The Mediating Effect of Social Media on the Relationship Between Travel Preference and Tourist Behavior of Local Tourists in Davao City

This paper aims to determine the mediating effect of social media on the relationship between travel behavior and tourist preference.This paper utilized the mediation analysis design to determine whether social media significantly affects the independent and dependent variables.For the statistical tools,the proponents of the study utilized descriptive statistics,Sobel’s test,mean and standard deviation.Also,the proponents of the study utilized data from questionnaires gathered through an online google form.Most of the respondents are single females,college-level,and use Facebook most of the time.Therefore,this is the social media platform that the majority utilize.It has been revealed in the study the three sets of correlated variables:Travel behavior vs.tourist behavior,travel preference vs.social media,and social media vs.tourist behavior,have a strong positive linear relationship between the two quantitative variables.Thus,the study proponents concluded that there is an indirect effect between the travel preference and tourist behavior of local tourists in Davao City via social media.Lastly,the study’s findings reveal the fundamentals of how visitors make decisions,which are essential for enhancing the competitive advantages of cultural destinations.Significant findings from the study are beneficial to the growth of cultural tourism in Davao City.

Study on Consumer Behaviors of Tourists in Rural Areas of Liaoning Province

This study takes Liaoning Province for an example,investigates and analyzes a series of consumer decision behaviors of tourists in rural tourist sites,such as need recognition,data collection,purchase decision,summarizes law of tourists' behaviors,points out internal interaction between tourists' behaviors and demography features,proposes improvement measures for promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism.

Behavior Characteristics of Tourists and Detailed Classification of Tourist Source Market in Liuxihe National Forest Park

On the basis of questionnaires and field investigation,behavior characteristics of tourists in Liuxihe National Forest Park were analyzed,and the results showed that tourists in the study area mainly come from the Pearl River Delta for sightseeing,mostly 21-45 years old,with higher revisit rate but less residence time.And meanwhile,key tourist source markets of Liuxihe National Forest Park were classified on the basis of spatial distance features,social and economic features,and behavior characteristics of tourists,specifically,The Pearl River Delta Sightseeing Tourist Market,The Pearl River Delta Vacationing Tourist Market,The Pearl River Delta Business Tourist Market,and The Pearl River Delta Special-interest Tourist Market.Moreover,corresponding development strategies were proposed according to actual conditions of each market.

Analysis on Behavior Characteristics of Tourists under Perspective of Sustainable Development of Tourism Destinations: A Case Study of Mugecuo Scenic Area in Kangding City of Sichuan Province

Tourists are the subject of tourism activity,and it is conducive to promoting sustainable development of tourism destination by studying their behavior characteristics and tourism perception.Mugecuo Scenic Area in Kangding City,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province is taken as research case,and visitors and managers in the scenic area are surveyed by using semi-structured interview method.Based on survey data,the research aims to put forward corresponding policy suggestions for sustainable development of Mugecuo Scenic Area by deeply analyzing tourists’ access to information of scenic area,tourists’ travel purpose,tourists’ satisfaction with services of scenic area and willingness to revisit.

The Influence of Tourists＇ Attitude and Self-efficacy Belief in Adopting Responsible Behavior in Bangladesh

This research examined tourists＇ intention to adopt responsible behavior （RB）. Toward this, two constructs of determinants （attitude and self-efficacy belief） of intention to adopt RB were identified through literature surveys. Also, three constructs of RB alternatives, namely, economically RB （ECNRB）, environmentally RB （ENVRB）, and socio-culturally RB （SCLRB）, were identified through a focus group discussion. A self-administrated questionnaire was surveyed among 351 professionals in Bangladesh. Confirmatory factor analysis of both the independent and dependent variables was done prior to employing them in the structured equation model to validate the model and test the hypotheses. The research found that in Bangladesh, the self-efficacy belief influences tourists＇ intention to choose RB more than the attitude does, but their influences on tourists＇ intention to adopt ECNRB, ENVRB, or SCLRB are varied. Moreover, tourists were found to have less intention to adopt ECNRB than ENVRB and SCLRB. For the policy makers or promoters of responsible tourism （RT）, those who want to promote any kind of RB in Bangladesh need to increase self-efficacy belief among tourists. The policy makers need to develop themes around tourists＇ positive experience, emotional and physiological states along with verbal persuasion in their communication messages （Bandura, 1997） and in any kind of interpretations at the destination whilst targeting a particular market segment.

