Diabetes affects at least 382 million people worldwide and the incidence is expected to reach 592 million by 2035.The incidence of diabetes in youth is skyrocketing as evidenced by a 21% increase in type 1 diabetes an...Diabetes affects at least 382 million people worldwide and the incidence is expected to reach 592 million by 2035.The incidence of diabetes in youth is skyrocketing as evidenced by a 21% increase in type 1 diabetes and a 30.5% increase in type 2 diabetes in the United States between 2001 and 2009.The effects of toxic stress,the culmination of biological and environmental interactions,on the development of diabetes complications is gaining attention.Stress impacts the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis and contributes to inflammation,a keybiological contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications.This review provides an overview of common diabetic complications such as neuropathy,cognitive decline,depression,nephropathy and cardiovascular disease.The review also provides a discussion of the role of inflammation and stress in the development and progression of chronic complications of diabetes,associated symptomatology and importance of early identification of symptoms of depression,fatigue,exercise intolerance and pain.展开更多
Pneumonia, a respiratory infection induces acute or chronic inflammation, characterized by increased activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils, thus generating oxygen-free radicals that decrease the endogenous antioxida...Pneumonia, a respiratory infection induces acute or chronic inflammation, characterized by increased activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils, thus generating oxygen-free radicals that decrease the endogenous antioxidants defence system. The aim of this experimental study focused on the capacity of nontoxic aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts of Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. suaveolens to regulate free reactive species and protein inflammation generated by infectious disease. The phytochemical screenings of G. suaveolens extracts were carried out according to precipitation and colorimetric methods. The total antioxidant and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium Chloride ethanolic methods. The efficiency of G. suaveolens extracts on free radicals was evaluated using DPPH<sup>•</sup>, ABTS<sup>+•</sup>, and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory properties of extracts were evaluated according to in vitro protein (BSA) denaturation, Proteinase Inhibitory Action, and Red Blood Cell Membrane stabilization assays. The G. suaveolens aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts were used for the acute toxicity assessment according to the OECD protocol. The obtained results showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols as secondary metabolites families in G. suaveolens extracts. The highest contents of total antioxidants and flavonoids were highlighted in the hydroethanolic extract. However, it’s the G. suaveolens aqueous extract that showed the best free radical DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>+•</sup> scavenging activities (SC<sub>50</sub>) of 11.06 μg/mL and 15.16 μg/mL respectively. The highest ferric-reducing activity was found in G. suaveolens ethanolic extract with 866.23 μg EGA/mg of dry weight. The hydroethanolic extract has shown a high anti-inflammatory activity through BSA denaturation and erythrocyte membrane haemolysis with inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 48.63 and 59.22 μg/mL respectively. In contrast, proteinase inhibitory activity revealed a better potential of IC<sub>50</sub> (34.19 μg/mL) for the ethanolic extract. In oral acute toxicity, all treated groups revealed neither mortality nor any significant alteration in behaviour and locomotion. The lethal dose 50 (LD<sub>50</sub>) of G. suaveolens extracts was >5000 mg/kg. These results suggest that G. suaveolens stem-barks extracts may serve as therapeutic sources to prevent inflammation induced by oxidative stress, an important feature of infectious diseases.展开更多
Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used for colorectal cancer treatment. The testicular toxic effect is one of its recorded toxicities which resulted in a few studies. Oxidative stress could be a direct cause of t...Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used for colorectal cancer treatment. The testicular toxic effect is one of its recorded toxicities which resulted in a few studies. Oxidative stress could be a direct cause of this testicular toxicity. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) are optimistic antioxidants for applications in medicine. The aim of the work is to study the protective effect of CONPs on testicular toxicity induced by oxaliplatin in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Control group, CONPs group (60 mg/kg, 5 times/week), Oxaliplatin group (4 mg/kg, twice/week), and Oxaliplatin & CONPs group, for 4 weeks. Seventy-two hours after the last administration, blood samples were taken for hormonal levels and testes were used for both histopathology and immunohistochemical microscopic examination. Sperm smears were also performed and their results were statistically analyzed to detect any sperm abnormalities. Oxaliplatin increased MDA levels. SOD and GPx activity was decreased. GSH levels were decreased. Also, it decreased the sperm cell count and serum testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormon. In the testicular sections, significant histopathology changes were seen and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. Upon supplementation of CONPs with oxaliplatin decreased MDA levels. SOD and GPx activity was increased, and GSH did not change. In testicular sections, normal morphology was seen. Also, there was an increase in the sperm cell count and serum testosterone anti-Müllerian with significant improvement of testicular architecture, and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. The utilization of CONPs produced significant protection against all of the above-mentioned changes.展开更多
目的高压氧(HBO)诱导的肺型氧中毒尚无有效的防治措施。该研究旨在阐明新斯的明(NEO)与山莨菪碱(ANI)联合(简称新斯莨菪碱)应用对肺型氧中毒的作用并初步探讨其机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠暴露于2.5 ATA 99.9%氧气6 h制备肺型氧中毒模型,...目的高压氧(HBO)诱导的肺型氧中毒尚无有效的防治措施。该研究旨在阐明新斯的明(NEO)与山莨菪碱(ANI)联合(简称新斯莨菪碱)应用对肺型氧中毒的作用并初步探讨其机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠暴露于2.5 ATA 99.9%氧气6 h制备肺型氧中毒模型,对照组小鼠给予生理盐水腹腔注射,治疗组小鼠给予ANI(25 mg/kg,腹腔注射)和NEO(50μg/kg,腹腔注射),暴露结束后取肺组织进行检测。HE染色观察肺组织的病理损伤情况;伊文思蓝染色通过检测肺通透性以及测定肺湿/干比及肺泡灌洗液中的蛋白含量来衡量肺损伤的严重程度;同时测定肺组织中炎症因子、氧化应激指标以及铁含量变化情况。结果与正常组相比,模型组的肺损伤程度显著加重,肺通透性、肺湿/干比以及肺泡灌洗液中蛋白含量同步增加;肺组织中促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ的mRNA水平显著增加,抑炎因子IL-4、TGF-β明显降低;氧化指标MDA显著升高、抗氧化指标GSH则显著降低;铁含量升高,铁死亡的标志物GPX4表达量增加,而给予新斯莨菪碱治疗后能明显逆转上述变化。结论新斯莨菪碱对肺型氧中毒具有保护作用,可能通过激活胆碱能抗炎通路,从而抑制炎症和氧化应激的发生,进而减少了肺组织中游离铁的含量,最终抑制细胞铁死亡。展开更多
文摘Diabetes affects at least 382 million people worldwide and the incidence is expected to reach 592 million by 2035.The incidence of diabetes in youth is skyrocketing as evidenced by a 21% increase in type 1 diabetes and a 30.5% increase in type 2 diabetes in the United States between 2001 and 2009.The effects of toxic stress,the culmination of biological and environmental interactions,on the development of diabetes complications is gaining attention.Stress impacts the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis and contributes to inflammation,a keybiological contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications.This review provides an overview of common diabetic complications such as neuropathy,cognitive decline,depression,nephropathy and cardiovascular disease.The review also provides a discussion of the role of inflammation and stress in the development and progression of chronic complications of diabetes,associated symptomatology and importance of early identification of symptoms of depression,fatigue,exercise intolerance and pain.
