Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil ...Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.展开更多
The luminous intensity of dark variant (S1) separated from photobacterium phosph oreum (A2) was 1/10 000 less than that of wild type. Ethidium bromide (EB) (0.6 mg/L), Mytomycin C (MC, 0.05 mg/L), 2 amino fluorene ...The luminous intensity of dark variant (S1) separated from photobacterium phosph oreum (A2) was 1/10 000 less than that of wild type. Ethidium bromide (EB) (0.6 mg/L), Mytomycin C (MC, 0.05 mg/L), 2 amino fluorene (2 AF, 1.0 mg/L) all cou ld strongly induce reversion mutation for S1 within 24 h and increase reversion ratio significantly. The results of experiments indicated that these revertants had stable genetic characteristic and the mutation may take place at gene levels . The mutagenesis to S1 caused by EB, MC and 2 AF was detected and it may be us ed as a new rapid, simple and sensitive method for gene toxicant monitoring.展开更多
The purified terephthalic acid (PTA) petrochemical wastewater molecular toxicity detected by use of Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 GeneChip was conducted in this research. The toxic dose to male mice was 0.03 g/(kg, d) of ...The purified terephthalic acid (PTA) petrochemical wastewater molecular toxicity detected by use of Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 GeneChip was conducted in this research. The toxic dose to male mice was 0.03 g/(kg, d) of PTA in the wastewater. The mice liver total RNA was isolated as the temple for synthesis of eDNA and then the cDNA as the temple for synthesis of cRNA. Hybridizing the cRNA with the target genes on the gene chip, there were 232 genes expression levels up-regulated and 74 genes down-regulated discovered obviously. The foremost 40 genes for both the highest and the lowest expression levels involved endogenetic steroid and hormone metabolism, immune system, the leukocyte activity and inflammation, detoxification in liver, reproduction and growth hormone, regulation immune factors of anti-tumor and anti-infection and cancer to the mice sampled. The data suggest the PTA wastewater contained over 5 aromatics and their toxicities integrated were much higher than the pure chemical PTA. And the pure chemical PTA toxicities data cannot be used to evaluate the toxicity of the PTA wastewater instead.展开更多
Introducing PCR products into plasmids vectors is key for molecular techniques. Ideally cloning vectors are easy to construct, modify and propagate, neither require advanced techniques nor special equipment or reagent...Introducing PCR products into plasmids vectors is key for molecular techniques. Ideally cloning vectors are easy to construct, modify and propagate, neither require advanced techniques nor special equipment or reagents and efficiently incorporate PCR products at close to zero empty vector background. We provide an easy to engineer self-made cloning vector, neither requiring sophisticated tools or techniques nor advanced cloning knowledge. Through recombination we obtained the pUC18ccdB vector, carrying the ccdB suicide gene within the pUC18 backbone. When SmaI cleaved (within the ccdB) vector was T4 ligated with small (0.2 kbp) and intermediate (1.3 to 2.2 kbp) blunt end PCR-products and transformed into E. coli, the amount of clones with incorporated PCR product was comparable to commercial PCR-cloning kits and at a close to zero PCR product negative background. In conclusion we present a simple, versatile and cheap approach to an efficient “home made” PCR-cloning vector that allows integration of crude blunt end PCR products at close to zero background.展开更多
Heavy metals such nickel (Ni) can cause toxicity by 1) displacing essential components in the biomolecules, 2) blocking the functional group of molecules, or 3) modifying enzymes, proteins, the plasma membrane, and me...Heavy metals such nickel (Ni) can cause toxicity by 1) displacing essential components in the biomolecules, 2) blocking the functional group of molecules, or 3) modifying enzymes, proteins, the plasma membrane, and membrane transporters. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of nickel (Ni) on gene expression of nitrate on gene expression with a focus on the genes coding for the high affinity Ni transporter family protein </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AT</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">G</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16800, and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NRAMP</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Ni toxicity was assessed by treating seedlings with an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate salt [Ni(NO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">] at the concentrations of 150 mg, 800 mg, and 1600 mg of nickel per 1 kg of dry soil. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AT</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">G</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16800, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NRAMP</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> genes in samples treated with nickel nitrates and controls. The results revealed that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P.</span></i> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">glauca</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is resistant to Ni based on lack of plant damage at all nickel concentrations. Ni has no effect on the expression of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AT</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">G</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16800 gene in needles or roots. However, it induced an upregulation of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NRAMP</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> genes in roots at all the doses tested (150 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1600 mg/kg). On the other hand, Ni has no effect on the expression of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NRAMP</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gene in needle but the lowest dose of potassium (150 mg/kg) upregulated this gene in needle tissues.展开更多
为了解北疆某规模化奶牛场临床型乳房炎源粪肠球菌的耐药与毒力情况,采集了47份临床型乳房炎乳样进行细菌分离,通过生化鉴定及16S rRNA对粪肠球菌进行鉴定,进行了药敏试验及33种耐药基因检测,了解其耐药情况;通过小鼠LD50、病变观察及6...为了解北疆某规模化奶牛场临床型乳房炎源粪肠球菌的耐药与毒力情况,采集了47份临床型乳房炎乳样进行细菌分离,通过生化鉴定及16S rRNA对粪肠球菌进行鉴定,进行了药敏试验及33种耐药基因检测,了解其耐药情况;通过小鼠LD50、病变观察及6种毒力基因检测,了解其致病性。分离鉴定出了1株粪肠球菌,命名为SL22;遗传进化树构建中,与粪肠球菌菌株MD48、MD60(GenBank登录号分别为MW5784.17.1、MW5784.16.1)同源性为92.00%;在哥伦比亚血平板上具有溶血现象,为α溶血;在耐药情况检测中,SL22对青霉素G、杆菌肽耐药,对万古霉素等药物敏感,含有4种耐药基因(qnrD、floR、aac(6’)-lb-cr、int I 1);在毒力测定中,SL22对小鼠的LD50约为1.6×10^(9)CFU/只,死亡小鼠肝脏、小肠出血明显,且含有4种毒力基因(gelE、cylA、ace、efaA)。本试验为奶牛乳房粪肠球菌感染的防治提供了参考。展开更多
基金Preject supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China(No. 2004CB418503)the Overseas Fund of Institute of AppliedEcology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.