Analysis of Influencing Factors Tourists1 Purchase Decision-making Behavior in Kunming

Based on the theory of consumer behavior,this paper analyzes the current situation of tourism shopping market in Kunming,and analyzes the decision-making behavior of tourists shopping in Kunming with the questionnaire survey,and clarifies the influencing factors of the decision-making behavior of visitors to Kunming.In the future,the influencing factors of Kunming tourists'shopping decision-making behavior are combined with the current situation of Kunming's tourism shopping market.The problems of cheating-induced shopping,the high price of shopping products,the low level of tourism shopping experience and the imperfect after-sales service are analyzed.Finally,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from four aspects:rectifying the tourism shopping market,establishing a sound price supervision mechanism,strengthening the tourism shopping experience,and improving after-sales service.

A Study on the Path Mechanism of Para-social Interaction and Place Attachment on Film-Induced Tourists’Behavioral Intention

Under the influence of celebrity effect and para-social interaction,film is increasingly able to induce viewers’willingness to travel.Based on the theory of para-social interaction and the factors of place attachment,this study constructs a model of the influence mechanism of film-induced tourists’behavioral intention and puts relevant hypotheses.Taking the film A Little Red Flower as an example,the empirical test is carried out by using structural equation model(SEM).The results show that:(1)Film-induced tourists’emotional involvement has a significant positive impact on tourism behavioral involvement,but has no direct and significant impact on place dependence and place identity.(2)Film-induced tourists’behavioral involvement has a significant positive impact on place dependence and place identity.(3)Both place dependence and place identity of film-induced tourists have significant positive impact on tourism behavioral intention.Therefore,film tourism destinations should show the unique local conditions and customs according to the preference of fans and audiences,with the help of the popularity of film,so as to improve their tourism behavior intention.

Analysis of Eco-tourism Tourist Behavior and Potential Market in Taibai Mountain

This paper provided full and accurate material for Taibai Mountain eco-tourism and forecasted its potential market through investigating on the visitors of Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve and the surrounding forest parks eco-tourism tourist.By using Excel and mapping method,this study described the sample characteristics and tourist behavior.In addition,this paper also carried on descriptive statistics factorial analysis by using SPSS statistics software,analyzed the potential market according to tourists' characteristics of Taibai Mountain.The survey results showed that visitors of Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve mainly were middle-income young people,and the majority of tourists were with higher education.With the purpose of enjoying the scenery and relaxing,tourists were interested in natural ecological landscape of Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve.Tourists mainly came from Shaanxi Province and preferred to day trip,the travel route was single.There were a small number of tourists travelling for business,conference and medical treatment in Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve.According to the analysis,related countermeasures were given in this paper as the following:① Promoting activities should be focused on the big or medium cities in Shaanxi Province,such as Xi'an,Xianyang,Baoji,etc..Meanwhile,various means should be adopted to expand its influence and raise awareness around the provincial cities for attracting tourists.② Strengthening the infrastructure construction and improving comprehensive tourist reception capacity with the pursuit of the diversity of tourism resources,and create a good environment for the tourism market;③ Focusing on tourism product development;④ Protecting the ecological resources and developing ecotourism.

Study on Tourism Decision-making Pattern of European Tourists in China——With European Tourists in Xi’an City as a Study Case

With the inbound tourism market data supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China as the basis, this study through researching the tourism decision-making behaviors of inbound tourists, adopting questionnaire survey among European tourists in Xi'an City, analyzed their tourism decision behaviors and influencing factors, and aimed to propose pertinent suggestions for the expansion of European tourist market for Xi'an City.

