tourist disturbance led to a remarkable increase in the herbaceous plant diversity on the edge of the trail, while in the low altitude region, tourist disturbance had a low impact on the diversity of herbaceous plants. In addition, tourist activities polluted the surface water, significantly reducing water quality. Thus, current tourist activities have a significant negative impact on the ecological environment in the Tianchi scenic area.

The Development of the Deprived Urban and Rural Areas, Ingrained with the Tourist Attractions (with an Emphasis on the Silk Road)

Around the year 140 BC the Evo, the famous imperial Han Dynasty took power in China and then sent some representatives to the western land in order to communicate with the West in addition to know the political, military, geographical, economic and cultural situations of that region, it provides the basis for opening the way to the West. In this regard, they traveled to Iran and accordingly the formal relations were established between the Iranian and the Western governments and finally the Silk Road with a distance of about 8000 km has been emerged and started from the East and ended to Mediterranean Sea in the West. The aim of this study is to show that the Silk Road links throughout the world and its people together in thousands of years and the countries, cities and villages located in this road have been affected by developments or had affected and vivifying of it will lead to develop of the deprived urban and rural areas according to the abundant tourist attractions. This study which has used the historical and analytical method with practical purpose shows that cultural, scientific, religious and commercial exchanges between East and West were wide and many cities and villages were profiting of this gift. In this regard, vivifying of this road will lead to grow the underserved urban and rural areas according to many tourist attractions of the cities and villages.

基于机器学习的历史文化街区游客感知多维度评价研究——以西安市北院门历史文化街区为例

旅游开发是历史文化街区活化利用的重要途径。游客的认知兴趣能够如实反映历史文化街区的价值传递与文化传承效果,引导具有文化价值的旅游资源发展方向。为优化文化场所营造、提高文化服务水平,游客感知逐渐成为判断历史文化街区保护利用工作实际进展效果的重要依据。本文选取西安市北院门历史文化街区为研究对象,运用机器学习中的LDA主题模型,从更关注历史内涵与文化价值传递的视角,探讨历史文化街区游客感知的多维度评价方法。研究发现:北院门历史文化街区的游客感知总体呈现高度不均衡的特征,“民族特色美食街”的感知形象占据主导地位;游客感知维度按旅游吸引力强度依次为消费体验、地方美食、景观建筑、环境氛围、生活记忆和非遗文化,消费体验与地方美食维度高度绑定,且对其他维度的带动作用极为有限;不同游客感知维度评价差异显著,消费体验和景观建筑维度关注度较高、满意度相对较低,历史文化传递效果欠佳,非遗文化和生活记忆维度满意度较高、关注度相对较低,保护挖潜力度不足。研究结果能有效反映北院门街区对游客的历史文化传递效果,对历史文化街区实现文化传承与旅游资源利用的双重目标具有重要意义。

乡村旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力演化差异及影响机理——基于长三角核心-边缘区比较实证

基于适应性循环理论和核心-边缘理论,利用集对分析法、向量自回归、系统动力学仿真等多元集成方法,对比分析核心-边缘区乡村旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力演化机理和路径差异。研究发现:①旅游业能够推动核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力一体化均衡发展,恢复力差距呈逐渐缩小趋势。②核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力系统内部复杂交互、协同有序发展。社会、经济和生态子系统互为非线性动态因果关系,在此非线性复杂自组织力作用下子系统之间的耦合协调度呈良好发展趋势。③通过复杂系统多情景模拟,核心区乡村旅游地发展路径以协调发展型或生态保护型为主,边缘区以旅游优先型为主。④驱动核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力演化的要素系统具有差异性。在系统层面,生态系统对核心区影响程度最高,社会系统对边缘区的影响程度最高;在因素层面,生态因素是影响核心-边缘区乡村旅游地的共同要素,核心区能够通过生态修复提升生态韧性,边缘区能够利用生态优势转化为发展优势,进而均能显著提升乡村旅游地恢复力。

面向海滨旅游区的抑菌型智能公共设施设计研究

文章旨在探索海滨旅游城市中公共设施设计在户外空间所发挥的服务效能,以及其对自然景观带的潜在影响。研究首先着重分析了海滨旅游区公共设施使用者的行为特征,其次提出面向海滨旅游区的抑菌型智能公共设施设计策略,最后进行面向海滨旅游区的抑菌型智能公共设施设计实践。以期在人流聚集区不单设大面积消毒清洁设备和降低市政维护成本的情况下,有效地抑制或降低细菌的再次传播概率,向游客提供一个安全健康的公共环境,提升海滨旅游城市的服务体验。