文摘The luminous intensity of dark variant (S1) separated from photobacterium phosph oreum (A2) was 1/10 000 less than that of wild type. Ethidium bromide (EB) (0.6 mg/L), Mytomycin C (MC, 0.05 mg/L), 2 amino fluorene (2 AF, 1.0 mg/L) all cou ld strongly induce reversion mutation for S1 within 24 h and increase reversion ratio significantly. The results of experiments indicated that these revertants had stable genetic characteristic and the mutation may take place at gene levels . The mutagenesis to S1 caused by EB, MC and 2 AF was detected and it may be us ed as a new rapid, simple and sensitive method for gene toxicant monitoring.
基金The Ph. D Fund of the National Education Ministry of China (No. 20030284038) and the Hi-Tech Research and DevelopmentProgram(863) of China(No. 2001AA214191)
文摘The purified terephthalic acid (PTA) petrochemical wastewater molecular toxicity detected by use of Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 GeneChip was conducted in this research. The toxic dose to male mice was 0.03 g/(kg, d) of PTA in the wastewater. The mice liver total RNA was isolated as the temple for synthesis of eDNA and then the cDNA as the temple for synthesis of cRNA. Hybridizing the cRNA with the target genes on the gene chip, there were 232 genes expression levels up-regulated and 74 genes down-regulated discovered obviously. The foremost 40 genes for both the highest and the lowest expression levels involved endogenetic steroid and hormone metabolism, immune system, the leukocyte activity and inflammation, detoxification in liver, reproduction and growth hormone, regulation immune factors of anti-tumor and anti-infection and cancer to the mice sampled. The data suggest the PTA wastewater contained over 5 aromatics and their toxicities integrated were much higher than the pure chemical PTA. And the pure chemical PTA toxicities data cannot be used to evaluate the toxicity of the PTA wastewater instead.
文摘Introducing PCR products into plasmids vectors is key for molecular techniques. Ideally cloning vectors are easy to construct, modify and propagate, neither require advanced techniques nor special equipment or reagents and efficiently incorporate PCR products at close to zero empty vector background. We provide an easy to engineer self-made cloning vector, neither requiring sophisticated tools or techniques nor advanced cloning knowledge. Through recombination we obtained the pUC18ccdB vector, carrying the ccdB suicide gene within the pUC18 backbone. When SmaI cleaved (within the ccdB) vector was T4 ligated with small (0.2 kbp) and intermediate (1.3 to 2.2 kbp) blunt end PCR-products and transformed into E. coli, the amount of clones with incorporated PCR product was comparable to commercial PCR-cloning kits and at a close to zero PCR product negative background. In conclusion we present a simple, versatile and cheap approach to an efficient “home made” PCR-cloning vector that allows integration of crude blunt end PCR products at close to zero background.
文摘Heavy metals such nickel (Ni) can cause toxicity by 1) displacing essential components in the biomolecules, 2) blocking the functional group of molecules, or 3) modifying enzymes, proteins, the plasma membrane, and membrane transporters. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of nickel (Ni) on gene expression of nitrate on gene expression with a focus on the genes coding for the high affinity Ni transporter family protein </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AT</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">G</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16800, and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NRAMP</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Ni toxicity was assessed by treating seedlings with an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate salt [Ni(NO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">] at the concentrations of 150 mg, 800 mg, and 1600 mg of nickel per 1 kg of dry soil. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AT</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">G</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16800, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NRAMP</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> genes in samples treated with nickel nitrates and controls. The results revealed that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P.</span></i> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">glauca</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is resistant to Ni based on lack of plant damage at all nickel concentrations. Ni has no effect on the expression of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AT</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">G</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16800 gene in needles or roots. However, it induced an upregulation of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NRAMP</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> genes in roots at all the doses tested (150 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1600 mg/kg). On the other hand, Ni has no effect on the expression of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NRAMP</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gene in needle but the lowest dose of potassium (150 mg/kg) upregulated this gene in needle tissues.
文摘为了解北疆某规模化奶牛场临床型乳房炎源粪肠球菌的耐药与毒力情况,采集了47份临床型乳房炎乳样进行细菌分离,通过生化鉴定及16S rRNA对粪肠球菌进行鉴定,进行了药敏试验及33种耐药基因检测,了解其耐药情况;通过小鼠LD50、病变观察及6种毒力基因检测,了解其致病性。分离鉴定出了1株粪肠球菌,命名为SL22;遗传进化树构建中,与粪肠球菌菌株MD48、MD60(GenBank登录号分别为MW5784.17.1、MW5784.16.1)同源性为92.00%;在哥伦比亚血平板上具有溶血现象,为α溶血;在耐药情况检测中,SL22对青霉素G、杆菌肽耐药,对万古霉素等药物敏感,含有4种耐药基因(qnrD、floR、aac(6’)-lb-cr、int I 1);在毒力测定中,SL22对小鼠的LD50约为1.6×10^(9)CFU/只,死亡小鼠肝脏、小肠出血明显,且含有4种毒力基因(gelE、cylA、ace、efaA)。本试验为奶牛乳房粪肠球菌感染的防治提供了参考。