Tourist Behaviors in Wetland Park:A Preliminary Study in Xixi National Wetland Park,Hangzhou,China

Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tourist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management.As the first national wetland park in China, Xixi National Wetland Park, located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, will give constructive instructions to the construction and management of other wetland parks and ecotourism resorts.This paper analyzed the tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park.By the observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire, the results show that tourists in wetland parks are different from those in the other common destinations, and they are also different from those strict eco-tourists.In fact, the tourists in wetland park have unique characteristics, such as the intense perception to the functions of wetland ecosystem and the environment impact behaviors.Those tourists are preferred to natural landscapes in their motivations and expectations.Wetland landscapes are the main image to those tourists in the Xixi National Wetland Park.Tourist expectation, experience and satisfaction are all critical factors for the success of the planning and management in national wetland parks.Based on the results, some measures for the sustainable development of wetland parks, including to optimize wetland theme landscape and tourism products, to improve tourist facilities and services, to enhance quality of visitor experiences, and to implement total quality management based on tourist characteristics, are given to national wetland park ecotourism.

The Impact of the Cognition of Landscape Experience on Tourist Environmental Conservation Behaviors

This article explores the relationship between the tourist's cognition of the landscape experience and the environmental conservation efforts at three distinct tourist sites in mountains of southwestern China. A total of 1500 on-site questionnaire surveys were distributed and 1142 valid questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. Results from multi-group path analysis showed that both cognition of the cultural landscape experience and cognition of the natural landscape experience had positive impacts on environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions of tourists. Results from comparative analysis among the three tourist sites indicated that cognition of the cultural landscape experience had a stronger power to predict senior environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions than cognition of the natural landscape experience, whereas cognition of the natural landscape experience had more power to predict general environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions than cognition of the cultural landscape experience. Furthermore, our findings benefit environmental management and sustainabilityat tourist sites.

Travel Motivation of Domestic Tourists to the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve in Northeastern China: A Comparative Study

This article seeks to develop a fuller understanding of the social and attraction motives of domestic tourists who visit the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve(CMBR) in Northeastern China. To do so, ecotourists are compared to general travelers visiting this area. A questionnaire was employed to collect data on visitor characteristics and motivations, responses to which were then analyzed via descriptive statistics, T-tests and principal component factor analysis. Results showed that 16% of the visitors to this area were classified as ecotourists, while the remainder general travelers. Five motivations displayed significant differences(P<0.05) between these two types of tourists. Three social motives – boosting self-confidence, feeling at home away from home and being together with family – and two attraction motives – indoor sports and viewing unique landscapes of the CMBR(crater lake, waterfall, gorge and hot spring) – were significantly more important for general travelers(P<0.05); while two social motives of experiencing the tranquility of the natural setting and the natural beauty of the landscape were relatively more important for ecotourists(P<0.1). Results suggest that ecotourists have distinct and complicated attraction and social motives compared to general travelers visiting the CMBR. Results have useful implications for researchers interested in tourist motivations and behavior, as well as for managers who wish to focus their marketing strategies more effectively. National Park of South Africa. Uysal et al.(1994) assessed the travel motives of Australian tourists to U.S. national parks and nature areas and formed five groupings including ‘relaxation/hobbies', ‘novelty', ‘enhancement of kinship relationship', ‘escape', and ‘prestige'. Tao et al.(2004) analyzed motivations of Asian tourists travelling to Taiwan's Taroko National Park using a self-defined approach and found that the most significant benefits sought by self-defined ecotourists are ‘learning about nature' and ‘participating in recreation activities'. Beh and Bruyere(2007) analyzed visitor motivations in three Kenyan national reserves, identifying the three most prominent kinds of tourists as escapers, learners and spiritualists. Pan and Ryan(2007) used factor analysis to reveal five motivational dimensions –‘relaxation', ‘social needs', ‘a sense of belonging', ‘mastery skills', and ‘intellectual needs' – of visitors to the Pirongia Forest Park in New Zealand. Kruger and Saayman(2010) did a comparative study on travel motivations of tourists to Kruger and Tsitsikamma National Parks in South Africa and found that common motives of tourists were ‘escape and relaxation' as well as ‘knowledge seeking', ‘nostalgia' and ‘park attributes'. Despite these efforts, on an overall basis past literature on why visitors travel to national parks and nature areas is still rather limited. In China, a number of empirical studies on tourist motivations have been conducted since the early 1990s(Chen and Miao 2006; Dong 2011; Huang et al. 2011; Jeffrey and Xie 1994; Lu 1997; Ma et al. 2013; Zhang 2012). Some studies have focused on motivations of visitors to nature reserves(Li 2007), geological parks(Chen and Qiao 2010), world heritage sites(Su et al. 2005), and seismic memorial sites(Tang 2014). However, most previous research findings on tourist motivations are not comparable, reflecting the fact that visitors to different parks have quite different motives due to the attributes of particular destinations, the geographic locations of these parks, types of available activities, marketing strategies, and the complexity of travel motives(Chen and Qiao 2010; Pan and Ryan 2007). While it is true that certain motivations were shared in varying degrees by most tourists to these places – i.e., ‘appreciating natural landscapes', ‘family and education', ‘social needs', and ‘perceived prestige of visit' – most previous research has not focused on natural settings as destinations. Thus travel motivations of tourists to these areas must be further explored and clarified in relation to impacts on particular natural areas and patterns of market segmentation. As one of the earliest and largest natural reserves established in China, the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve(CMBR) has long been a draw not only for domestic tourists but also for international visitors, and tourism to the area has been growing steadily since 1980. With the number of visitors to the reserve having climbed to 2.44 million in 2010(Statistical Communiqué of the Changbai Mountain Protection and Development Zone of Jilin Province 2011), it has become imperative for local government officials and reserve wardens to understand tourists' desires and interests when identifying tourism development opportunities. However, the existing literature still suffers from a lack of empirical studies that investigate why people travel to the CMBR and whether tourist motives differ between groups such as ecotourists and general travelers. The target population for this study consists of domestic visitors to the CMBR. The goals of this research include:(1) to identify the social and attraction motives of domestic tourists that influence decisions to visit the CMBR;(2) to explore whether there are any differences between the motivations of these two types of tourists; and(3) to provide some useful management implications for local government and tourism marketers.