自然公园游客投喂野生动物的意愿、态度与行为研究——以峨眉山风景名胜区为例

随着自然保护地旅游业的快速发展,投喂野生非人灵长类动物的行为在各景区屡见不鲜,然而此举会带来诸多危害。本研究采用问卷调查法于峨眉山风景名胜区对游客投喂藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)的意愿、态度与行为进行调查。结果显示:(1)景区投喂现象常见,多发生在生态猴区和雷洞坪,游客投喂的食物种类繁多;(2)有投喂意愿的游客较多(55.81%),其年龄和受教育年限低于无投喂意愿的游客;(3)支持投喂的游客较多(66.11%),其受教育年限低于不支持投喂的游客,游客投喂态度与意愿之间具有明显地一致性;(4)男性、年龄小、受教育年限低、为了看藏酋猴、有投喂意愿或支持投喂的游客更容易向藏酋猴投喂食物;(5)向受访者科普给藏酋猴投喂食物的危害和风险后,其投喂态度及劝阻他人投喂的意愿发生了明显转变,支持投喂者比例从66.11%下降至19.93%,愿意劝阻他人投喂者比例从6.31%上升到35.22%。本研究旨在为自然生态类景区生态旅游管理提供参考建议,以促进人与野生动物自然和谐相处。

“国字号”旅游区空间分布格局及影响因素分析

“国字号”旅游区是我国旅游产品体系的重要支撑.以63个国家级旅游度假区、168个国家级全域旅游示范区、318个5A级风景区和5个国家公园为研究对象,运用GIS空间分析技术和数理统计方法定量分析“国字号”旅游区空间分布格局及其影响因素.结果表明:“国字号”旅游区呈不均衡集聚分布态势,中、东部地区较密集,西部地区较稀疏,形成以江浙沪在内的高密度核心区;从我国七大区来看,各个区的旅游区数量差异较大,其中华东地区数量最多;“国字号”旅游区分布呈现出典型的离散型、均匀型、集聚型特征.通过探究其空间分布影响因素,发现“国字号”旅游区分布主要受自然地理环境、旅游资源开发程度、交通条件以及国家和地方旅游政策影响.

偏远地方旅游区普通话推广研究

普通话作为通用语,具有文化性、社会性、经济性等特征。旅游区居民运用普通话与游客交流,有助于提升个人文化修养、宣传当地旅游文化、推动旅游业发展。偏远地方旅游区的推普工作尤为重要,应在增强推普理念、丰富推普方法、优化推普内容、提升推普效果等方面加大工作力度。五台县台怀镇的推普实践为偏远地方旅游区做好推普工作提供了方法借鉴。

基于环境行为心理学的鲁东沿海旅游乡村评价

针对我国大部分乡村旅游的游客稀少、后续环境管理维护差及同质性严重等多重问题,基于在环境行为心理学的基础,结合鲁东沿海地区文化元素,采用层次分析法从环境感知、心理感知和行为感知三个方面构建鲁东沿海旅游乡村POE评价指标体系,从17个指标层对山东省五个省级以上沿海旅游示范村进行评价。评价结果揭示了各村在环境感知要素、心理感知要素和行为感知要素三个方面的优势及不足。对于不足之处提出,提升沿海乡村综合环境、关注游客心理感受和注重沿海乡村资源整合等优化策略。

构建“异托邦”:俄罗斯北极旅游空间开发的前景展望

在中俄共建冰上丝绸之路的背景下,两国区域经济合作日趋深入。本文以“异托邦”理论视角下的旅游空间开发为依托,重新审视俄罗斯北极地区的异质性,探讨其旅游空间的构建策略。同时,我国粤港澳大湾区积极对接国际市场,寻求参与北极开发利用的机会,在旅游领域同俄罗斯北极地区已开展初具规模的合作。考虑到粤港澳地区独特的优势和俄罗斯北极地区的发展需求,双方进一步加强合作具有一定的可行性基础,有望为北极旅游带来新的发展机遇。

大别山革命老区红色旅游景区可达性研究

红色旅游景区可达性是革命老区振兴发展与红色旅游教育功能发挥的重要影响因素.基于大别山革命老区229个红色旅游景区数据样本,运用GIS空间分析与数理统计方法,研判红色旅游景区可达性空间格局.结果表明:大别山革命老区红色旅游景区区域外可进入性表现为南部通畅、西北—东南两端闭塞的“南入位优、极端分化”非均衡状态,区域内服务可达性较好,对发挥红色旅游教育功能具有良好的支撑作用,景区间连通可达性已形成高品质景区为主导的“中心强两端弱、局域空间错位”的空间分异格局.

