A Preliminary Study on the Rational Utilization of Land Resources in the Poverty-Stricken Mountainous Areas in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River:A Case Study of Xueshan Township

As one of the most fragile alpine plateau and canyon areas in China,the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are the key areas of ecological construction in China.It is also a key area for poverty alleviation in the country.Therefore,it is necessary to take into account the dual goals of poverty reduction and ecological environment construction,and explore a win-win road of ecological construction and poverty alleviation in line with the reality of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,which is located in the poor mountainous area of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,based on many field investigations and existing investigation and statistical data,this paper analyzes the current situation and main problems of land use in Xueshan Township,and then puts forward measures and suggestions for rational utilization of land resources in Xueshan Township.This can provide a necessary reference for the next implementation of rural revitalization strategy and ecological construction.

Analysis of the Land Use Structure in Alpine Valley Area of Jinsha River:Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan County,Yunnan Province as an Example

Oriented by ecological,production and living functions of land,this paper analyzes the status of land use in Xueshan Township,Luquan County,Yunnan Province using the method of assignment.The land is classified into general production land,production and ecological land,general living land,living and production land,living and ecological land,general ecological land and ecological and production land.The result is compared with the classification system of the second national land survey.In theory,the classification system of ecological land,living land and production land is constructed.Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan County,a typical alpine valley area of Jinsha River as an example,based on the survey data on the changes of land use in Xueshan Township in Luquan County in 2016,this paper analyzes the distribution of ecological land,living land and production land in Xueshan Township.The results show that in Xueshan Township,ecological land(including general ecological land and ecological and production land)has the largest proportion(54.84%)in area,followed by production land(including general production land and production and ecological land)(44.41%),and living land(including general living land and living and production land)has the lowest proportion(only 0.75%).In overall,the distribution of production land and ecological land in Xueshan Township is not reasonable enough.For example,the proportion of dry land with a slope bigger than 15°and serious oil erosion in the township is currently 79.23%,among which,the dry land with a slope bigger than 25°and particularly serious soil erosion accounts for 52.88%.Therefore,it is necessary to gradually take measures to convert cultivated land into forests and further optimize the structure and spatial configuration of ecological land,living land and production land.

基于“三生用地”的四川丘陵区乡村生态系统服务价值及其供需格局评估

科学评估乡镇尺度生态系统服务价值(ESV)是乡村生态系统生产总值(GEP)定量核算以及镇域国土空间规划的重要前提。以四川丘陵区215个典型乡镇为研究对象,基于乡村生产-生活-生态用地(“三生用地”)分类系统和单位面积价值当量因子法,定量评估了乡镇尺度生态系统服务价值的空间分布及供需格局特征,并引入和弦图清晰表达了生态系统服务之间的权衡与协同关系。研究结果表明:(1)研究区乡村ESV空间分布存在明显的空间异质性和聚集特征,总体上南部和西南部丘陵区ESV高于北部和中部,中部地区ESV最低同时,ESV热点主要集中于西部和南部,冷点主要分布于中部和东北。(2)2015年,研究区ESV为62705元·hm^(-2),以调节服务为主(75.69%),其次为食物生产(9.07%)和生境服务(6.45%)。以农业生产用地为主导的乡村“三生用地”格局很大程度上导致了四川丘陵区ESV偏低,提升生态用地的数量与质量是改善区域生态系统服务的关键。对ESV的贡献率较高的“三生用地”类型为:乔木林地(41.25%)、河流湿地(22.95%)、水田(15.08%)、旱地(12.13)。(3)生态系统供给服务与其他三类服务均存在权衡关系,而调节、文化和生境服务之间为协同关系。随着人类对食物与水资源获取能力的增强,可能导致研究区大部分生态系统服务的下降。(4)研究区生态系统服务供需失衡较为明显,供需模式以L-H(39.98%)和H-L(35.92%)为主,呈现两极分化的趋势。同时,H-H模式“三生用地”结构合理,经济生态效益协调,是乡镇尺度可持续发展的代表模板。本文研究结果可为四川盆地乡村振兴空间布局优化以及长江上游生态环境保护提供科学依据。

欠发达地区乡镇级国土空间规划逻辑导向分析——以南宁市江南区延安镇为例

结合南宁市江南区延安镇国土空间总体规划编制经验,分析欠发达地区乡镇级国土空间规划逻辑导向。研究发现,以资源环境底线管控为基础,以补齐基础设施和公共服务设施短板,统筹城乡建设布局为依托,以乡村振兴、优势资源开发利用和整体协调为发展目标,构建宜居宜业特色农业小城镇为结果的规划逻辑导向,可以有效解决欠发达地区国土空间开发、社会经济发展和资源环境利用保护的多维矛盾。