Linked Data Based Framework for Tourism Decision Support System: Case Study of Chinese Tourists in Switzerland

Switzerland is one of the most desirable European destinations for Chinese tourists;therefore, a better understanding of Chinese tourists is essential for successful business practices. In China, the largest and leading social media platform—Sina Weibo, a hybrid of Twitter and Facebook—has more than 600 million users. Weibo’s great market penetration suggests that tourism operators and markets need to understand how to build effective and sustainable communications on Chinese social media platforms. In order to offer a better decision support platform to tourism destination managers as well as Chinese tourists, we proposed a framework using linked data on Sina Weibo. Linked Data is a term referring to using the Internet to connect related data. We will show how it can be used and how ontology can be designed to include the users’ context (e.g., GPS locations). Our framework will provide a good theoretical foundation for further understand Chinese tourists’ expectation, experiences, behaviors and new trends in Switzerland.

Tourist behavior patterns in the ecotourism destination in the west of China: A case study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

This study takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the place of case study and tourists as research objects. From the perspectives of geographical distribution of source tourist markets, Tourist activity behavioral and spatial patterns of Tourists, this study looks into the geographical structure of the source tourists and spatial patterns by geography. The analysis of 341 questionnaires on tourists shows that:(1) The tourism cycle of Gannan is in the development phase, competing with adjacent Aba, and greatly impacted by the substitution effect and shadow effect of Aba.(2) The spatial distribution of tourist sources is concentrated, indicating that Gannan is a regional tourism destination. The temporal distance of tourists is mainly concentrated within the 6-hour traffi c circle.(3) Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has already become the composite tourist destination dominated by leisure vacation. The minority folkcustom and special landscape are the most attractive tourism resources. Due to the impact of man-land harmonious lifestyle in the tourist areas, the environmental attitude of tourists is improved, and the transportation and shopping are the most vulnerable links in tourism service in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.(4) The spatial behavior of tourists in Gannan is mainly of single-destination style(52%), Transit leg and circle tour style(7%) as well as circle tour style(41%). The spatial distribution of tourist fl ow in Gannan shows a signifi cant feature "more in the north, less in the south and dependent on National Road". Tourism resources, transport facilities, regional competition and lack of route connecting different ecological units are important causes of the spatial distribution of self-help tourists.

Hotshots of Spatio-temporal Behavior of Chinese Residents in the Context of Big Data:Visual Analysis Based on CiteSpace

By using CiteSpace software to create a knowledge map of authors,institutions and keywords,the literature on the spatio-temporal behavior of Chinese residents based on big data in the architectural planning discipline published in the China Academic Network Publishing Database(CNKI)was analyzed and discussed.It is found that there was a lack of communication and cooperation among research institutions and scholars;the research hotspots involved four main areas,including“application in tourism research”,“application in traffic travel research”,“application in work-housing relationship research”,and“application in personal family life research”.