延边朝鲜族文化符号旅游纪念品设计研究

通过延边朝鲜族特色文化符号的分析和元素提炼,设计出具有延边文化内涵的旅游纪念品,与此同时改善落后的设计与制作理念,推动延边特色旅游,助力中华文化内涵的多样性发展。运用了田野调查法、文献检索法等方法研究延边朝鲜族文化旅游纪念品的存在问题和市场现状并进行深入分析。总结出目前延边朝鲜族文化旅游纪念品存在的问题,并寻求出合理的解决方法,谋求创新发展。以民族文化元素提炼为核心,文化赋能旅游纪念品设计为导向,以传承、完善、创新的设计理念创造出独具延边地域朝鲜族文化特色的旅游纪念品,不断提升延边地域文化产业的发展和民族特色文化的宣传。

粤港澳大湾区世界级旅游目的地建设的内在机制、面临问题与政策建议

中国多个地区提出了打造世界级旅游胜地的发展目标,这反映了旅游业发展的重要现实需求。广东省文化和旅游发展“十四五”规划中明确提出,将与香港和澳门合作,共同努力推动粤港澳大湾区成为世界级旅游目的地。本研究聚焦粤港澳大湾区,探讨了打造粤港澳大湾区世界级旅游目的地的问题。文章通过查阅相关资料和实地调研,归纳出粤港澳大湾区角色定位与发展模式的内在机制。分别从外部、内部、主体和周边剖析出大湾区世界级旅游目的地建设面临的四大问题:世界旅游市场不确定性因素,广东与香港、澳门的制度差异,粤港澳大湾区各项配套要素均未匹配世界级标准,以及国际国内向世界级旅游目的地争相竞发。最后,文章从塑造形象、打造精品、完善设施、优质服务、开放交流和绿色生态六个角度提出了实践创新策略。

包车旅游游客满意度影响因素研究——以青海和甘肃地区为例

包车旅游游客满意度的研究体现了旅游交通研究方向由跟团游、自驾游向新方式转变的趋势。以青海和甘肃为研究区域,包车旅游游客为研究主体,飞猪旅行网的游客评论为数据来源,基于扎根理论,经过三重编码,建立了包车旅游游客满意度影响因素的理论模型。结果表明:影响包车旅游游客满意度的主要因素有42项并可概括为5个核心范畴,以此构建出“出游准备—旅行社服务体验—司导服务体验—目的地吸引物体验—游后积极评价”5个维度组成的包车旅游游客满意度影响因素理论模型。其中,出游准备是理论模型的前提条件,旅行社服务体验、司导服务体验和目的地吸引物体验是核心影响因素,游后积极评价是满意的表现,其中重游意愿、重选意愿、推荐意愿、经验分享等会产生新的出游准备。

游客感知视角下农业文化遗产景区生态系统文化服务提升研究——以江苏兴化千垛景区为例

生态系统文化服务功能是联结人文社会与自然环境的重要方式,有利于保护生态环境、提升人类福祉。江苏兴化垛田因水而兴,具有重要的农业文化遗产价值,发挥着重要的生态系统文化服务功能,可以满足公众的精神需求,逐渐成为独具特色的水文化景观旅游景点。基于此,研究从游客感知视角提出兴化千垛景区的生态系统文化服务感知评价方法:通过获取场地社交媒体评价数据,提取评论文本中的有效信息,并与生态系统文化服务功能相关联;利用IPA分析法充分了解游客对千垛景区景观要素的感知情况,从而实现对生态系统文化服务的定量研究。

山区旅游地不同生计策略类型农户生计韧性的比较研究——以恩施州为例

[目的]探究恩施州旅游地不同生计策略类型农户生计韧性的差异,阐明旅游发展对农户生计韧性的作用与影响,为恩施州农户生计韧性的提升提出对策建议。[方法]基于Speranza的生计韧性评价体系,结合中国山区旅游地农户生计特征构建生计韧性评价指标体系,通过问卷调查收集数据,运用方差分析法比较分析不同生计策略类型农户生计韧性的差异,明确农户生计韧性与生计策略之间的关系。[结果](1)旅游参与农户的生计韧性及自组织能力、学习能力和缓冲能力都显著提高;(2)恩施州旅游地农户的旅游参与程度不高;(3)补贴依赖型农户在学习能力、自组织能力、缓冲能力3个维度中均表现最差,其中,在健康状况、生活资料、人均储蓄、抚养比率、信息获取能力、预判风险的能力指标上与其他类型农户有较大差距。[结论]旅游参与对农户生计韧性的提高具有正向影响,但参与旅游发展尚未成为恩施州旅游地农户的主要生计选择。