高寒生态脆弱区农牧民生活垃圾集中处理激励机制与政策模拟——以藏北牧区为例

高寒生态脆弱区环境本底敏感而脆弱,生活垃圾不当处理极易加剧生态系统退化风险,揭示区内农牧民生活垃圾集中处理的多主体互动机制及政策激励效果对落实生活垃圾治理、降低生态风险和提升人居品质具有重要意义。基于藏北牧区的案例,考虑高寒生态脆弱区的气候高寒、牧民定居点分散等现实约束,构建村镇基层政府和农牧民的演化博弈模型,探究区内农牧民生活垃圾处理的激励机制。结果显示:①农牧民参与是提高高寒生态脆弱区生活垃圾集中处理效率的关键,村镇基层政府的奖惩措施能够显著激励农牧民参与生活垃圾集中处理,奖惩机制中惩罚的约束作用更为显著。②村镇基层政府的宣传和设施建设措施能够显著促进农牧民参与生活垃圾集中处理,设施配置对农牧民参与行为影响的敏感度明显大于宣传教育,完善设施建设是促进生活垃圾集中处理的关键措施。③优化高寒生态脆弱区农牧民生活垃圾集中处理制度的政策导向:立足高寒生态脆弱区气候高寒、牧民定居点分散及产污特性,优化生活垃圾集中处理设施的规划建设和运行管理、加强村镇基层政府参与治理的检查评估和行政管理、完善农牧民参与治理的激励约束机制。

《才溪乡调查》的历史成因、基本经验及其时代启示

土地革命战争时期,在中央革命根据地遭受国民党军事“围剿”和多重封锁、“左”倾教条主义在我党内盛行的严峻形势下,加强苏维埃政权建设、坚持革命斗争、摆脱被动局面成为党和红军的迫切需要。时任苏维埃中央主席的毛泽东同志有着强烈的主体自觉,他深入苏区“模范乡”——福建省龙岩市上杭县才溪乡开展调查研究,撰写了《才溪乡调查》。《才溪乡调查》总结了符合历史环境的乡苏维埃建设经验和革命斗争理念,有效指导了当时的经济建设和革命斗争,也凝练了科学的调查研究方法。新时代,《才溪乡调查》为中国共产党人大兴调查研究树立了坚持实事求是、人民至上、问题导向和系统观念的行动标杆。

西藏芒康县纳西-曲孜卡乡重点调查区地质灾害风险调查评价

本文在1/5万地质灾害风险调查评价工作基础上,对纳西-曲孜卡乡沿线地质灾害的发育特征、稳定性和危害性等进行总结,实现了本区地质灾害的风险性评估,评价结果对制定地方发展规划具有指导意义。

粤北地区乡镇集中式饮用水水源保护区划分方案优化方法分析——以韶关市乡镇水源地“划、立、治”工作实践为例

饮用水安全与人民群众的生活健康密切相关,集中式饮用水水源保护区的划定是保证水质安全的重要措施。本文以韶关市乡镇水源地“划、立、治”工作实践为例,分析粤北地区乡镇集中式饮用水水源保护区划分方案的优化方法。其间充分调研韶关市乡镇饮用水水源地现状,分析水源保护区划分技术路线,探讨划分方案优化方法,并提出划定后的建设管理建议,为后续乡镇饮用水水源保护提供科学依据。

Three Types of Spatial Function Zoning in Key Ecological Function Areas Based on Ecological and Economic Coordinated Development: A Case Study of Tacheng Basin, China

Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development.For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divided scientifically to clear its direction of development and protection. Therefore, based on ecological constraints, a beneficial discussion would be about the key ecological function areas adopting the concept of ecological protection restriction and supporting socioeconomic development for spatial function zoning. In this paper, the researchers, taking Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang of China as an example, choose township as basic research unit and set up an evaluation index system from three aspects, namely, ecological protection suitability, agricultural production suitability, and urban development suitability, which are analyzed by using spatial analysis functions and exclusive matrix method. The results showed that: 1) This paper formed a set of multilevel evaluation index systems for three types of spatial function zoning of the key ecological function areas based on a novel perspective by scientifically dividing Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space,which realized the integration and scientific orientation for spatial function at the township scale. 2) Under the guidance of three types of spatial pattern, the functional orientation and suggestions of development and protection was clearly defined for ecological protection zones,ecological economic zones, agricultural production zones, and urban development zones. 3) A new idea of space governance is provided to promote the coordinated and sustainable development between ecology and economy, which can break the traditional mode of thinking about regional economic development, and offers a scientific basis and reference for macro decision-making.