Extension of Goal-Directed Behavior Model for Post-Pandemic Korean Travel Intentions to Alternative Local Destinations: Perceived Risk and Knowledge

Since the outbreak of COVID-19,tourists have been increasingly concerned over various risks of international travel,while knowledge of the pandemic appears to vary significantly.In addition,as travel restrictions continue to impact adversely on international tourism,tourism efforts should be placed more on the domestic markets.Via structural equation modeling,this study unearthed different risk factors impacting Korean travelers’choices of alternative local destinations in the post-pandemic era.In addition,this study extended the goal-directed behavior framework with the acquisition of perceived risk and knowledge of COVID-19,which was proven to hold a sig-nificantly superior explanatory power of tourists’decisions of local alternatives over foreign countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.Furthermore,desire was found to play an imminent mediating role in the conceptual mod-el,maximizing the impact of perceived risk on travel intentions.Henceforth,this research offers meaningful the-oretical implication as thefirst empirical study to deepen the goal-directed behaviour framework with perceived risk and knowledge in the context of post-COVID-19 era.It also serves as insightful knowledge for Korean tour-ism authorities and practitioners to understand local tourists’decision-making processes and tailor effective recovery strategy for domestic tourism.

露营旅游者行为意向的影响因素及组态路径——基于模糊集定性比较分析

在露营旅游行业多元化发展、行业竞争愈加激烈的背景下,了解和关注露营旅游者行为意向成为行业竞争的制胜法宝。已有旅游者行为意向影响因素的相关研究普遍采用线性的定量方法,缺乏对其复杂性进行深入探讨。文章结合组态理论和SOR理论构建了露营旅游者行为意向的影响机制模型,采用线上线下相结合的方法进行问卷数据调研,利用fsQCA法对行为意向的影响因素进行了组态分析。研究结果显示:地方依恋、服务质量、感知价值是影响露营旅游者行为意向的主要因素;露营旅游者高行为意向与非高行为意向产生机制存在不对称因果关系;露营旅游者行为意向的形成具有复杂性,是多种因素联动作用的结果。文章为露营旅游业界提供了针对性的管理建议,帮助其提升旅游者行为意向,同时为其他研究者提供了一种整体分析旅游者行为复杂关系的新视角。通过深入探索露营旅游者行为意向的影响因素及组态路径,文章有助于推动露营旅游行业的持续发展与创新。

Tourism demand forecasting and tourists’search behavior:evidence from segmented Baidu search volume

Given the importance of web search volume for reflecting tourists'preferences for certain tourism services and destinations,incorporating these data into forecasting models can significantly improve forecasting performance.This study enriches the literature on tourism demand forecasting and tourists'search behavior through segmented Baidu search volume data.First,this study divides Baidu search volume data based on volume sources and periods.Then,by analyzing the most relevant keywords in tourism demand in different segments,this study captures the dynamic characteristics of tourist search behavior.Finally,this study adopts a series of econometric and machine learning models to further improve the performance of tourism demand and forecasting.The findings indicate that tourists’search behavior has changed significantly with the prevalence and popularization of 4G technology and suggest that search volume improves forecasting performance,especially search volume on mobile terminals,from 2014M1–2019M12.

物理环境介入下游览路径空间品质对游客行为影响探讨——以合肥市三河古镇为例

探析人本尺度下古镇游览路径多维空间品质和物理环境对游客行为的综合影响机制,以三河古镇为例,利用卷积神经网络、Open CV、sDNA量化路径空间品质;通过实地测量、空间插值获取物理环境数据;实时录像获取游客行为。构建分层回归模型对多维空间品质、物理环境与游客行为进行解释,总结各因子作用程度和作用方式。研究表明:夏季游客四类行为均受到多维空间品质和物理环境的直接或间接影响;观赏、休憩和购物行为主要受多维空间品质影响,步行行为主要受物理环境影响。为古镇街道空间场景优化提供依据,推动特色小镇中古镇旅游产业健康发展。