文摘Pneumonia, a respiratory infection induces acute or chronic inflammation, characterized by increased activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils, thus generating oxygen-free radicals that decrease the endogenous antioxidants defence system. The aim of this experimental study focused on the capacity of nontoxic aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts of Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. suaveolens to regulate free reactive species and protein inflammation generated by infectious disease. The phytochemical screenings of G. suaveolens extracts were carried out according to precipitation and colorimetric methods. The total antioxidant and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium Chloride ethanolic methods. The efficiency of G. suaveolens extracts on free radicals was evaluated using DPPH<sup>•</sup>, ABTS<sup>+•</sup>, and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory properties of extracts were evaluated according to in vitro protein (BSA) denaturation, Proteinase Inhibitory Action, and Red Blood Cell Membrane stabilization assays. The G. suaveolens aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts were used for the acute toxicity assessment according to the OECD protocol. The obtained results showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols as secondary metabolites families in G. suaveolens extracts. The highest contents of total antioxidants and flavonoids were highlighted in the hydroethanolic extract. However, it’s the G. suaveolens aqueous extract that showed the best free radical DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>+•</sup> scavenging activities (SC<sub>50</sub>) of 11.06 μg/mL and 15.16 μg/mL respectively. The highest ferric-reducing activity was found in G. suaveolens ethanolic extract with 866.23 μg EGA/mg of dry weight. The hydroethanolic extract has shown a high anti-inflammatory activity through BSA denaturation and erythrocyte membrane haemolysis with inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 48.63 and 59.22 μg/mL respectively. In contrast, proteinase inhibitory activity revealed a better potential of IC<sub>50</sub> (34.19 μg/mL) for the ethanolic extract. In oral acute toxicity, all treated groups revealed neither mortality nor any significant alteration in behaviour and locomotion. The lethal dose 50 (LD<sub>50</sub>) of G. suaveolens extracts was >5000 mg/kg. These results suggest that G. suaveolens stem-barks extracts may serve as therapeutic sources to prevent inflammation induced by oxidative stress, an important feature of infectious diseases.
文摘Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used for colorectal cancer treatment. The testicular toxic effect is one of its recorded toxicities which resulted in a few studies. Oxidative stress could be a direct cause of this testicular toxicity. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) are optimistic antioxidants for applications in medicine. The aim of the work is to study the protective effect of CONPs on testicular toxicity induced by oxaliplatin in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Control group, CONPs group (60 mg/kg, 5 times/week), Oxaliplatin group (4 mg/kg, twice/week), and Oxaliplatin & CONPs group, for 4 weeks. Seventy-two hours after the last administration, blood samples were taken for hormonal levels and testes were used for both histopathology and immunohistochemical microscopic examination. Sperm smears were also performed and their results were statistically analyzed to detect any sperm abnormalities. Oxaliplatin increased MDA levels. SOD and GPx activity was decreased. GSH levels were decreased. Also, it decreased the sperm cell count and serum testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormon. In the testicular sections, significant histopathology changes were seen and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. Upon supplementation of CONPs with oxaliplatin decreased MDA levels. SOD and GPx activity was increased, and GSH did not change. In testicular sections, normal morphology was seen. Also, there was an increase in the sperm cell count and serum testosterone anti-Müllerian with significant improvement of testicular architecture, and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. The utilization of CONPs produced significant protection against all of the above-mentioned changes.
文摘目的高压氧(HBO)诱导的肺型氧中毒尚无有效的防治措施。该研究旨在阐明新斯的明(NEO)与山莨菪碱(ANI)联合(简称新斯莨菪碱)应用对肺型氧中毒的作用并初步探讨其机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠暴露于2.5 ATA 99.9%氧气6 h制备肺型氧中毒模型,对照组小鼠给予生理盐水腹腔注射,治疗组小鼠给予ANI(25 mg/kg,腹腔注射)和NEO(50μg/kg,腹腔注射),暴露结束后取肺组织进行检测。HE染色观察肺组织的病理损伤情况;伊文思蓝染色通过检测肺通透性以及测定肺湿/干比及肺泡灌洗液中的蛋白含量来衡量肺损伤的严重程度;同时测定肺组织中炎症因子、氧化应激指标以及铁含量变化情况。结果与正常组相比,模型组的肺损伤程度显著加重,肺通透性、肺湿/干比以及肺泡灌洗液中蛋白含量同步增加;肺组织中促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ的mRNA水平显著增加,抑炎因子IL-4、TGF-β明显降低;氧化指标MDA显著升高、抗氧化指标GSH则显著降低;铁含量升高,铁死亡的标志物GPX4表达量增加,而给予新斯莨菪碱治疗后能明显逆转上述变化。结论新斯莨菪碱对肺型氧中毒具有保护作用,可能通过激活胆碱能抗炎通路,从而抑制炎症和氧化应激的发生,进而减少了肺组织中游离铁的含量,最终抑制细胞铁死亡。