Distributional characteristics and sources of elements in soil from typical area of Pearl River Delta economic zone, Guangdong Province, China

Dongguan City, located in the Pearl River Delta economic zone of China, is famous for its rapid developing township-enterprises in the past 30 years. A total of 759 composite soil samples, including 606 surface soil samples and 153 deep soil samples, have been collected in the city. These samples have been analyzed for 13elements(Al, As, Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si,and Zn) and other parameters(p H values and organic matter) to evaluate the influence of anthropic activities on the soil environmental quality and to identify the spatial distribution of heavy metals and their possible sources. The results indicate that the average concentrations of heavy metals in soil were significantly lower than the threshold of the second grade of the Soil Environment Quality Standard in China(GB15618-1995) and the soil environmental quality in this area is comparatively good. But in comparison with local soil geochemical baseline values, As,Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn have accumulated remarkably.Specifically, the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Hg in the small part samples of the west plain and central areas are higher than the national second-grade quality standard, indicating some level of contamination. Multivariate and geostatistical methods have been applied to differentiate the influences of natural processes and human activities on the concentration of heavy metals in surface soils in the study area. Cluster and factor analyses result in the grouping of Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Si into factor F1; Co, Mn, Pb, and Zn into F2; and Cd and Hg into F3.The spatial pattern of the three factors may be well demonstrated by geostatistical analysis. It is shown that the first factor could be considered as a natural source controlled by parent material. The second factor could be referred to as ‘‘industrial and traffic pollution sources' '. The source of the third factor is mainly controlled by long-term anthropic activities, including agricultural activities, fossil fuel consumption, and atmospheric deposition.

苏南水网地区景观格局演变分析及其驱动因素探究——以七都镇为例

景观格局指数是反映景观结构与空间特征的量化指标,通过景观特征的指数化来描述景观格局现状。选取苏州市吴江区七都镇2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据,借助ArcGIS、FRAGSTATS、SPSS等软件,对其景观格局演变特征进行分析比较,并对该地区景观格局演变的驱动因素进行探究。结果表明,1)通过土地利用转移矩阵发现,耕地和林地面积呈减少趋势,分别减少了872.28 km^(2)(-13.85%)和7.92 km^(2)(-15.94%),部分耕地和林地转化为了建设用地,相应的建设用地面积占比由10.35%提升至19.45%,农用地被侵占的现象显著。2)通过景观格局演变分析发现,水域、草地以及林地破碎化程度增强、边界被割裂的程度加剧,景观复杂程度增加;建设用地破碎化程度有所减弱,空间分布上趋向集中,斑块类型复杂程度下降,边界变得更加简单和规则。2000-2020年,七都镇景观多样性增强,景观整体向着均衡化发展。3)通过驱动力分析发现,城镇建设经济发展以及产业结构调整等因素累积贡献率达到96.74%,是导致七都镇景观格局变化的主要因素。

Effects of the Development of Township Enterprises on the Urban-Rural Dual Economic Structure Based on Cointegration Theory

The gross output value of township enterprises(XGDP)is used as a variable of township enterprises development.And CXEY is a variable of urban-rural dual economic structure.According to the 1986-2006 Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Township Enterprises and the 2006 China Statistical Yearbook,effects of the development of township enterprises on the urban-rural dual economic structure are studied by the cointegration analysis.Result shows that without considering other influencing factors,township enterprise development in the years 1979-2005 is the key factor to improve the dual economic structure in urban and rural areas in China.

海湾都市圈格局下的天津市乡镇国土空间规划探索

海湾都市圈是环抱海湾区域空间的具有强大协同能力的城镇体系,具有开放的产业经济结构、高效的资源配置能力、强大的极化扩散功能和发达的空间协同网络,适宜孕育多极的城镇网络。海湾都市圈格局下,由空间网络“基本面”转向“发展点”、地域功能“疏解地”转向“承载地”、要素流动“输出方”转向“对流者”成为乡镇地区的发展特征。本文分析其发展动力与路径,提出“空间网络—地域分工—城乡融合”3个维度的规划逻辑。并通过回顾改革开放以来,天津市乡镇地区政策演进、格局变迁、规划迭代的特征,总结了天津市乡镇地区空间规划的发展阶段与管控特征。在此基础上,深入探究网络格局构建、地域分工推进、要素协同配置3个方面的乡镇国土空间规划优化策略。旨在为海湾都市圈格局下乡镇空间治理和规划提供创新思路与经验参考,以推进城乡融合与区域协同发展。

基于LCZ理论的上海传统水乡村镇气温分布特征——以上海新场古镇风貌保护区为例

以局地气候分区理论为依据,采用现场气温观测方式,对上海新场古镇温度分布特征进行研究,探究传统聚落形态与温度分布的影响关系。结果表明:水体在日间对周边热环境降温作用明显,但该处在夜间容易形成热岛效应;树荫、构筑物的遮挡作用具有明显的降温效果;实测结果表明传统滨水步道、冷巷、廊棚等公共空间对夏季过热环境的缓解具有积极作用。研究结果可为城市微型空间热环境的调节优化,创造低碳舒适的人居活动环境提供参考。

巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的广东模式

广东为实现巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接,在全省实行驻镇帮镇扶村工作,即派驻由多个单位组团的工作队集中力量对所驻镇进行帮扶。通过对广东民族地区的实地调研发现,驻镇帮镇扶村工作在民族地区取得了阶段性成效,但同时也存在若干有待改进完善的问题。民族地区要结合民族与区域因素,从健全完善帮扶机制、突破行政区域统筹发展、培育乡村本土人才、引进外部资源、对接外部市场、铸牢中华民族共同体意识等方面扎实做好驻镇帮镇扶村工作。

基于电压时空聚合曲线的乡镇配电台区户变关系识别方法

户变关系是指用户电表与配电变压器之间的连接关系,是智能微电网的数据基础。乡镇配电台区供电半径大,受台区分布式能源并网影响,用户电表的电压变化规律与配电台区内多个电源电压变化相关,严重影响了电压相关性户变识别的准确率。因此,考虑分布式能源并网、电源到用户电表低压线路长度的影响因素,采用电压时空聚合方法计算用户电表理论电压波动曲线,并将其与用户电表的真实电压波动曲线进行比较,从而准确识别户变关系。所提方法在中国某地区乡镇示范配电台区进行了验证,户变关系识别准确率为99.8%。结果表明,所提方法较自适应分段聚合近似、关联卷积、密度拓扑聚类等主流的户变关系识别方法具有更好的识别效果。

复合理念下的“小流域-乡镇”单元协同机制及融合路径

在我国典型的流域化地区,以小流域和乡镇区划为主的基层治理单元相互割裂,引发了“三生”空间治理失效、布局失衡、结构失调问题。基于复合理念,提出统筹自然、经济、社会复合巨系统全域全要素的“单元叠合、空间聚合、要素联合”协同治理思路。以陕南低山丘陵区为例,在量化分析小流域与乡镇单元现状协同关系的基础上,识别出两大类8小类空间模式,并提出区域层面自上而下和要素层面自下而上相结合的单元融合路径,形成乡镇级国土空间规划和全域土地综合整治的基本空间治理单元。

基于足迹成分法的独龙江乡生态旅游可持续发展研究

基于独龙江乡生态旅游调查数据及统计数据,运用生态足迹成分法从旅游生态足迹、旅游生态承载力、生态压力指数三个维度对独龙江乡生态旅游可持续发展演变态势进行研究。结果表明:2015—2019年,独龙江乡的旅游生态足迹从454.7689 hm^(2)增长到1214.5442 hm^(2),共增长了1.67倍,人均旅游生态足迹均值为0.0168 hm^(2)/人次,旅游交通成为影响独龙江乡生态旅游可持续发展的首要因素;旅游生态承载力(127780.79 hm^(2))>旅游生态足迹,当前生态旅游处于可持续状态;人均生态承载力、人均生态盈余有逐年缩小态势;生态压力指数历年都小于0.5,该地生态系统处于很安全状态。2020年因受疫情、自然灾害等外部因素影响,发生了较往年不同的反常变动。因此,应从调整旅游要素结构、培植生态旅游产业体系、深度开发生态旅游体验项目等方面促进独龙江乡生态旅游的可持续发展。

和美乡村生态审美文化研究——艺术乡建赋能民族地区乡村振兴研究系列论文之三

民族地区传统生态审美文化历经千百年生产生活实践而拓展到文化艺术等领域,与中国古代宇宙观的传统生态智慧相吻合,与现阶段“生态文明”“可持续发展观”“命运共同体”等观念呼应,为生态文明理念的实现提供了坚实的文化基础。和美乡村生态审美文化,以“和”为理念贯穿始终,是中国式现代化进程中乡村建设的价值追求。对现代乡村生态审美文化进行塑形与铸魂,是一个体现“真、善、美、宜、益”审美规律的人类生存文化模式。生态审美文化为艺术赋能宜居宜业和美乡村建设提供了生态审美的尺度和导向。艺术乡建是艺术赋能乡村振兴的美生形态,经由艺术赋能与组织创新,建设人与人、人与自然和谐相处、共生共荣的和美乡村。

基于空间冲突分析的丘陵区乡镇域建设用地适宜性评价——以连城县林坊镇为例

丘陵区乡镇受山地地形制限,形成的既有乡镇域建设用地多呈散布状态且存在各种与地形、生态环境的空间冲突问题。因此,有必要从国土空间规划背景下对乡镇域既有建设用地适宜性进行分析评价,为探索乡镇域建设用地集约调整和空间优化路径提供评价方法。研究以福建省龙岩市连城县林坊镇为例,从地形地貌、自然生态、社会人文三大类构建指标体系,采用层次分析法和多因子加权评价模型,开展乡镇域既有建设用地适宜性评价研究,并基于适宜性评价结果识别冲突空间,评估建设用地布局合理性。